...How far was the effectiveness of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s limited by internal divisions? (30 marks) During the Civil Rights Movement great improvements were made gradually for the small minority groups in USA, for example Black African Americans, Hispanic groups and also women. However, from the very beginning there were internal divisions within the civil rights movement as well as external divisions. These partitions were caused by four major factors; methods such as peaceful protest and violence, ideology, effects of tension from jealousy and rivalry and lastly personalities of the different civil rights organisations and their leaders as they were competing for media attention and public recognition. These divisions did limit the effectiveness of the civil rights movement as they slowed down the process and cause many complications. These divisions were extremely clear thought out the 1960s as there was the development of Black Power and their methods of violence which is a contrast to Martin Luther King’s approach which was peaceful protest. In the early 1960s many successes came about for the civil rights movement especially for SNCC and of Martin Luther King. The Greensboro sit-ins led by SNCC in 1960 is an example of a triumph as they demonstrated that civil rights campaigns could spread quickly and also showed that other organisations could work together as the sit-ins attacked all aspects of segregation and it lead to the extending of the existing NAACP...
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...The Impact of Social Ties on Coalition Strength and Effectiveness: The Case of the Battered Women's Movement in St Louis, Social Movement Studies: Journal of Social, Cultural and Political Protest. The world we live in has been one that has not been so equal to women. We have had issues that involve women that include the right to vote, being able to run for offices and fairness in the boardroom. Woman battle daily with the system of being submissive and knowing their place. There has been a social issue that is affecting women and young girls daily. The social issue is domestic violence. The issue has become more relevant in the recent years and has given the label of “battered women” to thousands of women today. The article selected for this week assignment is Gretchen Arnold (2011) The Impact of Social Ties on Coalition Strength and Effectiveness: The Case of the Battered Women's Movement in St Louis, Social Movement Studies: Journal of Social, Cultural and Political Protest. The article is a report of new research. The article is written based on results from a study that started in 1980s, but had new data as of 2006. The article was a research article based on the qualitative method of research. In this case study, we see how there coalitions can come together as one to make a change to the problems of battered women. Women are leaving their homes, jobs, and a life they are familiar with to simply start over. Many are trying to save their lives and the lives of their...
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...How far was the effectiveness of the civil rights movement in the 1960s limited by Internal divisions? Firstly mention the successes of the 1960s * Greensboro Sit-ins 1960, This protest was very effective; it successfully desegregated the Woolworths store by the end of 1960 and all of Woolworths by 1961. By the end of 1962, 700k people protested and 810 southern towns desegregated something which helped to start the erosion of the Jim Crow Laws. But, the foundations for divisions were set, SNCC accused the SCLC of keeping donations and they were displeased with Kings top-down leadership. NAACP lawyer Thurgood Marshall called SNCC a ‘group of crazy coloured’. Although this didn’t affect this campaign, the co-operation was unsustainable and could be seen as the beginning of the end. * Freedom rides 1961, This again was successful in the respect that Supreme Court rulings MORGAN V VIRGINIA 1946 and BOYNTON V VIRGINIA 1960 were upheld, but divisions remained, CORE insisted that the SCLC said that CORE originated the freedom rides, cracks were beginning to widen. * The failure at Albany also helped with the radicalisation of SNCC and CORE, people started to question the effectiveness of peaceful protest. Talk about how when there is collaboration there is usually success, e.g. March on Washington which helped the 1964 Civil rights act go through. Tangible successes (dejure) * Civil Rights Act 1964 outlawed racial discrimination in employment and all forms of segregation...
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...27 collective effectiveness. This finding illustrates how the impact of social ties on individuals’ perceptions manifests itself in different ways. Moreover, it shows that there is a privileged path (highlighted with bold arrows in Figures 1 and 2) leading to strong participation in social movements. Of all perceptions, individual effectiveness is the factor in the decision process that most closely influences the level of participation in both the Bern Declaration and the WWF. Prospective members with a strong feeling that if they engage in protest, their participation will serve at least to a certain extent to bring about social change will actualize their potential for mobilization at the highest level of involvement. Individual effectiveness is also one of the perceptions of the model that is most influenced by social networks, directly but also indirectly via interest in the political issue and the perception of the organization’s effectiveness . This last result highlights the close interweaving between social ties and individual effectiveness. In other words, it stresses the interconnectedness of relational factors and human agency, and demonstrates that both structuralist and rationalist accounts are indispensable to explanation of individual participation. Conclusion Social networks matter, but they do so by performing various functions in the process of individual participation. They intervene at least three different ways. First, they intervene in the socialization...
