...treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas, and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste, and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power. There are several types of incineration technologies: Rotary-kiln, Burn Barrels, Fixed grates the typical amount of net energy that can be produced per ton municipal waste is about 2/3 MWh of electricity and 2 MWh of district heating. Thus, incinerating about 600 metric tons (660 short tons) per day of waste will produce about 400 MWh of electrical energy per day (17 MW of electrical power continuously for 24 hours) and 1200 MWh of district heating energy each day. Incineration has a number of outputs such as the ash and the emission to the atmosphere of flue gas. Before the flue gas cleaning system, if installed, the flue gases may contain significant amounts of particulate matter, heavy metals, dioxins, furans, sulfur dioxide, and hydrochloric acid. If plants...
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...qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmrtyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnmqwer...
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...International Journal of Chemical Sciences and Applications ISSN 0976-2590. Vol 3, Issue 1, 2012, pp 232-240 http://www.bipublication.com SIMULATION OF BIOMASS GASIFICATION REACTOR FOR FUEL IN GAS TURBINE Ratnadip R Joshi1, B D Kulkarni2 1 Dept. of Petrochemical Engineering, MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Paud Road, Pune. PIN 411038 Maharashtra, India. 2 Distinguished Scientist, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India. 1 Corresponding author: Email: ratnadip.joshi@mitpune.edu.in, Tel: +91-9423332754; ABSTRACT Energy produced from biofuels or there conversion products represent an important part among today’s energy sources. As biofuels are renewable, abundant and has domestic usage, the sources of biofuels can help the world reduce its dependence on petroleum products and natural gas. Biofuels can be converted into liquid, solid and gaseous fuels with the help of some physical, chemical and biological conversion processes. The conversion of biofuel material has a precise objective to transform a carbonaceous solid material, which is originally difficult to handle, bulky and of low energy concentration, into fuels having physico-chemical characteristics that permit economic storage and transferability through pumping systems. The use of biofuel products provides substantial benefits as far as the environment is concerned. A simulation study has been carried out to arrive at the power output under limiting conditions as well as perform...
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...DETERMINING EFFECTIVESS OF DELTAMETHRIN AND CARBOSULFAN, AND THEIR SYNERGIST EFFECT IN CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES BY OCHIENG’ JAMES WYCLIFFE S12/21157/12 A research proposal submitted to the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Science in Biomedical Science & Technology of Egerton University. EGERTON UNIVERSITY 2015 DECLARATION I, Ochieng’ James Wycliffe, hereby declare that this proposal is my original work and has not been presented for award of a degree in any other university. Candidate: Sign ……………………………… Date……………………………….. …. RECOMMENDATION Supervisors: This proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as supervisor Dr. Vincent Adunga, Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology, Egerton University. Sign: …………………………………………Date: …………………………………… ABSTRACT The development and spread of insecticide resistance in the population of Anophene species, a major vector of malaria in Kenya, presents a serious threat to the progress made in malaria control interventions. This has significantly contributed to negative gains in eradication of mosquito population that spread malaria hence increased cases of deaths due to the disease. With this resistance to insecticides on the rise, surveillance of the target population for optimal choice of insecticides is a necessity. The objective of this study is thus to assess the level of insecticides...
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...Chapter 33: Animal Nutrition * Nutrition: food is taken in, taken apart, and taken up * Herbivores (plants or algae) vs. Carnivores (other animals) vs. Omnivores (All) * Most animals are opportunistic feeders – eat outside their standard diet when their usual foods aren’t available * Animals must eat * But, to survive and reproduce balance their consumption, storage, and use of food 33.1: AN ANIMAL’S DIET MUST SUPPLY CHEMICAL ENERGY, ORGANIC MOLECULES, AND ESSENIAL NUTRIENTS * Diet must satisfy 3 nutritional needs: * Chemical energy for cellular processes * Organic building blocks for macromolecules * Essential nutrients * Activities of animals depends on sources of chemical energy that is used to produce ATP * To meet the continuous requirement for ATP, animals ingest and digest nutrients * Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids for cellular respiration and energy storage Essential Nutrients * Essential nutrients are preassembled organic molecules and minerals * Obtained from an animal’s diet * Include essential fatty acids and amino acids, vitamins, minerals * Key function: serve as substrates, coenzymes, and cofactors in biosynthetic reactions * Essential Fatty Acids and Amino Acids * Animals convert fatty acids to a variety of cellular components * Membrane phospholipids, signaling molecules, storage fats * Essential fatty acids – animals can’t...
