...years.” Relying solely on Social Security benefits to fund your retirement will place your financial security at risk. Organization: Order of importance. Purpose and audience: To show a solid financial plan for retirement is possible at any age, and the importance of not relying on Social Security as a sole means of taking care of day-to-day expenses. This essay is intended for an audience interested in learning how to make wise choices for their retirement, especially those who are planning to rely on Social Security benefits only. I. Relying solely on Social Security to fund for retirement may be a recipe for financial failure. A. Current research states the Social Security fund may be depleted of funds by the time most people are ready to retire in the next ten (10) years. B. Provide government statistics indicating current rate of payouts as opposed to program’s available funds. C. Current economic research showing of increasing cost of living expenses versus Social Security benefit increases, or lack thereof. II. Relying solely on Social Security benefits can have other far-reaching effects on a retiree’s physical and mental well-being. A. Government statistics show factual relationship of retirees relying solely on Social Security benefits and poverty. B. U.S. Department of Health statistics show...
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...Statistics are the use of data to classify, organize, analyzing, summarize, and collecting numerical information in large quantities. There are actually only two different types of statistics. Statistics are the collection of data, and the organization of the data. The two types of statistics that can be used are qualitative and quantitative ("What Are The Different Type Of Statistics", n.d). The other names for qualitative and quantitative are inferential statistics and Descriptive statistics. The Qualitative method deals with descriptions in which the data observed not measured, which includes colors, textures, smell, tastes, and appearance. The Quantitative method uses numbers. The data measured, like the length, height, area, volume, time etc The levels of statistics are nominal in which objects have names or labels. When the data is in order, the name is the ordinal level. The interval level shows where the difference between data has a meaning. The last one the ratio level where the ratio has a meaning and a natural zero starting point. The role of statistics in business decision making is very vital to businesses is because the data provided helps make sure of less mistakes. Statistical analysis of a representative group of consumers can provide a reasonably accurate, cost-effective snapshot of the market with faster and cheaper statistics than attempting a census of very single customer a company may ever deal with. The statistics can also afford leadership an...
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...Fundamentals of Statistics Ellen Johnson American InterContinental University Abstract In this paper I will be selecting qualitative data and quantitative data. I will identify the data I selected. I will explain why the data was selected. I will explain what was learned by examining these data set. Will explain why charts\graphs are important in conveying information in a visual format and why standard deviavartion are important. Introduction Remember to always indent the first line of a paragraph (use the tab key). The introduction should be short (2-3 sentences). The margins, font size, spacing, and font type (italics or plain) are set in APA format. While you may change the names of the headings and subheadings, do not change the font or style of font. Chosen Variables Introduce the variables that you chose to analyze and why you made that choice. Please remember you are limited to the choice of Gender or Position for your qualitative variable, and Intrinsic or Extrinsic for your quantitative variable. Difference in variable types Explain In your own words the difference between qualitative and quantitative variables. Which descriptive statistics are appropriate for qualitative variables and which are appropriate for quantitative variables and why? Descriptive statistics: Qualitative variable Copy/Paste appropriate descriptive statistics from Excel here for your qualitative variable Explanation of descriptive statistics Explain what...
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...possibilities, it is statistics that is relied upon to find solutions to the problems and help determine what possibilities are truly feasible. Statistics may be best defined as the means by which data is gathered, analyzed, and interpreted to better understand a problem or situation. There are two types of data that can be analyzed in statistics. These are quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data deals with actual numbers and percentages, things that can be measured. Qualitative data deals with things which cannot be measured, but only perceived, such as color, texture, or odor. For example, one may say that a painting’s dimensions are 15” by 20”. This is quantitative data. One may then say that the painting’s primary color used is yellow. This is qualitative data. Quantitative data deals with quantity, where qualitative data deals with quality. There are four levels of measuring data in statistics. These levels are, in ascending order of specificity: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Nominal levels of measurement deal with names and categories. Ordinal levels deal with ordering the data, but no distinguishing observations can be made. On the interval level, data can be ordered in a way that does make sense and make a difference in perception. At the ratio level, meaningful ratios can be made to represent the data at hand. For example, distance works on a ratio level. In business, statistics plays a vital role in the decision making process. Statistics help see the...