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...A Commitment to Non-Violent Protests: As an African American teenager and student in 1968, I’ve gotten used to facing violent opposition and being around inconsiderate and unsympathetic whites. It has recently come to my attention that not enough people understand how effective non-violent protest has been to our lives. The Civil Rights Movement has definitely made people, including me, realize how important their voice and opinion can be, which has significantly changed America. Peaceful protests work far better than taking a violent approach to it. With nonviolent protests, there are fewer obstacles to conquer and less physical involvement and commitment. Even though some non-violent protests are not successful and fail to achieve their...
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...extra-institutionalism, network character, multi-centeredness, fluid boundaries of collective membership and willingness of members to disrupt order (Grlach & Hine 2005). Women have made their own movements or have been part of mixed gender social movements because they are members of social classes; they are workers seeking expression, inclusion and redress form authority. In the formation of collectives, gender issues arise which when not well addressed can cause major setbacks to the different collectives formed due to numerous factors that arise in the society in many cases. Gender issues that arise in the collectives Gender stereotypes Women are the most disadvantaged when it comes to collectives. This lies in the stereotypes that people hold about men and women. Men are considered to posses more genetic qualities that reflect greater competence and instrumentality that the women. Specifically, men are considered more leader-like, intellectual, analytical, and able to think abstractly, able to solve problems whereas women are considered kind, warmer, more expressive, supportive, and more gentle (Williams & Bast 1990). In mixed gender setting, social movement participation is different for women because of the gender role expectations. Women tend to be performing ‘movement house wifely’ that...
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...conscientious stupidity.” is indeed very true, relating to the effectiveness of protests for civil rights. Despite the efforts made to achieve these objectives of civil rights many times the protesters did not succeed, due to the fact that the government often ignored these problems even though they were aware of their wrongfulness. In the minds of the committed protesters, they too believed that the social movements ultimately did not succeed. Activists participating in social movements were driven by democratic ideals affecting them and their communities and often disregarded political reform as success. Some of their ideals could not be implemented by the government and were only recognized within the activist community. Although protests did provide change, with regards to civil rights of excluded groups, many protests struggled for more “radical transformation” then what they achieved. Similarly, black activists in the United States of America (USA) of the 1960s ultimately were seeking more than to achieve the civil rights acts (Carson, no date: 19.)...
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...causes of popular resistance. The ability to reduce support is the principal measure of success. Additionally, effective policy must counter the specific challenges posed by non-violent protest. As a result, the long-term successes of concession-based policies prove the usefulness of this method. However, most policies involve a balance between concession and repression. The unsustainability of repression demonstrates that concession is necessary to this balance. However, non-violent repression, such as the use of state media to suppress free speech, remains useful. It pairs well with concession, as it can silence key resistance figures. Due to this, concession is the most...
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...Justice for All: Civil Protest and Civil Rights The civil rights movement came about in the mid-19th century. The movement began as subtle and peaceful demonstration pleading for equal rights for all citizens under the constitution. One of the first victories of the Civil Rights Movement was Brown V. Board of Education which overturned Plessy v. Ferguson, stating that segregation in schools was unconstitutional. Soon after events such as the Birmingham bus boycott, and other protest would fuel the notion that equal rights and liberties were in fact a reality for black Americans. A young charismatic leader would emerge from the movement by the name of Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. would catapult the movement further and increase...
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...The Dirty Thirties and the Emergence Of Canadian Social Assistance Grade 10 Academic-CHC2D Dec. 12, 2011 By: Kate Raatzs, Archana Selvaragan and Jennifer Joseph Table of Contents Task Page Design Plan Statement 1 Course Outline 2-5 Unit Overview 6 Unit Calendar 7-8 Enduring Understandings/Essential Questions 9-10 Lesson Summaries: a) Causes of Economic Troubles 11 b) Population Changes and Immigration 12-14 c) Technology of the 1930s 15 d) Life in the 1930s 16 e) On-To-Ottawa and Social Unrest 17 f) Social Assistance Programs 18 g) Then and Now Review Lesson 19-21 h) Then and Now Round Table Assignment 22-23 Appendix A: Round Table Discussion Handout 24 Rubric for Round Table Discussion and other Assessment ideas 25-28 Topic Organizer 29-31 Speech Planner 32 Design Process Statement Our group initially decided to work together because each of us was specifically interested in developing lessons for Grade 10 Canadian History – Academic. Some of us wanted to develop our understanding of the curriculum itself, while others wanted to focus on working with students of this age. After reviewing the curriculum...