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...lCH1002 Energy Management in Chemical Industries Thermal Power Plants Dr. M. Subramanian Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering Kalavakkam – 603 110, Kanchipuram (Dist) Tamil Nadu, India subramanianm@ssn.edu.in 20-July-2010 Rankine cycle layout 20-July-2010 M Subramanian Rankine cycle 20-July-2010 M Subramanian Rankine cycle with reheat Power plant operation • Rankine cycle with reheat – to reduce the formation of water droplets in turbine, and to increase the efficiency of the cycle. • In order to maximize the efficiency of a steam power plant it is desirable to operate as high a temperature as possible in the super-heater. However, above about 650oC various forms of metal fatigue become significant due to very high temperatures and pressures that the walls of the boiler tubes have to withstand. • A typical 500 MW coal-fired plant consumes around 250 tonnes of coal an hour. Efficiency of Thermal Power Plant • The efficiency of a Rankine cycle is usually limited by the working fluid. Without the pressure reaching super critical levels for the working fluid, the temperature range the cycle can operate over is quite small: turbine entry temperatures are typically 565°C (the creep limit of stainless steel) and condenser temperatures are around 30°C. This gives a theoretical Carnot efficiency of about 63% compared with an actual efficiency of 42% for a modern coal-fired power...
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...Executive Summary H20 Industries, Inc. (H20 Industries) provides the service of ion exchange portable tanks. This is the process of purifying water for industrial purposes. H20 Industries will take advantage of an unsatisfied market need for segregated resin regeneration on a portable basis. The company will primarily focus its marketing strategies on offering segregated regeneration services to the untapped market of customers who require high-quality regeneration for their deionized (DI) water treatment facilities. The facility that H20 Industries will utilize is located in Newark, California and is already in limited production. Full production will begin at the end of September, with sales growing gradually to near capacity by the end of the first year, with very healthy gross sales in the first year, and increasing in the second and third years. 1.1 Objectives The primary objectives are: 1. To segment the market for portable regeneration service by stressing H20 Industries's capability at providing segregated regeneration. The goal is to reach monthly sales of 1,710 cu ft of segregated resin by the end of the first year. 2. To build up a dealership network of 15 knowledgeable and efficient water service companies who will represent H20 Industries in areas outside direct sales from the factory. 3. To set up a bulk regeneration facility with a capacity of 40 cu ft daily, and sell its full capacity in the large general portable exchange service market through...
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...India. With the shale gas policy to be cleared soon, ONGC has tied up with ConocoPhillips to explore and develop Cambay, Cauvery, Krishna-Godavari and Bengal basins, after the success of a pilot project in Damodar Basin. Also, OIL has hired Schlumberger to evaluate the potential of shale gas reserves in Rajasthan and Assam-Arakan basins. India at present is a net importer of natural gas with the demand supply gap increasing further. Shortage of gas is also aggravated by the lower production levels in KG-D6 block. This has resulted in the under utilization of gas-consuming industries, notably the power and fertilizer industry. Associated issues Shale gas being an unconventional source of natural gas requires unique technology of Hydro-fracking, a method of horizontal drilling using high pressure water along with chemicals. One of the key determinants for implementation of this technology is the large scale requirement of fresh water. Unlike US and Europe, India suffers from physical and economic scarcity of water. The six shale gas reserves identified will be facing major water scarcity issues by 2030. Also, the chemicals used along with water contain Benzene, a carcinogen. This contaminated water may pollute surface and underwater bodies and also valuable drinking water...
