...Zack Todd Dr. Detwiller Religions in America/ 2 October 5, 2016 Zionism Zionism was founded by Theodor Herzl in 1896. It is a nationalist movement where the goal is to return Jewish people to the land of Zion, which is the same as Jerusalem (“What is”). It also formed out of Anti-Semitism because Herzl argued that if Jews wanted to escape conflict, then they should set up a society in one place rather than spread out all over the world (Britanica). Herzl was born May 2, 1860 in Budapest, Hungary and died July 3, 1904. In 1878, his family moved to Vienna, Austria and he earned his Doctorate of Law at the University of Vienna in 1884 (Theador). He encountered anti-Semitism in Paris and wrote a play about it. This would ultimately shape some key ideas in Zionism later (Theador)....
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...From Ethnic Conflict to Genocide Individuals are mostly identified by their religion, culture, race and most importantly, their ethnicity. They would be labeled by what country or race they represent. Over the past decades, many ethnic conflicts have occurred and are still occurring in the world today due to political reasoning. When there are at least two ethnic communities called multiethnic or multisectarian, who realize they cannot form their own independent countries, they would change their geographical locations. But there is no guarantee that both ethnic groups will solve their conflicts by moving in different parts of the region. Each ethnic group competes for power, authority, resources and political independence, which lead up to deep conflicts between ethnic groups and even dehumanization. Each ethnic conflict is associated with deep emotions such as hatred, bitterness, resentment, anger and aggression. Political leaders play a significant role in identifying ethnicities. Such leaders commit violent acts for the sake of their group and victimize their followers. There are also political extremists who are only self-concerned and tend to disregard others’ lives through horrific actions. According to political psychologists, extremists have a variety of personal characteristics. They are not mentally sick. They are insane and are capable of evil behavior because they do not have any empathy for anybody. In Milgram’s experiment on power of authority, personality...
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...past six decades can be separated into two schools of thought: the “special relationship paradigm,” and “national interest orientation.” The United States chose to be the first to recognize the State of Israel because at the time in 1948, and until today, the US Government believed that it shares certain common values and political aims. Under the special relationship paradigm, which still serves today as the basis of US support of Israel, the Truman Administration felt that Israel, like the US, held a pioneering spirit, was composed of a heterogeneous social composition, and shared its democratic values. The national interest orientation emerged over time and included shared goals such as mitigating the Arab-Israeli conflict, maintaining Western access to Middle Eastern Oil, the fight against Islamic Fundamentalism, and with Israel in place, the US was guaranteed maintained...
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...John Foster Dr. Tucker Comparative Religions 4/30/12 Option 3 Judaism Judaism is the original of the three Abrahamic faiths; these faiths include Christianity and Islam. Judaism started in the Middle East over 35000 years ago. There has been somewhat of an argument to who founded Judaism, many believe Moses was the founder, but Jews have traced their history back to see that Abraham could have been the founder. Jews believe and have faith that there is only one God and they feel they have a covenant with that God. What the Jews mean by covenant is “the covenant between God and Jews is the basis for the idea of the Jews as the chosen people.” Roman Times There was a certain time period where the Jewish People pretty much governed themselves and were able to come to peace with the Roman Empire. “But internal divisions weakened the Jewish kingdom and allowed the Romans to establish control in 63 BCE.” After this the Jewish people were being taxed and “oppressed” by a series of rulers who pretty much forgot and did not care for the practice of Judaism. At the time the priests or “Sadducees” were friends or allies with the rulers and forgot who they really were. After this the Jews turned to the Pharisees or scribes, these people were also called Rabbis, which means teachers. When the Rabbis came in they encouraged the Jewish people to look at new ethical laws in all aspects of like, and look at a cycle of prayer and festivals in the home and at synagogues. History from...
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...Clinton convinced the two states to agree on their borders, but the only flaw was who would Jerusalem belong to. This proves that the only viable option is a one state solution. This conflict has been going on for decades, this tension between Israel and Palestine dates back to the beginning of the Holocaust. The problem then was that there was a Zionist movement at the beginning of the Holocaust where all of the wealthy Jews living in Germany began to flee sp they could avoid the terror of Germany at that time. The place they fled to is now modern day Israel. At first the Palestinians were “okay” with them coming into the country because they thought that they would eventually leave and go back to where they came from. They soon found that to be very wrong. In 1947, everything took a turn for the worst for Palestinians. That year Israel was finally seen by the United Nations as their own independent state. That year was also when Israel had taken half of the country from Palestinians with their continuously growing population. Some of the problems that they were having in the past were just the fact that the Jews just were not leaving and also the Israeli believe that it was their land and the Palestinian claim they were there first. The longest last problem is also the key to the conflict—who would control Jerusalem? Since the time the Jews moved into their land, they have been arguing this point and it could easily be resolved if there was a one...
