...of viruses. Its symptoms are consistent with those of a cold, congestion, fever, chills, aches and pains. The virus can pass through the air and enter the body through the nose or mouth; it is spread very easily and very contagious. Everyone needs to be aware of the dangers of the influenza virus and the benefits of the influenza vaccine. The vaccine is a primary level of intervention to prevent a person from becoming ill with the influenza virus. Once vaccinated against the influenza antibodies are produced and hopefully the person who was vaccinated will not become infected. Cross-transmission of influenza infection from healthcare personnel (HCP) to patients has been described in various clinical settings, including long term care facilities, urgent care centers and acute care hospitals which put the HCP at risk of occupationally acquired influenza. Since 1981, the CDC has recommended that HCP receive the vaccine against influenza in effort to reduce transmission of the virus to their colleagues and to the vulnerable people in their care. According to the CDC a few...
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...Randomization, clear primary end point and use of laboratory confirmed measurement all added validity to the study. There were some imbalances across the study arms that might have resulted in a confounding effect such as the difference in vaccination rates and risk exposures just like the 2011 trial, however, the investigators adjusted for these potential confounders using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model which have helped minimize the threats to validity. In terms of generalizability, it is difficult to translate the results of this study to daily clinical practice. Although continuous use of N95 respirators was the most effective method of protection, they can be uncomfortable to wear and cannot be easily tolerated by all health care workers for long periods of time. Discomfort...
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...OVERVIEW OF VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY The veterinary profession faces many challenges …… Rapid movement of disease Climate change Today’s challenges require population health approach to investigation and solving problems WHAT DOES VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY HAVE TO OFFER? Veterinary Epidemiology is concerned with efforts to describe, explain, predict and prevent/control disease (& other healthrelated outcomes) in animal populations. Description Identifying cases of diseases in order to calculate the relative frequencies of the diseases within population subgroups. Explanation Identifying causal factors and modes of transmission Prediction Estimating the likely number of cases that Identifying patterns of will develop in the disease occurrence future Prevent/Control Applying epidemiological knowledge to prevent the occurrence of new cases of disease, eradicate existing cases, and prolong the lives of animals with disease Taken together, epidemiology provides the data that will improve our understanding of how diseases develop over time and the factors that relate to disease distributions. These in turn will lead to application of interventions to reduce disease impact. - What it is Epi - "upon“ demos - "the people“ logos - "study of". Veterinary Epidemiology " The frequency, patterns and the factors that influence health, disease & other healthrelated states in animal populations and its application anddisease prevention & to...
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...team of professional managers and 3rd Generation Pascual family members. While Pascuallab has shown aggressive growth and solid performance consistently over the last few years, our primary focus remains the well-being of our consumers. We believe in the continuous pursuit of excellence. To us at Pascuallab, this can only be achieved when we are able to bring our PASSION FOR HEALTH and LOVE FOR LIFE to everyone. 1950’s: Growing the Business 1. Pascual Laboratories made its first home in Balut Island, Tondo, Manila. 2. 1954: Modernization of the Plant 3. Product line expansion to include antibiotics and cardio-vascular medicines 1960's: Sustaining the Growth 1. Formation of strategic partnerships with foreign-based principals 2. Change from single proprietorship to corporation 3. Formation of marketing divisions: sales, promotions, distributions 4. Strengthening of Product Research and Development Division 1970's: A Time of Crisis (Martial Law) 1. Transfer of facilities: manufacturing plant from Tondo to Bulacan; head office was moved to EDSA 2. Devolved marketing and distribution to Pharex 3. Pursuit of licensing agreements 1980's: Dawn of a New Day 1. Major Reorganization: Metro Drug- Product...