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...Why is malaria such a problem and how close are we to an effective vaccine for this deadly disease? The problem. It was well over 100 years ago that scientists discovered the cause of malaria as a single-cell parasite called plasmodium but, even today, this life-threatening parasitic disease represents one of the international community’s most pressing public health problems. Malaria is endemic throughout the tropical regions of the world, causing more than 300 million acute illnesses and at least one million deaths each year1 . Children under the age of 5 are particularly prone to infection, and, as a direct result of their immature immunity to disease, make up a dramatic proportion of the deaths each year. In Africa alone (where 90% of all malariaattributed deaths occur) this disease is responsible for the death of one child in 20 before the age of 52. In fact, malaria is the world’s leading cause of childhood mortality, killing one child every 30 seconds3 . Pregnant women and their unborn children are also particularly vulnerable to the disease which contributes to anaemia, premature birth and low birth weight whilst foreign travellers, who have often not developed immunity, represent another high-risk group.4 Malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite, Plasmodium. Four species of Plasmodium can cause the disease in humans: P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malarinae and P.falciparum, which is by far the most deadly. The disease is vector-borne and is transmitted...
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...will indicate the important roles of sea turtles on two sea ecosystem, beaches and marine systems, and negative effects of human activity on the turtle and sea ecosystem. Sea turtles have played vital roles in maintaining the health of the world’s oceans for more than 100 million years. According to Ruckdeschel and Shoop (2006, p.2), there are seven species of sea turtles in the world’s oceans, including flatback, green, hawksbill, Kemp’s ridley, leatherback, loggerhea and olive ridley. The roles of those species consist of maintaining healthy seagrass beds and coralreefs, providing habitat for other marine life, helping to balance marine food webs and facilitating nutrient cycling from water to land. To more specific, there is an influence of sea turtles on seagrass beds. Sea turtles, especially green sea turtles, is an animal eating seagrass. This action of the turtles assist in maintaining the health of the sea grass beds because sea grass needs to be constantly cut short to be healthy and help it grow across the sea floor. Wilson, Miller, Allison & Magliocca. (n.d.). Sea turtles also bring some benefits to Beach Dunes. Sea Turtle Conservancy (2014) has claimed that turtle eggs provide dune plants with the nutrients, which makes dune planes grow up and become stronger. These vital nutrients allow for the...
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...representable by a chemical formula, usually abiogenic, and has an ordered atomic structure. It is different from a rock, which can be an aggregate of minerals or non-minerals and does not have a specific chemical composition. The exact definition of a mineral is under debate, especially with respect to the requirement a valid species be abiogenic, and to a lesser extent with regard to it having an ordered atomic structure. * Know the basic definition of a rock. * In geology, rock is a naturally occurring solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids. For example, the common rock granite is a combination of the quartz, feldspar and biotite minerals. The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock. * Know how atoms of the same element are related. What do they have in common? All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons in the nucleus and consequently have the same atomic number. All atoms of the same neutral element have the same number of electrons as well. Atoms of an element usually have the same number of neutrons as protons. Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons are called isotopes. Isotopes have the same atomic number but different atomic masses. Atoms of an element share that element's chemical and physical properties, such as boiling point, melting point and stability. * Know definitions for the following terms: valence electrons, nucleus, atom, element, ion, and chemical compound. ...
