...Bangladesh government are trying to bring renewable energy in a competitive package to meet deficiency. But solar energy, mainly for its inefficiency and high cost, is not having much success in a broader aspect. SHSs are capable to maintain only household demand for 4-6 hours. But for the emergence of small enterprises and to boost the rural economy, energy security at countryside has indispensible role. This paper explores rice husk based biomass plant as an alternate energy source to meet the electricity demand of local enterprises, irrigation and rural households. Since the availability of rice husk is at stake, a mixture of biomass (rice husk & saw dust or rice husk & bamboo dust) instead of using only rice husk as fuel is also proposed for electricity generation. Ash generated from the husk is processed to produce silica and calcium carbonate through silica precipitation method. Demand and market analysis is also done to examine sales potential of products (electricity, silica and calcium carbonate). Index Terms—Biomass gasification, Electricity generation by rice husk, Silica By-product generation, Product utilization residues and process residues where field residues are residues that are left in the field after harvesting and generally used as fertilizer. On the other hand, process residues are generated during crop processing, e.g. milling [1]. Between these two types, process residues are usually available at a central location...
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...Bioenergy: Impediments and Plausible Solutions Introduction Biomass resources have been in use for a variety of purposes since ages. Their multitude of uses includes usage as a livestock or for meeting domestic and industrial thermal requirements or for the generation of power to fulfil any electrical or mechanical needs. These resources provide for a clean source of power generation since most of them are considered to be carbon neutral. Their omnipresence makes them a preferred choice for generation of energy, the world over. Considering the case of India alone, biomass has the potential to cater to nearly 15% of the existing 1,60,000 MW power capacity in the country. However, only about 2500 MW of this potential has been exploited so far. Numerous reasons could be sighted towards this ranging from high technological costs, availability of resources to an ever-troubling supply chain management. This article makes an attempt at collating some of the most prominent issues associated with such technologies and provides plausible solutions to most of them in order to seek further promotion of these technologies. Roadblocks The issues enumerated below, are not geography specific and are usually a matter of concern for most of the bioenergy related projects. 1. Large Project Costs: In India, a 1 MW gasification plant usually costs about USD 1-1.5 Million. A combustion based 1 MW plant would need a little more expenditure, to the tune of USD 1-2Million. An anaerobic digestion...
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...Biofuels. Name: Institution: Course: Tutor: Date: A biofuel is made from a biological process known as carbon fixation. These biofuels are gotten from the conversion of biomass, solid biomass, liquid fuels as well as biogases. The biofuels are continued to be known because of the high prices of fossil fuels and also for the purposes of ensuring fuel security in various countries. (Caye, D. & Terry W.2008). The biofuels are produced from two distinct ways; that is through metabolic by-products or from living organisms. Examples of biofuels include; bioethanol which is an alcohol made from fermentation process. Another example of biofuels is biodiesel which is made from vegetable oils as well as animal fats. Biofuels have got several ways in which they are made. Therefore in this essay I am going to analyze few methods. Biofuels are made from materials known as feedstock. This comprises mostly of crops or products mainly waste vegetable oil. (Mitchell, D. 2010). These materials are converted to biofuels or bioenergy. These feedstocks have got merits and demerits depending on what percentage of biofuel can be gotten from them. Feedstocks can further be classified as first and second generation. The former refers to those which are widely grown by people and at the same time used for some other purposes. They are mostly used for food and feed production. (Lane, J. 2010). Hence, they serve the purpose of being used as food as well as to produce biofuels. The examples of first...
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...is important. Coal is a liberally accessible vitality source and coal gasification is an essential approach to deliver fluid powers for transportation and vaporous fills for warming and substance generation. Coal is a solid fuel and hence it is less convenient for storage and transportation than petroleum and natural gas. In addition, it usually holds undesirable compounds containing S, N, and so on. Gasification converts coal into H2, CO, and CH4 by the reaction with gasifying agents such as O2 and H2O. Objective: Conversion of low grade coal to gaseous fuel through entrained flow gasification. Background of Invention: Gasification of biomass has evolved through various stages of development. Since the beginning of this technology many systems have been made to cater the need of ever rising energy supply in the form of thermal energy and syngas. This can used in cooking and transportation. At present both simple and advanced system of gasification are being used, the simple ones are used where there is plenty supply of biomass and efficiency is not a big concern, and advanced systems provide more efficiency and less pollution. Simple systems are generally used in developing nations whereas advanced ones are used in developed nations where health and pollution are big concerns. This technology is also combined with power plant to produce cleaner electricity from solid fuel. The history of Gasification begins as early as 1609 when a...