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...2. ‘The issue of territory has remained the key stumbling block to a peaceful resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict.’ How accurate is this statement? The Arab-Israeli conflict refers to the political tensions and open hostilities between the Arab peoples and the Jewish community of the Middle East that have lasted for decades. The conflict, which started as a political and nationalist conflict over competing territorial ambitions has become highly protracted and other issues such as the rise in terrorist organizations and its role in the Cold War arena have became stumbling blocks to a peaceful resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict. Nevertheless, the issue of territory is the main reason that hindered the peace progress because of the unwillingness of all parties to make concessions on territories, which stalled all peace talks. The issue of territory is the key stumbling block to a peaceful resolution of the Arab-Israeli conflict due to competing territorial ambitions between Palestine-Arabs, Israelis and the Arab nations, that made the conflict intractable. Little compromises could be made on territorial issues as it involves the sovereignty of the state. The city of Jerusalem was also a much sought after territory due to its religious significance to both the Jews and Muslims. During the first Arab-Israel war of 1948, Israel managed to expand her territory beyond what was previously stated in the Partition Plan by 21% through the act of driving out the Arabs and...
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...The Holocaust is the most recognizable event of Jewish oppression; however, most people are unaware that anti-semitism existed centuries before that. In fact, it is known as “The Longest Hatred” (ADL). From the Bible ages to the 21st century, Jews have faced ethnic and religious inequity, otherwise known as anti-semitism. Repeating conflictions revive this ongoing topic, preventing the end of its partiality. Anti-semitism is truly an extensive bout of oppression, and it has impacted acts of violence in this era by introducing new methods of discrimination, enemies, and increased bigotry. The definition and origins of a Semite must be explicated before diving into anti-semitism itself. According to Esra Özyürek, a Semite is “a member of any of the peoples who speak or spoke a Semitic language, including in particular the Jews and Arabs” (40). To clarify, Semitic languages include Arabic and Hebrew, which are the most common. Semites originated and are still predominant in the Middle Eastern region, spreading from the coast of Syria to Iran (Özyürek 40). Jewish oppression dates from antiquity. During the Bible era, specifically in 586 B.C.E, 10,000 families were captured by the Neo-Babylonian Empire (ADL). Subsequently, 12,000 Jews died as a result of...
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...1. Introduction When I visited Yad Vashem 2 years ago, I felt strong horror and sadness by the exhibitions and video of holocaust. Al though I knew the history of antisemitism and holocaust, it was totally a new shock to see the whole story with real pictures and videos, and listen to the experience of a holocaust survivor in person, as I could not help imagining what and how Jews in Europe were feeling under the strongly oppressive circumstances before the second world war. However, I also found it somewhat unnatural how the whole story is composed from the antisemitism, holocaust to the establishment of Israel. I felt as if the whole exhibition tries to justify the establishment and existence of the state of Israel, by making use of the history, which anyone cannot deny its sadness and evilness. In addition, although the tragedy of holocaust occurred in Europe, the museum itself stands in Jerusalem, as if it is a quite natural consequence of the tragedy of Jewish people to establish a state in the Middle East, not in Europe. Therefore, I will argue the gap between what the Israeli government insist based on the history to justify establishment of its state and its existence, and how the Jewish people in Israel and Europe feel in their real lives, especially young generations who are relatively far from...
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...Hillary Clinton on the Arab Israel conflict Hillary Clinton is the former First Lady , and Secretary of State of USA. Clinton has stated that she is "an emphatic, unwavering supporter of Israel's safety and security." She had been playing an important role in the Arab-Israeli conflict. The Arab-Israeli conflict is mainly about the land of Palestine, which is now Israel for the most part. Many Holocaust survivors run off to Palestine after the WWII end. They want to claim Palestine their homeland and build an only-Jewish country. But the some Arabs, who are Muslims, had been in the Palestinian territory for several decades, and none of them want to lose their home. On the other hand, the Jewish people said that this land originally belongs to them so they have the right to claim it themselves. The UN and US have been trying to settle the peace between these two ethnic groups, and it did not go well. Mrs. Clinton said that she "show[s] solidarity and support for Israel", because Israel people are standing for "American values."...
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...general act of genocide. A further sub category of this part will introduce the role played by United Nations in minimizing genocide. The second section will be substantial in analyzing past genocide events; courtesy of three relevant examples, Cambodia, Sri Lanka and Rwanda. In this section, the document will examine the various roles played by United Nations in fueling the genocide. The third section will examine 21 century events, and how United Nations has chosen a back player in preventing the occurrences of these genocides. The secondary section will attempt to examine the role played by International Criminal Court and how it has been challenged in limiting genocide events. Background Research has attempted relate the end of the holocaust and the emergence of non-allied political movements and arms race to contemporary genocide. Besides, a close consideration of this discussion is the commencement of 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and how they took center stage in political philosophy. Primarily, the global community was integral in empowering the UDHR. The discussion will on category attempt to examine how UDHR was...