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...Course outline for MBA (PT) Course name: Statistics Analysis for Business Decisions | Course Code: | Term: Trimester I (Operations Management & Decision Science) | Course Objective:To familiarize the participants on the following: (a) Descriptive Statistics - Concepts / Applications(b) Inferential Statistics – Concepts / Applications(c) Scope and Limitation of Use | Evaluation Criteria: Mid Term Test: 30 marks Test 2 / Quiz: 10 marks Test 3 / Quiz: 10 marks End Term Exam: 50 marks | Faculty: Prof. (Dr.) Tohid Kachwala (email contact tkachwala@nmims.edu, Cabin number: 729, Mobile: 9869166393, Extension: 5871) | Pedagogy: 1. Use of problem solving for all the topics. 2. Use of Statistics in Practice / Case lets / Case studies. 3. Use of Software like Excel / SPSS. | Session Outline: | Session | Topic / Description | 1 | Introduction to Probability – Experiments, Assigning Probabilities, Some basic relationships of Probability Read ASW Chapter 4 or LR Chapter 4 | 2 | Theories of Probability - Classical theory, Relative Frequency theory, Axioms, Addition rule, Multiplication rule, Rule of at least one, Concept of Expected number of Success – Numerical Problems & Applications Case Problem: Hamilton County JudgesSIP: Morton International - Chicago, Illinois Read ASW Chapter 4 or LR Chapter 4 | 3 | Bayes Theorem – Theory, Problems & Applications, Probability revision using tabular...
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...Unit 1 - Fundamentals of Statistics Awilda Luciano American InterContinental University Abstract This report will show how data is analyzed by using measures of central tendency and will include the mean, median, and mode. These are various ways to report averages. In addition will also discuss the ranges of results and how they are dispersed. This is call variance or standard deviation (Bluman, 2010). Introduction Researchers in the United States and around the world are to study job satisfaction that will provide insight into employee behavior and attitudes toward their overall job satisfaction. They will take into consideration intrinsic and extrinsic values, and benefits. This will ultimately determine in which areas are in need of more dedication to strengthen the firm’s bottom line. Chosen Variables For this study we would use the qualitative variable of position and the quantitative variable being intrinsic. It would be interesting to see if hourly employees, who are offered overtime are more or less satisfied with the work they do as opposed to employees who do not work overtime. Difference in variable types Qualitative variables are numbers used to categorize the variables. They do not provide numeric value. More so it is used to code, for example in a legend (key) on a data spreadsheet they have categorized males as 1, and females as 2. Therefore in the chart column labeled gender each “1” indicate one male and the same is true for females...
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...Quality & Quantity (2006) 40:661–674 DOI 10.1007/s11135-005-2072-7 © Springer 2006 Research Note Factors Related to the Academic Performance of Students in the Statistics Course in Psychology ` ´ JOAN GUARDIA∗ , MONTSERRAT FREIXA, MARIBEL PERO, JAUME TURBANY, ANTONIO COSCULLUELA, MAITE BARRIOS ` and XAVIER RIFA Dept. de Metodologia de les Ci` ncies del Comportament, Facultat de Psicologia, Divisi´ de e o Ci` ncies de la Salut (IV), Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 171, 08035 e Barcelona, Spain Abstract. Many studies have examined the factors that influence academic performance in primary and secondary education as well as at university, with the purpose of enhancing learning at these stages and reducing drop-out rates. It is within this research framework that we want to emphasise the deficient performance of students enrolled on the statistics course in the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Barcelona. Consequently, this paper attempts to determine the factors that affect student performance in this subject by undertaking an analysis of a structural equation model and determining its stability over time. In order to accomplish our objective, we worked with two samples of students enrolled statistics classes. The first group comprised 211 students enrolled in the academic year 2000– 2001, while the second comprised 287 students enrolled in the academic year 2001–2002. By administering a questionnaire, we obtained information concerning...
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...__________________________________ LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Date: January 04, 2011 Lecturer, School of Business North South University Subject: Submission of survey Report on Appy Fizz and Grappo Fizz. It is a great pleasure and privilege for me to present the Internship report titled “APPY FIZZ and GRAPPO FIZZ market in Bangladesh” which was assigned to me as a working requirement for the completion of Internship Program. Throughout the study I have tried my level best to accommodate as much information and relevant issues as possible and tried to follow the instructions as you have suggested. I tried my best to make this report as much informative as possible. I sincerely believe that it will satisfy your requirements. I however sincerely believe that this report will serve the purpose of my internee program. I am grateful to you for your guidance and kind cooperation at every step of my endeavor on this report. I shall remain deeply grateful if you kindly take some pan to go through the report and evaluate my performance. My effort will be reworded only if it adds value to the research literature. Sincerely yours, _______________________________________ACKNOWDGEMENT First of all, I wish to thank the Almighty Allah, the Supreme Authority of the universe for immeasurable Grace and profound Kindness that he has bestowed on me for completing this valuable work. Successful completion of any course requires support from various persons. I have been...
