...Life’s paths are guided by a set of rules call Ethics. Ethics are principles that set forth parameters for us to determine what is right or wrong. These parameters define practices that should be performed in our personal and business lives. The Programming Code of Ethics and God’s Ten Commandments are different in nature but possess some similarities. The Programming Code of Ethics speaks against dishonesty. It states that “...never reuse copyrighted code unless the proper license is purchased or permission is obtained” (Programming Code of Ethics). Use of unauthorized copyrighted code is known as copyright infringement. Copyright infringement as defined by copyright holders is theft (Wikipedia.org). God commands us not to steal (Exodus 20:15 KJV). It is immoral to be dishonest. In the Ten Commandments God tell us “Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord thy God in vain; for the Lord will not hold him guiltless that taketh His name in vain” (Exodus 20:7 KJV). This verse tells us we are to be reverence to God and not defame his name. The Programming Code of Ethics has such similarity when it states “…never defame the profession” (Programming Code of Ethics). As professionals we should be loyal and respect the profession. The Programming Code of Ethics also talks about truthfulness. It states “…never maliciously injure the reputation of an employer or members of the development team” (Programming Code of Ethics). God commands that “Thou shalt not bear false...
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...emerged in Europe only in the 18th century, particularly with the Romantic movement. Plagiarism is considered academic dishonesty and a breach of journalistic ethics. It is subject to sanctions like penalties, suspension, and even expulsion. Recently, cases of 'extreme plagiarism' have been identified in academia.[6] Plagiarism is not a crime per se but in academia and industry, it is a serious ethical offense, [7][8] and cases of plagiarism can constitute copyright infringement. Plagiarism is the "wrongful appropriation" and "stealing and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions" and the representation of them as one's own original work.[1][2] The idea remains problematic with unclear definitions and unclear rules.[3][4][5] The modern concept of plagiarism as immoral and originality as an ideal emerged in Europe only in the 18th century, particularly with the Romantic movement. Plagiarism is considered academic dishonesty and a breach of journalistic ethics. It is subject to sanctions like penalties, suspension, and even expulsion. Recently, cases of 'extreme plagiarism' have been identified in academia.[6] Plagiarism is not a crime per se but in academia and industry, it is a serious ethical offense, [7][8] and cases of plagiarism can constitute copyright infringement. Plagiarism is the "wrongful appropriation" and "stealing and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions" and the representation...
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...Cultural consumer and copyright: A case study of anime fan subbing Carlo Valencia BSED 1st year Abstract This paper intends to discuss copyright infringement from consumers’ perspective through looking into anime ‘fan subbing’. Anime fan subbing refers to the participatory consumption in which avid fans copy anime (Japanese animation), translate Japanese to another language, subtitle and release subtitled version on the Internet to share it with other fans, without asking for permission from the copyright holder. The case study of English fan subbing of anime shows that this activity was guided by fan subbers’ own ethics that intended to support the anime industry by self-controlling fan subbed anime. Under the advancement of digital technologies and the increased global connectivity among anime fans, however, the existing ethics have become outdated and thus global distribution of anime is further detached from the industry’s distribution businesses. This paper notes the importance of consumers’ own norms and rules in shaping behavior of copyright infringement. It raises further questions on the relationship between copyright law and consumer ethics. Introduction Amid the rise of creative economy discourse, the issue of copyright is drawing increasing attention from cultural industries, policy makers, civil societies and consumers. Simply put, ‘copyright’ can be defined as a series of exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute a work of artistic...
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...Google also stated that because only portions of the books were published, the individuals that retrieved the books from an online search would not be able to read the books in their entirety. The authors of the books claim that they are losing money, because readers would not pay for an actual book when they can read it online for free. Google may be able to use the precedent set in a similar case involving five universities that collaborated to copy their university's digital library and make it available to each of the five universities. The judge in the university case cited fair use, and exonerated the individuals from copyright infringement. LEGAL ISSUE The main legal issue in this circumstance is copyright infringement. According to copyright law, an author is the creator of the original expression in a work, and the author is the copyright owner (Copyright.gov, 2014). In order to publish, copy, or redistribute a copyrighted work, the publisher needs to have a written agreement from the author. The Author's Guild claims that Google did not have...