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...TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES College of Engineering and Architecture ANALYSIS IN tire gasification process for alternative electrical energy Megaminds Alorsabes, Danlor P. | | Assistant | Beltran, Andryn Jill D. | | Hardware & Interface 2 | Calaoagan, Saulo N. | | Software 2 | Corporal, Zarah Minette T. | | Scribe 1 | Mabango, Ma. Sholly Louie Rose S. | | Logistic | Marquez, Justine Anne A. | | Leader | Masanque, Marivic | | Treasurer | Sabello, Irizz B. | | Hardware & Interface 1 | Sugay, Emmanuel Jr. M. | | Software 1 | Tria, Kim Keryll G. | | Scribe 2 | Abstract Renewable energy has been a tough challenge to everyone not only here in the Philippines but for the entire world. This dilemma basically answers a big question of how to produce an alternative energy without sacrificing the environment’s status qou. Last 2008, former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed the Renewable Energy Act of 2008 (Republic Act 9531) which seeks to promote the development of renewable energy resources and its commercialization. It aims to achieve this by providing incentives to institutions that invest in the sector. Sources of renewable energy include the sun, wind, bodies of water, organic matter and the earth’s heat. The campaign for this energy saving and energy producing with a minimal environmental effect has been a trend in today’s rampant consumption of energy generation. In relation to this, the challenge has been shared not only to those...
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...BIOMASS ENERGY POLICY The Policy Vision for Biomass is: To transform traditional biomass energy to modern energy in order to use the available biomass resources sustainably The policy goal for Biomass is: To increase the modern use of biomass energy from 10% to 86% of total energy consumption in Uganda by the year 2020 Table of Contents BIOMASS POLICY 4 1.0 Introduction 4 1.1 Biomass 5 1.1.1 Biomass energy flows 6 1.1.1.1 Forestry 6 1.1.1.2 Agriculture 7 1.1.1.2 Agricultural residues 7 1.1.1.4 Live stock 8 1.1.2 Biogas through anaerobic digestion 10 1.1.3 Biofuels for Transport by fermentation 11 1.1.4 Direct combustion for generation of electricity 12 1.1.5 Pyrolysis 12 1.1.6 Gasification 13 1.1.7 Transesterification 13 1.2 Benefits of using biomass 13 1.3 Barriers to efficient use of Biomass 14 1.4 Advantages of Biomass Energy 15 2.0 THE POLICY VISION, GOAL, PRINCIPLES, OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND TARGETS 17 2.1 The Policy Vision 17 2.2 The Policy Goal 17 2.3 The Key Policy Principles 17 2.4 The Policy Objectives 18 2.5 The Policy Strategies 19 2.5.1 Legal and Institutional Framework 19 2.5.2 Data Acquisition, Information Dissemination (Awareness) and Capacity Building, Monitoring and Evaluation 20 2.5.3 Financing and Fiscal Policy 20 2.5.4 Poverty Eradication, Equitable Distribution, Social Services and Gender 21 2.5.5 Research and Development...
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...GHG emissions. Primary biomass combustion has been the main source of energy for India. According to the Integrated Energy Policy Report (2006), about 80 mtoe is currently used in the rural households. The Ministry of New and Renewable energy has estimated state-wise gross and net availability of agro residue for power generation through Biomass Resource Atlas. Projects based on both biomass combustion and biomass gasification technologies are promoted by the Ministry. Biomass based renewable energy has the potential to be at the forefront in India with the large amount of varied kinds of feedstock available, especially agricultural residues. Such projects will be sustainable with a viable business model. The lessons learnt from DESI Power project has been included in this issue. The recently launched Renewable Global Status Report 2009 is also featured here, which offers an optimistic picture about the global renewable energy industry, including the biomass sector and especially covers India’s Remote Village Electrification program that has been successful and continues to progress steadily. A brief of the Chinese Renewable Energy Policy, including the Biomass Energy Policy is contained in this Issue. A prospective on the future of biomass energy in India, analyzing the barriers and way forward has been presented. Besides agricultural residues, biomass power projects can be made sustainable by linking them with different types of biomass plantation. Details of...