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...Quality & Quantity (2006) 40:661–674 DOI 10.1007/s11135-005-2072-7 © Springer 2006 Research Note Factors Related to the Academic Performance of Students in the Statistics Course in Psychology ` ´ JOAN GUARDIA∗ , MONTSERRAT FREIXA, MARIBEL PERO, JAUME TURBANY, ANTONIO COSCULLUELA, MAITE BARRIOS ` and XAVIER RIFA Dept. de Metodologia de les Ci` ncies del Comportament, Facultat de Psicologia, Divisi´ de e o Ci` ncies de la Salut (IV), Universitat de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d’Hebron, 171, 08035 e Barcelona, Spain Abstract. Many studies have examined the factors that influence academic performance in primary and secondary education as well as at university, with the purpose of enhancing learning at these stages and reducing drop-out rates. It is within this research framework that we want to emphasise the deficient performance of students enrolled on the statistics course in the Faculty of Psychology at the University of Barcelona. Consequently, this paper attempts to determine the factors that affect student performance in this subject by undertaking an analysis of a structural equation model and determining its stability over time. In order to accomplish our objective, we worked with two samples of students enrolled statistics classes. The first group comprised 211 students enrolled in the academic year 2000– 2001, while the second comprised 287 students enrolled in the academic year 2001–2002. By administering a questionnaire, we obtained information concerning...
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...BADB2013 BUSINESS STATISTICS Semester : September2014 Course Leader : Zainora Hayat Hudi @ Jahit Office Location : Faculty of Business and Information Technology Level 12, Tierra Crest, Jalan SS6/3 Kelana Jaya, 47301 Petaling Jaya, Selangor Telephone : 603-76277388 E-mail : zainora@unitar.my Consultation Hours : Wednesday 2.30pm – 4.30pm, Thursday 2.30pm-4.30pm OR by appointment Course Synopsis Business Statistics is the science of collecting, organizing, and summarizing data to provide information, stated in numerical form, for the purpose of making objective business decisions. Descriptive statistics will be the focus of the course with an abbreviated introduction to inferentialstatistics. Topics include the foundations of statistical methods of sampling, classifying, analyzing, and presenting numerical data; frequency and sampling distributions, averages, dispersion, hypothesis testing, and analyzing up to two populations and population proportions. The course will employ the use of an online statistics learning system for problem assignments, in conjunction with the text and lectures, in completing course coverage of each statistics topic. Course Objectives The goal of this course is to introduce students to the applications of statistics in business. Students should be able to appreciate the need for learning statistics and its importance in the real life business applications Learning Outcomes At the end of the course, students are able: 1. Prepare...
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...perception of the government’s role, and the importance government regulation has when it comes to the medical industry. I scored with the majority of the students when it came to describing the roles of biostatics serves in the discipline of public health. I found it to be of low/medium importance level. I do feel there is a need for biostatistics however; it is one of the concepts that does not play in my mind on a daily basis and it seems like most of the other students would agree. It tends to only strike me as important when it is on a national, worldwide, or has gained the importance of the media or news. I also scored with the majority of the class when it came to the statistical concepts as well. I do feel that averages and statically concepts can be very helpful when it comes to the impact that things health wise can have on the human population. When it comes to statistic the number can be manipulated pretty easily to portray whatever picture that people want. That does not mean is what is always being done, but I think is a large reason why as a class we generally find a low importance on it. For example, drug companies do a great job using statistics to show how great their products are with helping the world’s health problems. What the drug companies do not rave about is the other side effects their new medication cause to solve a different problem. However, again it is not something that gets placed a high importance until it becomes relevant news again in the public...