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...7 Step Case Analysis Copyright infringement has been a recurrent ethical issue that has revealed its presence in a multitude of industries throughout the realm of business for numerous years now. Of the thousands of products that have been reproduced and distributed without the authorized use of the copyright holder, it can be argued that the downloading of music is one of the most controversial matters pertaining to this era of mass internet usage. One of the most significant examples of such a case can be found in the Napster copyright infringement that occurred early in the twenty-first century. Napster proves to be a unique and worthy example for the reason being that the online file sharing service had been recognized to directly infringe the exclusive rights of artistes by freely distributing their musical projects online. Napster was developed in 1999 by Sean Fanning and Sean Parker, and it served as an independent, internet-based peer-to-peer file sharing service. The service used digital technology that created the opportunity for users to transmit and retain sound recordings. The service quickly gained immense popularity especially among students across the United States, who became the largest proportion of Napster’s subscribers. As Napster’s reputation grew, several recording companies such as A&M via the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) began to contest Napster, in order to regain dominance in the music industry. This...
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...The purpose of this outline is to identify and recognize the Tangible and Intellectual property rights significant to the Information Technology sector. The research should identify what the managers in that industry can do to protect the property rights of the organization, and what the managers in that industry should do to assure that the organization protects the intellectual property rights of others. This will require an understanding of tangible and intellectual property in general, plus research about the tangible and intellectual property issues in the selected industry. Tangible Properties that is significant in the Information Technology sector According to Webster and Dictionary.com Tangible is having actual physical existence, as real estate or chattels, and therefore capable of being assigned a value in monetary terms, capable of being touched, real or actual, rather than imaginary or visionary. According to LAW-531, rEsource Ch 16, Tangible property is the type of property we can see and touch. Delivery trucks, desks, computers, inventory, and the Building and land in which a business is located are all forms of tangible property. Information technology computer hardware includes computers components input keyboards, output screens or monitors, and peripherals including cables, scanners, surge protectors, optical drives, digital imaging equipment, printers, data processing equipment, Fax machines. The IT sector has much to offer in this category...
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...3 Legal, Ethical, and Professional Issues in Information Security Learning Objectives • Upon completion of this material, you should be able to: – Describe the functions of and relationships among laws, regulations, and professional organizations in information security – Differentiate between laws and ethics – Identify major national laws that affect the practice of information security – Explain the role of culture as it applies to ethics in information security Principles of Information Security, 4th Edition 2 Introduction • You must understand scope of an organization’s legal and ethical responsibilities • To minimize liabilities/reduce risks, the information security practitioner must: – Understand current legal environment – Stay current with laws and regulations – Watch for new issues that emerge Principles of Information Security, 4th Edition 3 Law and Ethics in Information Security • Laws: rules that mandate or prohibit certain societal behavior • Ethics: define socially acceptable behavior • Cultural mores: fixed moral attitudes or customs of a particular group; ethics based on these • Laws carry sanctions of a governing authority; ethics do not Principles of Information Security, 4th Edition 4 Organizational Liability and the Need for Counsel • Liability: legal obligation of an entity extending beyond criminal or contract law; includes legal obligation to make restitution • Restitution: to compensate for wrongs committed by an organization...