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...To further exemplify my point that, non violent protest are indeed superior to violent protests when we talk about the effectiveness, we will examine a historic event that used non violent methods as a way to try and achieve social change, the renowned ‘March on Washington.’ On Wednesday August 28, 1962, more than 250,000 Americans, Black and White, convened in Washington D.C for the celebrated and famed political rally known as the ‘March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom.’ The purpose of the non violent protest was to expose the continuation of political and social challenges African Americans faced across America, over a century after the Emancipation Proclamation, urging for reforms to be made in civil and economic rights. To try...
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...How far was the leadership of Martin Luther King responsible for the gains made by the civil rights movement between the years 1955 and 1968? The leadership of Martin Luther King was heavily influential between 1955 and 1968 and his success was almost entirely down to his methods of peaceful protest, especially in the South. His philosophy of non-violent direct action helped him to project the movement across the whole of America with help from media companies, the movement gained a substantial amount of support out of sympathy when the American citizens saw the brutal treatment of innocent protestors, increasing the already large numbers of campaigners. Though his campaigns King showed sheer determination and dedication to achieving the ultimate goal of equality. His campaigns impacted all areas of American society whether that be social, political or economical, his protests had the power to affect all. King was ambitious in his ventures, in 1963, he set out to desegregate the most heavily segregated city in the country, Birmingham. Here he targeted black unemployment by provoking violence and not retaliating. After the demonstrations the process of desegregation began slowly, promises were made to end segregation in employment, department stores were desegregated and those jailed for their participation in the campaign were freed. As well as these progressions, Kennedy announced plans to pass a bill that was said to finally end segregation. The Birmingham campaign helped...
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...blacks and whites live in harmony. Both demanded equality not just in theory but also in societal life. Where they differed most was in the methods used and the time each group was willing to wait. The non-violence method was rooted in religion and common sense. To succeed non-violent protest required not just the support of the black population, but that population's...
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...Ramona Elder Mr. Neal American Government How does the tea party affect the voting rights of people? The Tea Party is a grassroots movement that calls awareness to any issue that challenges the security, sovereignty, or domestic tranquility of our beloved nation, the United States of America. From our founding, The Tea Party represents the voice of the true owners of the United States: WE THE PEOPLE. Many are credited to be founders of this movement; however, it was the brave souls of the men and women in 1773, known today as the Boston Tea Party, who dared to defy the greatest military might on earth. We are the beneficiaries of their courage. The Tea Party includes those who possess a strong belief in the foundational Judeo-Christian values embedded in our great founding documents. We believe that the responsibility of our beloved nation is entrenched within the hearts of true American Patriots from every race, religion, national origin, and walk of life who share a common belief in the values which made and keep our beloved nation great. We stand by the Constitution as inherently conservative. We serve as a beacon to the masses that have lost their way, a light illuminating the path to the original intentions of our Founding Fathers. We must raise a choir of voices declaring that America must stand on the values that made us great. Only then will the politically blind see and deaf hear! By joining the Tea Party, you are taking a stand for our nation. You will be upholding...
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...How Important Was the Contribution of Martin Luther King To The Civil Rights Movement 55-65? 1955 to 1965 has been classed as the “golden age” of the civil rights movement. Undoubtedly Kings influence, he became the first out right leader of a diverse civil rights struggle. King was gifted with exceptional public speaking abilities & charisma which in due course changed and inspired a entire nation. King had many successes which include the Montgomery bus boycott in 1955, the Birmingham campaign in 1963 and the March on Washington in 1963. Although we cannot ignore the various pressure groups other than kings SCLC. CORE, SNCC and NAACP had a major contribution into improving millions of lives. We also cannot ignore the Federal government and the relationship King had with them. In short King was a key player in civil rights but other groups and organisations also contributed to the civil rights movement. Montgomery Bus boycott – 1955 In 1955 buses all over the south were still segregated, this meant that the front section of the bus was reserved for whites only this meant blacks had to sit at the back, furthermore if a bus was full blacks would have to stand. The boycott started after Rosa Parks refused to leave her seat, she was arrested and fined $14. Because many blacks couldn’t afford cars to travel many resorted to using buses. The boycotts had a major influence on the bus company’s because the majority of customers were in fact black. By boycotting the...
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