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...A REPORT ON INDIA’S BIOMASS POWER SECTOR SUBMITTED BY RAVI JAIN 1226109240 TO Prof. V.L.RAO IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE COURSE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT POLICY 17th December, 2009 GIIB, Visakhapatnam EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The total installed capacity in India is 1,50,000MW but we are facing a power deficit of around 10%. The per capita power consumption is 665 kWh and this figure is steadily increasing. To meet this increasing demand and reduce the current peak shortage, the Government has planned to double the existing capacity to 3,00,000MW over the next decade (2010-20). BIOMASS POWER SCENARIO India has a biomass availability of 150 million MT per annum which gives us a potential to install 16,000MW of biomass based power plants. But only 600MW is installed and another 600MW is under implementation. To realise this huge potential we need an investment of Rs.1,00,000 crore. Some reasons for lack of investments in Biomass sector are: It costs around Rs.6cr/MW for a Biomass plant whereas a thermal plant requires only about Rs.4.5cr/MW. Availability of Biomass fuel with high calorific value (> 4000kcal/kg) PROMOTIONAL INCENTIVES Accelerated Depreciation 80% in first year (Boiler and Turbine). Income Tax Holiday under Section 80 1A for 10 years. Concessional import duty; excise duty exemptions on equipments & components required for initial setting of the project. Sales tax exemption in some states. IREDA provides loans for biomass power projects. Preferential...
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...ScienceDirect Energy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/energy Oil palm biomass as a sustainable energy source: A Malaysian case study S.H. Shuit, K.T. Tan, K.T. Lee*, A.H. Kamaruddin School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 24 October 2008 Received in revised form 13 May 2009 Accepted 14 May 2009 Available online 13 June 2009 It has been widely accepted worldwide that global warming is by far the greatest threat and challenge in the new millennium. In order to stop global warming and to promote sustainable development, renewable energy is a perfect solution to achieve both targets. Presently million hectares of land in Malaysia is occupied with oil palm plantation generating huge quantities of biomass. In this context, biomass from oil palm industries appears to be a very promising alternative as a source of raw materials including renewable energy in Malaysia. Thus, this paper aims to present current scenario of biomass in Malaysia covering issues on availability and sustainability of feedstock as well as current and possible utilization of oil palm biomass. This paper will also discuss feasibility of some biomass conversion technologies and some ongoing projects in Malaysia related to utilization of oil palm biomass as a source of renewable energy. Based on the findings presented, it is definitely...
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...Electricity Generation by Hybrid Biomass Power Plant From Waste For Bangladesh Md. Rakibul Islam Monshy Department of Electric Engineering & Computer Science North South University, Dhaka Abstract- Hybrid renewable Biomass Power is becoming popular for remote area power generation applications due to advances in renewable energy technologies and subsequent rise in prices of petroleum products. A hybrid energy system usually consists of two or more renewable energy sources used together to provide increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in energy supply. Hybrid renewable energy systems is one of the most promising applications of renewable energy technologies in remote areas, where the cost of grid extension is prohibitive and the price of fossil fuels increase drastically with the remoteness of the location. It has been demonstrated that hybrid energy systems can significantly reduce the total life-cycle cost of stand-alone power supplies in many situations, while at the same time providing a more reliable supply of electricity through the combination of energy sources. Applications of hybrid systems range from small power supplies for remote households providing electricity for lighting or water pumping and water supply to village electrification for remote communities. Mixed combinations of renewable energy systems are also possible, that is applications where different renewable energy technologies are applied in one location without the systems being...