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...appropriation" and "purloining and publication" of another author's "language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions," and the representation of them as one's own original work.[1][2] The idea remains problematic with unclear definitions and unclear rules.[3][4][5] The modern concept of plagiarism as immoral and originality as anideal emerged in Europe only in the 18th century, particularly with the Romantic movement. Plagiarism is considered academic dishonesty and a breach of journalistic ethics. It is subject to sanctions like expulsion. Plagiarism is not a crime per se but in academia and industry it is a serious ethical offense,[6][7] and cases of plagiarism can constitute copyright infringement. Contents [hide] * 1 Etymology * 2 Legal aspects * 3 In academia and journalism * 3.1 Academia * 3.2 Journalism * 3.3 Sanctions for student plagiarism * 3.4 Self-plagiarism * 3.4.1 The concept of self-plagiarism * 3.4.2 Self-plagiarism and codes of ethics * 3.4.3 Factors that justify reuse * 3.5 Organizational publications * 4 In the arts * 4.1 Plagiarism and the history of art * 4.2 Praisings of artistic plagiarism * 5 In other contexts * 5.1 Plagiarism on the Internet * 6 See also * 7 Notes * 8 References * 9 Further reading * 10 External links ------------------------------------------------- Etymology[edit] In the 1st century, the use of the Latin word plagiarius (literally kidnapper)...
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...Running head: ETHICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Ethics of Intellectual Property CIS 324 Computer Ethics Term Paper Ethics of Intellectual Property In the short time that computers and internet have existed in the modern era, the world has seen a complete 360 degree turn and in the various forms of electronic entertainment that people all over the world are now using. In the days before CD’s, DVD’s and the internet, not much was said if a vinyl album, VHS cassette or an audio cassette was loaned to a friend for their listening or viewing pleasure, but today with the availability of sending an email with three or four megabytes of information, one can enjoy a borrowed song but is assumed that it is piracy or stealing. Is this a fair assumption? This paper will discuss both sides Intellectual Property of Peer to Peer (P2P) downloading and sharing issues and let the reader form their own opinions. . Peer To Peer Downloading and Sharing Definition and History “Peer-to-Peer” technology, what is meant when this phrase is mentioned in the world of electronic entertainment or computers? Usually in today’s environment, this phrase has a negative connotation assigned to it, but this phrase deserves a deeper investigation into all aspects of the concept. Peer-to-Peer technology is defined by the textbook of this class as “technology which permits easy transfer of files over the Internet by large numbers of strangers without a centralized system or service.” (Baas, 2008) When this...
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...encyclopedias” (114). With such a vast array of multimedia products and their producer’s intent to multi-purpose each venue for optimal revenue, legal issues loom ever larger over intellectual property (IP) rights and copyrighted material ownership. Peach discusses several legal matters affecting the production of multimedia use, including ethics considerations and blatant unauthorized usage. Anytime a multimedia producer incorporates unauthorized material into a production or product, copyright infringement almost always results. The author ascribes such infringements to ignorance – many by thinking that “…because it is technologically possible… it must be legal” or the blatant choice to ignore copyright processes and requirements (115). Peach warns that technological marvels are no excuse for such violation; legal remedies exist for such infringements and are often sought to protect the ownership rights to such materials. During the process of obtaining fair use permissions or clearances, responsibility rests on both sides of the process – the one who wishes to borrow media and the one who must grant permission to do so. The copyright owner must establish that he or she has the right to grant license to use; if the material is original with the owner, of course, such licensing is direct but if this producer has incorporated others’ materials into...
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...pleta, Latin plectere, all meaning "to weave"). Legal aspects Although plagiarism in some contexts is considered theft or stealing, the concept does not exist in a legal sense. "Plagiarism" is not mentioned in any current statute, either criminal or civil.[11][8] Some cases may be treated as unfair competition or a violation of the doctrine of moral rights.[8] The increased availability of intellectual property due to a rise in technology has furthered the debate as to whether copyright offences are criminal.[citation needed] In short, people are asked to use the guideline, "...if you did not write it yourself, you must give credit."[12] Plagiarism is not the same as copyright infringement. While both terms may apply to a particular act, they are different concepts, and false claims of authorship may constitute plagiarism regardless of whether the material is protected by copyright. Copyright infringement is a violation of the rights of a copyright holder, when material whose use is restricted by copyright is used without consent. Plagiarism, in contrast, is concerned with the unearned increment to the plagiarizing author's reputation that is achieved through false claims of authorship. Thus, plagiarism is considered...