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...Examination of Clinical Psychology At its base level, clinical psychology is the attempt of an educated individual applying their knowledge of human behavior (gathered through scientific research) to address the relational, physiological, or affective concerns or troubles of another’s life. Plante (2011) defines clinical psychology as an understanding, assessment, and treatment of psychological or behavioral disorders. As a scientific enterprise that employees the scientific method to study and evaluate procedures and possible treatments, clinical psychology endeavors to research the most acceptable methods of aiding its patients. Psychotherapy and research go hand-in-hand, creating circumstances where art illuminates science and science illuminates art (Plante, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to examine the ever-changing nature of clinical psychology while explaining the specifics of counseling as done with the use of clinical psychology. History Hippocrates was the first to produce a somewhat naïve, but complete, definition of dysfunction and disease (Plante, 2011). He believed that certain emotions and maladjustments of the mind were caused by imbalances in the levels of blood, phlegm, yellow bile, or black bile. Anger, depression, and other extreme emotions could be caused by these aberrations of humors. Plato put forth the idea that the soul, or metaphysical world, might have visible effects on the physical domain. Holistic medicinal theory was developed...
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...A “Calibrated Approach”: Pharmaceutical FDI and the Evolution of Indian Patent Law Web version: August 2007 Authors: Katherine Connor Linton and Nicholas Corrado1 Abstract India has charted its own intellectual property (IP) path over the last 35 years, attempting to foster the growth of a domestic pharmaceutical industry and access to medicine while, more recently, also addressing the requirements of the international IP regime. Multinational companies (MNCs) have responded to India’s movement towards compliance with the W TO intellectual property agreement, TRIPS, by increasing the quantity and quality of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the areas of pharmaceutical research and development (R&D) and manufacturing. By contrast, MNCs have adopted a more cautious attitude toward the patenting and commercialization of new pharmaceutical products in India, waiting to see how Indian courts and patent offices interpret the new laws, and awaiting the enactment of longdebated data protection legislation. The ultimate success of the Indian “calibrated approach” to fostering the domestic industry and access to medicine while also addressing international IP requirements remains to be seen. 1 Katherine Connor Linton (katherine.linton@usitc.gov) is the International Trade Analyst for Intellectual Property and Nicholas Corrado was a law student intern in the Office of Industries of the U.S. International Trade Commission (USITC). The views expressed are those of Ms. Linton and...
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...Pharmaceutical industry The pharmaceutical industry develops, produces, and markets drugs licensed for use as medications.[1] Pharmaceutical companies are allowed to deal in generic and/or brand medications and medical devices. They are subject to a variety of laws and regulations regarding the patenting, testing and ensuring safety and efficacy and marketing of drugs. Indian Pharmaceutical Industry The pharmaceutical industry in India is among the most highly organized sectors. This industry plays an important role in promoting and sustaining development in the field of global medicine. Due to the presence of low cost manufacturing facilities, educated and skilled manpower and cheap labor force among others, the industry is set to scale new heights in the fields of production, development, manufacturing and research. In 2008, the domestic pharma market in India was expected to be US$ 10.76 billion and this is likely to increase at a compound annual growth rate of 9.9 per cent until 2010 and subsequently at 9.5 per cent till the year 2015. | Industry Trends : * The pharma industry generally grows at about 1.5-1.6 times the Gross Domestic Product growth * Globally, India ranks third in terms of manufacturing pharma products by volume * The Indian pharmaceutical industry is expected to grow at a rate of 9.9 % till 2010 and after that 9.5 % till 2015 * In 2007-08, India exported drugs worth US$7.2 billion in to the US and Europe followed by Central and Eastern...