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...A RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD - FUELING THE FUTURE WITH BIOMASS Malathi.N I year MBA, School of Management Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore. ABSTRACT Concerns about the availability and long-term supply of petroleum-derived fuels have caused the search for alternative sources of energy. After a century of unprecedented growth in science, technology, and the economy, we now face tremendous challenges to our ability to fuel the future: a fluctuating oil price, a changing climate, and continued dependence on unreliable energy sources. These problems are increasingly personal, and the demand for solutions becomes increasingly urgent. The ultimate solutions will only come from fundamental innovations in science and technology. Liquid fuels will for some applications be necessary for an indefinite period of time. Therefore, defining relevant feedstocks, producing fuels from these feedstocks and the properties of these fuels are critical issues. The utilization of biomass resources assumes importance due to the soaring crude price and depleting reserves of fossil fuels coupled with the rising environmental concern. Ethanol derived from renewable ligno-cellulosic biomass of non-edible variety has been identified globally as the future solution for meeting the energy demand. Apart from fuel and energy, biomass can also be the source of large number of derivatives. Biomass can be used for fuels, power production, and products that would otherwise be made...
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...My Home-Made Biomass Gasifier Making your own gasifier is easy I've built a lot of alternative energy projects over the years. See my home-built solar panel and wind turbine pages. I've always wanted to build a wood or biomass gasifier too. Why? Well, the internal combustion engine is really an important part of our society and the basis of a lot of our transportation and portable power technology. It isn't going to be going away any time soon. I've mastered making my own electricity from the sun and wind, but that doesn't help my truck go down the road, power the lawn mower, or run my generator on cloudy, windless days. Those all have internal combustion engines, and they all need fuel to run. I finally decided it was time to master making my own fuel. Why pay the Arabs for it if I can make a working substitute myself? So what is A biomass gasifier? Basically is a chemical reactor that converts wood, or other biomass substances, into a combustible gas that can be burned for heating, cooking, or for running an internal combustion engine. This is achieved by partially combusting the biomass in the reactor, and using the heat generated to pyrolyse or thermally break down the rest of the material into volatile gasses. A well built reactor will also convert combustion byproducts like CO2 and water vapor into flammable CO and H2 by passing them over a bed of hot charcoal where they will get reduced. Thus the gasifier converts most of the mass of the wood (or other...
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...Biomass the Energy of Life What is Biomass? Biomass is one of five clean energies sources. Biomass refers to the use of organic material to produce energy. Biomass is organic material that comes from plants and animals, and it is a renewable source of energy. Biomass comes from a variety of sources which include food crops, grassy and woody plants, residues from agriculture or forestry, oil-rich algae, and the organic component of municipal and industrial wastes. Even the fumes from landfills can be used as a biomass energy source ("EIA Energy Kids - Biomass," n.d.). As well as many other forms of energy, the people need to know how biomass is used, the advantages, and disadvantages that it brings people. Biomass hold stored energy from...
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...Biomass Energy Biomass is a renewable energy and it is a natural material. A good example of biomass is wood, it gets burned and the energy can be used for cooking or heating. This essay will be covering aspects about biomass which include: What is biomass? How does biomass work? Different sources of biomass, advantages of biomass and disadvantages of biomass. What is biomass? Biomass is a renewable energy which is derived from living or recently living organisms that has been made into energy.Biomass energy has a life cycle and people are able to regrow theses plants. Biomass could be plants, animal waste, human waste or vegetables. The carbon used to make biomass grow is absorbed from the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (co2) using energy...
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...manager and challenged to turn a synfuels research division into a business, the author spent most time on strategy and very little on people. Yet he soon found he had inherited a number of knotty human resource problems, with middle managers and employees who distrusted each other and — more seriously - the motives of their new top management. In this McKinsey Awardwinning article, he chronicles the events that led him to realize that, without open communication to foster employee trust and display management commitment, even the most sophisticated strategy can come unstuck. In August 1980,1 was named general manager of the newly created Westinghouse Synthetic Fuels Division (SFD). The division's nucleus was a department engaged in coal gasification research and development and supported, in part, by the US Department of Energy. The technology was highly regarded, and the outlook for syntbetic fueis was promising. Oil prices v/ere continuing to rise; worldwide oil shortages were forecast, as were crude oil prices of $100 per barrel; and the Carter administration had just created the Synthetic Fuels Corporation to stimulate the production of synfuels from domestic resources and reduce US dependence on imported oil. Before my assignment at SFD, I had been general manager of a division that marketed turbine generators and related services H. Peaci is v'icc president and general manager of KKW Kncrgy Systems Inc., fbrmi^rjy the Westin^^houst.' Synthetic Kuels Division.. This article...
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