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...Statistics in Business Amy Lawrence Qnt/275 04/04/16 Cynthia Roberts Statistics in Business Statistics - a science of producing useful results from data that is manipulated in specific ways. An example of this would be to keep a count of how often a red bear sold over a blue bear and after a specific amount of time, use the data to eliminate the bear that sold less so that space in the store could be used for a better selling item. “Statistics is the science of learning from data, and of measuring, controlling, and communicating uncertainty; and it thereby provides the navigation essential for controlling the course of scientific and societal advances” American Statistical Association. (2016). What is Statistics?. Retrieved from http://www.amstat.org/careers/whatisstatistics.cfm Quantitative data – Simply put this type of data is expressed as numbers or can be measured. They can be found by using the ordinal, interval or ratio scales. The numbers used in this way is manipulated statistically with equations. Qualitative data is representative of people’s culture, gender, economics or religion or just general groups of people. The qualitative data can be shown as ordinal which have three or more categories in a set order, dichotomous which mean only two categories such as male or female or nominal which have no order and three or more categories. Quantitative data are numbers that reflect what has been seen or tracked such as how many times...
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...May 3, 2013 Mark Emmert, NCAA President P.O. Box 6222 Indianapolis, IN 46206 RE: Policy on Social Media use by Student Athletes Dear Mr. Emmert, The object of this letter is to provide you with a much needed policy on the education of proper use of social media by student athletes. It is very important that student athletes understand the effects that improper social media use can have on, not only themselves, but the college they represent, that way they can understand the importance behind this suggested policy. I’m sure you are aware of the increasing usage of social media by society, including student athletes. I hope you will take my policy into consideration helping to educate all student athletes on smart usage of social media. I would like to start off with defining social media as: “Web-based services that allow individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system.” (Boyd and Ellison) Over the past decade social media has created a boom of excitement throughout the cyber world. With the creation of Facebook, Twitter, and many more social networks, society has become increasingly dependent on social media. Social media is used in a variety of ways. For some it is used as a means of conducting business, rather it be used for advertisements and marketing...
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...Unit 1 - Fundamentals of Statistics Jeanna Starr American InterContinental University Abstract A data analysis was done on job satisfaction for the company AIU categorized by age, gender, tenure, position, and department. Overall job satisfaction as well as intrinsic (satisfaction with the actual performance of the job) and extrinsic (office location or work colleagues) job satisfaction were considered in this survey. Introduction AIU assembled a team of researchers to study job satisfaction. I was selected as part of a group to participate in a massive global undertaking. The study required me to examine data and analyze the results. The study consists of job satisfaction, which is extremely important to an organization’s overall success. This particular study will allow managers to gain understanding and knowledge about what type of human behaviors can be used to strengthen an organization’s performance. Chosen Variables I have chosen gender for my qualitative data and intrinsic for my quantitative data. The reason that I have chosen these two variables is because I thought it would be interesting to analyze if males or females were more satisfied with their job, and how the actual job performance reflected their job satisfaction rating. Difference in variable types Qualitative variables include subjects that are non-numerical, such as gender. Quantitative variables include subjects that are numerical and give us a clear visual as to what...
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...Journal of Economic Literature Vol. XXXIV (March 1996), pp. 97-114 The Standard Error of Regressions By D E I R D R E N . M C C L O S K E Y and STEPHEN T. ZILIAK University of Iowa Suggestions by two anonymous and patient referees greatly improved the paper. Our thanks also to seminars at Clark, Iowa State, Harvard, Houston, Indiana, and Kansas State universities, at Williatns College, and at the universities of Virginia and Iowa. A colleague at Iowa, Calvin Siehert, was materially helpful. T cant for science or policy and yet be insignificant statistically, ignored by the less thoughtful researchers. In the 1930s Jerzy Neyman and Egon S. Pearson, and then more explicitly Abraham Wald, argued that actual investigations should depend on substantive not merely statistical significance. In 1933 Neyman and Pearson wrote of type I and type II errors: HE IDEA OF Statistical significance is old, as old as Cicero writing on forecasts (Cicero, De Divinatione, 1. xiii. 23). In 1773 Laplace used it to test whether comets came from outside the solar system (Elizabeth Scott 1953, p. 20). The first use of the very word "significance" in a statistical context seems to be John Venn's, in 1888, speaking of differences expressed in units of probable error; Is it more serious to convict an innocent man or to acquit a guilty? That will depend on the consequences of the error; is the punishment death or fine; what is the danger to the community of released...
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