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...Impact of Bed Nets on the Incidence of Malaria in Lumi, West Sepik Province Divine Word University Faculty of Health Sciences, Health Extension Department, MADANG By Gideon Waiya Jzeckesonni Resident Health Extension Officer A COMMUNITY DIAGNOSED RESEARCH PROJECT A PROSPECTIVE STUDY MARCH 2008 FACULTY OF HEALTH SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH EXTENSION DIVINE WORD UNIVERSITY Page | 3 Contents Title Page… ………………………………………………………………………………...........……….3 Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………………………...4 Map of West Sepik Province……………………………………………………………………………….5 Lateral View of the study site……………………………………………………………………………....6 Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………………………………....7 Glossary and Abbreviations………………………………………………………………….......................8 Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………....9 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………….10-11 Background……………………………………………………………………………….….....................11 Provincial & District Profile…………………………………………...........................................11 Aims and Objectives of the study…………………………………………………………………………12 Methods and Materials………………………………………………………………………………...12-13 Study population and sites…………………………………………………………......................12 Data collection tools……………………………………………………………………………....12 Verbal interview questionnaires…………………………………………………………………..13 Results……………………………………………………………………………………….................14-17 Figure 1-Simple & Treatment Failure malaria cases in table…………………………………….14 Figure...
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...achieve results and meet the aims. Public health management is really needed in Africa. For active and resourceful nursing management in Africa, competencies are vital. It is important to know the expertise of the managers on these competencies. It is also important to know if there is a gap between what managers think they know and what they really know in regards to skills. The role of public health for case management is to upkeep early identification of possible circumstances and persons under investigation (PUI) via investigation, mapping communication, awareness activities to healthcare workers and the public. Public health experts can also partake in updating the channeling of PUIs’ likely plus confirmed cases to health care facilities ideal IPC methods can be applied. Affiliated hospitals can also arrange in regard to the cases (“Public health,” 2014). There are certain features that are vital in public health management. In planning, a vision and precise planning along with evaluating throughout the association is a must. Establishing includes financing, human resources, and information technology. It is also important...
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...and Shampo, 2010). Without a universal cure for sickle cell disease, research indicates that primary care providers often question their self-efficacy to effectively manage sickle cell disease patients (Mainous et. al, 2015). All they can do is provide patients with treatment that helps reduce sickle cell complications. Medical interventions for this disease are constantly being improved through research; However, there have been differences in the medical field regarding what constitutes the best treatment. Additionally, many chronic diseases, including sickle cell anemia, require a significant multidisciplinary relationship among health care providers, sickle cell patients, families and researchers. Unfortunately, if SCA is not successfully treated, other comorbid diagnoses can occur, which include depression, anxiety, asthma, and chronic organ dysfunction. Pulmonary hypertension is the most prevalent comorbidity of SCA (Minter and Gladwin, 2001; Morris et al, 2003; Telan, 2016). As previously stated, SCA is a chronic condition and can not be cured. However, medical interventions related to sickle cell anemia are more likely to be effective if they meet the following specified criteria. Sickle cell anemia treatment works better if it is a single, inexpensive medication that is administered once daily; has laboratory and clinical efficacy, availability, and provides long term benefits and safety (Ware, 2010). Further research suggests blood transfusions, gene therapy and hydroxyurea...
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...Clinical Psychology Paper The great evangelist D.T. Niles once said, “Christianity is just one beggar telling another beggar where to find bread” (Niles, 2010). At its most basic level, clinical psychology is the enterprise of one educated, licensed person using their knowledge of human behavior to address, assuage, or otherwise moderate the troubles and concerns of another person’s life—whether they be relational, affective, or physiological. Strictly speaking, clinical psychology is, “the assessment, treatment, and understanding of psychological and behavioral problems and disorders” (Plante, 2005, p. 7). Clinical psychology is a scientific endeavor, utilizing the instrument of the scientific method to inform the practice, procedures, and treatments used to address human problems. There is an interplay that exists between treatment outcome research and psychotherapy in clinical psychology—the science informs the art and the art informs the science (Plante, 2005). The point of this paper is to catalogue and compare the history and evolving nature of clinical psychology as well as to consider the specific case of counseling within the framework of clinical psychology. History Hippocrates—the original author of the Hippocratic Oath—formed the first complete, if naïve, physiological explanation of disease and dysfunction (Plante, 2005). He proposed that imbalances in the mixture and quantity of four fluids: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood, caused several emotions...