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...WHEN ANSWERING SIMILAR QUESTIONS IN THEIR OWN STUDIES. The confrontation between the Jewish state and its Arab neighbours is one of the most enduring and iconic conflicts that still persist today. Many scholars have argued that ‘for the best part of a century the Arab-Israeli conflict has been a complex problem with important ramifications for the international community’[1] – and this is in many ways the truth. Created out of the ashes of the Second World War under the awful spectre of the Nazi Holocaust, Israel as a nation has survived and prospered both politically and economically, in no small part due to Western – primarily French and American – assistance. The Arab states have correspondingly been opposed to America and the West based on this implied support for Israel and has therefore turned to different stratagems in an attempt to combat this alliance – such as balancing with the USSR during the Cold War and increasingly using its market power (derived from the various oil reserves in the region) to further its political aims in the two decades since the Iron Curtain fell. Into this context there were two major (albeit rather short) wars – the Six Day War of 5-10 June 1967 and the Yom Kippur War of October 1973. Decisive, cataclysmic and dramatic, these two conflagrations have in many ways defined the conflict as it is today. But what were the main strategic and political consequences of these two wars? This essay will attempt to answer that question by examining...
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...the history of the Jewish people and Palestinians. Since the death of Yasser Arafat on the 11th of November 2004, and the election of Mahmoud Abbas as his successor as leader of the Palestinian Authority, significant steps have been taken towards a lasting peace. This will hopefully lead to a conclusion of the second Palestinian intifada, which began in late September 2000, and to an end of the oppression of the Palestinian people by the Israeli Defense Forces. Both Jews and Arabs have suffered heavily from the conflict, thousands of innocent civilians have died on both sides, and peace is in the interests of all. History of the Conflict The disputed territory that has been alternately referred to as Palestine and Israel is relatively small, the total area is only roughly 22 000 square kilometers. It is bordered by Jordan on the East, Lebanon on the North, Egypt and the Mediterranean Ocean on the West, and shares 76 kilometers of border with Syria in the North East. The two disputed territories that are occupied by the Israeli Army but under the autonomous control of the Palestinian Authority are the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. These two territories amount to roughly 6400 square kilometers, the West Bank makes up the majority of this area – it amounts to 6000 square kilometers in the Eastern part of the country and borders the nation of Jordan. Jews have long considered Israel to be their national home. They consider it to be a Holy Land, or a Promised Land – they believe...
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...order to create a homeland for the international Jewish community, part of Palestine had to be carved out for this to become a reality. As a result, the existence of Israel has caused a great deal of resentment from Arabs, in particular Palestinian Arabs who felt that their homeland was stolen from them by outsiders. This has led to ongoing communal fighting between Jews and Arabs which has expressed itself in suicide bombing and even outright warfare. The fighting between these two sides probably won’t end anytime soon unless one side or the other leaves Palestine, which probably isn’t going to happen. This essay will list three scenarios that led to the creation of Israel that will probably help give a better understanding of the communal conflict that we see between Jews and Arabs. One factor that lead to the creation of Israel is Theodore Herzl. Theodore Herzl was not the creator of Zionism in general as there were people in the Zionist movement before him, however he did create the global Zionist movement through a book he wrote titled the The Jewish State that called for a Jewish nation-state in Palestine. Herzl’s actions allowed the movement overtime to gain a great deal of support from the international Jewish community and the political and financial backing it needed in order to further the Jewish agenda (Yambert 91). The origins of Herzl’s creation of the global Zionist movement was his disgust of the treatment of a Jewish army officer in the French military who was wrongly...
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...“The life where nothing was ever unexpected. Or inconvenient. Or unusual. The life without color, pain or past.” (Lois Lowry). This quote defines a dystopia. A dystopia is an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environmentally degraded one. On the other side is a utopia where everything is perfect. They both relate to each other as they are an imagined place or state. There are tons of problems in the world today. One of them being pollution. Pollution has caused problems for everyone. Fishes and sea creatures are being affected because of water pollution, air pollution causing millions of people their lives. The Sulfur Dioxide emissions engender acid rain and prompt chronic respiratory disease. Lung cancer, heart disease, even damage to the brain nerves, liver or kidneys. To fix these problems I should purpose zero emission cars, prohibiting the use of cars running on diesel or petrol. Zero emission cars run on electricity produce no air pollution and noise pollution. Also banning the use of natural resources that can cause pollution and using wind and water to generate electricity. These raw materials are harmful and can run out. On the other hand Wind and Water power are a great source for generating energy at a low cost infinitely. Another issue that exists in our community is shortage of money for a lot of people. Money is the current medium of exchange in the form of coins and banknotes; coins and...
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...The Israeli’s and Palestinians have been fighting over control of the same piece of land for nearly a century. (“The Mideast: A Century of Conflict”). The fighting has been relentless, taking devastating tolls on both the Israeli peoples and the Palestinian peoples. The constant violence and killing has only remained a fuel for the hatred and blood thirsty motivation against one another. This conflict has torn families apart, ruined ties between two groups of people, and put the rest of the world in difficult position, as well as their neighboring countries, due to the fact that no one knows how to help. How do you calmly and efficiently resolve an issue that has ensued for over one hundred years? Which there lies another portion of the problem....
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