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...Given India’s population of 1.252 billion people, its total $317.5 billion in 2014 exports translates to roughly $254 for every resident in that country. India’s unemployment rate was 4.1% in 2014. Sectors 1. Primary: Agriculture and mining (CIL , National mineral development corporation) 2. Secondary: Industry (Tata motors, Sun pharma industries, Indian Oil Corporation) * Petroleum products and chemicals * Pharmaceuticals * Engineering * Gems and jewellery * Textile * Mining 3. Tertiary: Services (Oracle TCS,Infosys) * Energy and Power * Infrastructure * Retail * Tourism * Banking and finance * Aviation * Information technology COMPOSITION OF EXPORTS Commodity group A) Primary products * Agriculture and allied product :14 * Ores and minerals :2 B) Manufactured goods * Textile including RMG :8.7 * Gems and jewellery :15.4 * Engineering goods :19.3 * Chemical and related goods :13.7 * Leather and leather products :1.7 C) Petroleum crude and products: 18.6...
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... life science, agriculture, medical science, public health, sanitary engineering etc. In broader sense, it is the study of the sources, reactions, transport, effect and fate of chemical species in the air, water and soil and the effect of human activity upon these. Pollutant: A substance present in nature, in greater than natural abundance due to human activity, which ultimately has a detrimental effect on the environment and therefrom on living organisms and mankind. Examples are- lead, mercury, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc. Contaminant: A material which does not occur in nature, but is introduced by human activity into the environment, affecting its composition. A contaminant is classified as a pollutant when it exerts a detrimental effect. Example- chlorine gas Types of Pollution Air Causes of air pollution: * motor vehicle exhaust * power stations * car manufacturing * fertilizer factories * demolishing buildings * solvent evaporation * volcanic eruption * building roads * forest fires Effect of air pollution: Global warming, acid rain, smog, ozone depletion are some effects of air pollution Water Causes of water pollution: * man-made chemicals used in farming * heavy metals * waste from factories * sediment from the river bed * air pollution * thermal (heat) pollution * soil pollution from rubbish dumps Effects of water pollution: The water in the earth’s biosphere is used and reused again...
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...presence in our day to day activities, word about companies profiting in unethical ways travels a lot faster, which In turn forces companies to be diligent in making decisions that won't bring them negative attention or controversy. The company I work for is a company that I am proud to be a part of. I am a customer loyalty specialist for a company called Aptive Environmental. Using 100% organic pesticides Aptive Environmental provides residential and commercial pest control services to over 1000 cities across the nation. Aptive specializes in environmentally safe pest solutions and has partnered with the United Nations Foundation's “Nothing But Nets” to stop the spread of malaria spread by mosquitos. Aptive dedicates a portion of company profits annually to “Nothing But Nets,” providing insecticide-treated bed nets to help save the lives of millions in underdeveloped countries. Furthermore Aptive Environmental remains ethical by giving in to external social pressures because while most pest control companies function with the sole purpose of exterminating unwanted pests at any cost, Aptive environmental is committed to helping protect the world's health from disease-carrying pests while reducing damage to the environment. While Aptive is...
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...Study Guide: Quiz 5 | Quiz Preparation Tasks: | Your Answers and Notes | 10 | The Internally Integrated Human Animal | | 10.1 | The Integrated Human | | | List the names of 10 body systems and the principle role of each in serving the rest of the body. | Muscular system does the work; Skeletal System provides leverage for the muscular system to get you up the stairs; Cardiovascular System services your muscles with nutrients and oxygen, while removing carbon dioxide and other molecular wastes from them; respiratory system supplies oxygen and removes carbon dioxide from the body as a whole; digestive system supplies the nutrients to be brought to the muscle tissues; integumentary system to remove the heat your muscles are generating; nervous system (the sympathetic part) responds to the physical stress you are putting on your body; endocrine system a collection of organs (glands) that secrete hormones into the bloodstream; the hormones in turn control many aspects of the body’s form and function; The wastes being produced by the muscles’ metabolism will be removed by the urinary system; your immune response, produced by the lymphatic system; | | As a student runs up the stairs, which 2 body systems would be most immediate in their support of the muscular system in this activity? | Muscular and Skeletal systems | | As a student runs up the stairs, her ____________ system serves her by providing moisture for evaporation to moderate her body temperature. | Integumentary...
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