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...SQUARE SQUARE today symbolizes a name – a state of mind. But its journey to the growth and prosperity has been no bed of roses. From the inception in 1958, it has today burgeoned into one of the top line conglomerates in Bangladesh. Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., the flagship company, is holding the strong leadership position in the pharmaceutical industry of Bangladesh since 1985 and is now on its way to becoming a high performance global player. SQUARE Pharmaceuticals Limited is the largest pharmaceutical company in Bangladesh and it has been continuously in the 1st position among all national and multinational companies since 1985. It was established in 1958 and converted into a public limited company in 1991. The sales turnover of SPL was more than Taka 7.5 Billion (US$ 107.91 million) with about 16.92% market share (April 2006– March 2007) having a growth rate of about 23.17%. History of SQUARE Group |1958 : | |Debut of Square Pharma as a Partnership Firm. | | | |1964 : | |Converted into a Private Limited Company. | | ...
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...(“Critical Care“). In the article “The Competitiveness and Balanced Scorecard of Health Care Companies,” the balanced scorecard has become an idea that has become influential to the business aspect. A balanced scorecard measures employee knowledge, relationship with customers, cultures of innovation, and change generated success. Many businesses has improved their performance by improving processes and becoming more competitive in the market (Mavlutova, Babauska, 2013). In the article “Pabon Lasso and Data Envelopment Analysis: A Complementary Approach to Hospital Performance Measurement,” general hospitals in Iranian Eastern Azerbijan Province applied Data Envelopment Analysis and Pabon Lasso Model to calculate the efficiency of the facilities. These two methods are performance measurements, which are beneficial to health care organizations in terms of quality improvement. The Pabon Lasso Model is used to comparing and...
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...the flu vaccine in 1945 and documented as the first vaccinations were given to the soldiers in WWII. Many kinds of influenza vaccination studies have been done by medical research teams including the Center for Disease Control. The Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta analysis was researched by Michael Osterholm and his associates by reviewing over 5000 studies of the influenza vaccine. Many articles since then have commented on this meta-analysis and have gone further to expand the question of does the flu vaccine decrease pneumonia in the elderly. Results are such that the confounding conditions of the study needed to be adjusted fully and the studies re-evaluated. Another question arises. Does mandatory vaccination of healthcare workers decrease the spread of the flu virus within the hospital. Evidence for consistent high-level protection is elusive for the present generation of vaccines, especially in those at risk of medical complications and those aged 65 years or older. Does Science Support the Flu Shot? Since the discovery of the influenza virus and the subsequent development of the flu vaccine, has there been enough science research to support the effectiveness and efficacy of the flu vaccine? Influenza also known as the flu is a viral infection. The flu is caused by influenza viruses A and B, and to a much lesser extent C and there are many different strains of the flu virus every year and they mutate...
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...FENUGREEK RESEARCH COMPANY LTD. FACILITY MANAGEMENT REPORT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This ten-page facility assessment report presents the findings from a three-week period of investigation in Fenugreek Research Company Ltd and relates recommendations both operationally and strategically which the Fenugreek management is advised to take to resolve the issues that surfaced during the period of investigation. Seven most pressing concerns coming from the Fenugreek staff were each dealt with in detail and suggestions for them were subsequently discussed for its feasibility. The findings of the investigation brought this Facility Manager to the conclusion that there is general dissatisfaction with the current working conditions of Fenugreek Research Company, which must be addressed individually in face of a period of uncertainty and change as the company owners look to float the firm and make it a public concern. The recommendations presented were judged for their practicability and immediacy of solution to the pressing concerns of the Fenugreek employees. INTRODUCTION Although facility management has long been practised by military, government and schools, it is a fairly new business and management discipline. As the role of the physical work environment on performance and productivity started to become more and more evident in studies, so has the field become more and more involved in a business context. In a compilation of over 40 studies of productivity improvement, changes in performance...
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