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...taken an interest in the ethics dealing with intellectual property, this despite societies continued debate over “fair use” of copyrighted materials. We justify copy and paste forgoing old set standards of how we give credit for intellectual achievement in lieu of convenience. One has to wonder as technology continues to advance and copyrighting laws become diluted that music and art available via the internet will be of any commercial value. Intellectual Property-Music and Art and Fair Use I. Intellectual Property a. What is IP? b. How has technology affected IP? c. What laws protect IP? II. Music & Art work a. How has broadband changed the music industry? b. How is it so easy to copy and paste someone else’s work? 1. Does citing a source give one the permission to use? 2. What laws govern copyright? III. Fair Use a. What is fair use? b. How does fair use fit with copyright law? c. How does the court know if a use is fair? . IV. Moving forward a. Advancing Technology vs. Copyright laws b. Artistry vs. Commercial reward What is Intellectual Property? Intellectual Property By definition intellectual property IP, is all products derived of human intellect that the law protects from unauthorized usage. Ownership creates a limited monopoly innately of this protected property. Intellectual property consists of four categories they are Copyrights, Patents, trademarks and...
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...Ethical Issues in Business Nathaniel Andrews Langston University November 14, 2011 Ethical Issues In Business Ethics and moral obligation are something that we all encounter at one time or another. Even in a professional setting, all persons should act in a manner that would uphold the good of society. Why is it that good, ethical and moral behavior is not always adhered to? Is it because some people do not understand ethics and what it means to be ethical? To be ethical, one has to decide between right and wrong, determine what is for the betterment of society and act accordingly. Ethics have three basic criteria that must be met obligations, moral ideas, and consequences. Businesses have their own code of ethics and the individuals within that business have to determine whether or not they will follow that code of ethics. Ethical behavior in business is consistent with the principles, norms, and standards of business practice that have been agreed upon by society. At times, however, an individual decides to go against the code of ethical behavior for personal gain. The term patent usually refers to an exclusive right granted to anyone who invents any new, useful, and non-obvious process, machine, article of manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement thereof, and claims that right in a formal patent application. The additional qualification utility patent is used in the United States to distinguish it from other types of patents (e.g. design...
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...different users, she plans to limit the website to just US consumers but also hopes with the start of the website her product will be made successful all over the world( Schneider, 2007, p-348). Most of Ellen’s illustrations are copyrighted from her books, and once her website is running and online Ellen plans on offering those copyrighted materials to her registered users on the website, with that said problems will arise when it comes to intellectual property and the operation of the website. The issues that will arise while operating the website would be copyright infringement, trademark frauds and trademark infringement (Schneider, 2007, p-348). What is copyright infringement? When some one steals an artist work or music or picture of the internet they are breaking the law of copyright. Copyright usually gives the owner of the artwork, music and picture the right to protect their work from the so called thieves. Copyright laws will protect work of authorship but the work has to meet three major rules. The work must be an original, it must be expressed on paper hence making it tangible and it must be creative (Stim, 2009, p 190). In Ellen Carson’s case the books and illustration are original and once the work is put on the...
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...Technology Acts Dionne Grace BIS/220 October 7, 2013 Bardwell White Technology Acts Ethics in short is moral; it is the principles that dictate a group’s or individual’s behavior. It is not only used in the personal lives of people, but it is also used in the life of business. This paper will give a brief description of advances in information technology as it relates to ethical issues and the development of two acts: Children’s Internet Protection Act- 2000, and No Electronic Theft (NET) Act- 1997. Children’s Internet Protection Act The internet has become a very critical tool for children’s learning and success. It has become a threshold to a variety of expression and skills; however, while positive avenues are available to children via internet so are negative. Children are exposed to inappropriate material and materials that can be potentially harmful: promotion of violence, hate sites, pornography, etc… According to Department of Commerce (2003), “In October 2000, Congress passed the Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA), which requires schools and libraries that receive federal funds for discounted telecommunications, internet access, or internal connections services to adopt an internet safety policy and employ technological protections that block or filter certain visual depictions deemed obscene, pornographic, or harmful to minors” (para. 3). This implementation was successful after previous Congressional attempts to protect children...
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