...the way nursing researchers utilize factor analysis. The focus was on five areas of decisions that are commonly made when doing factor analysis: Sample size; choice between factor analysis and principal component analysis; numbers of factors to be retained; data extraction and method of factor rotation. In order to provide guidance and information to researchers, the authors reviewed the literature regarding the above areas of interest, assessed current and best practice for researchers and, provided recommendations...
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...found that most participants either agreed or strongly agreed on the ease of use of the protocol. The open-ended questions provided staff members the opportunity to comment on their level of comfort and support of the protocol and most participants provided positive responses, “went smoothly and did not interfere with my job” and “I’m glad we are implementing this.” At the completion of the project, the following suggestions were made: providing a chair specifically for the NAN to use at the woman’s head, making sure that a stethoscope, thermometer and glucometer necessary for newborn care were easily accessible, ensuring the recovery room nurse would continue skin-to-skin in the recovery room, and addressing communication issues so obstetricians and anesthesia personnel would understand that skin-to-skin would be expected in...
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...be arguing that the act of filing for an exemption to shift the financial requirement for employee access to birth control through employer sponsored health insurance plans violates their religious beliefs. The pending issues to be decided by the Supreme Court are whether the government has a “compelling interest” to provide access to contraception and whether the act of filing for an exemption to the current law constitutes an “undue burden” under the 1993 Religious Freedom Restoration Act. Background: Some people believe through religious teachings that birth control pills and other contraceptives may act as abortifacients due to preventing implantation of a fertilized egg within the uterine wall. However, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) defines pregnancy as beginning when the embryo implants into the uterine wall. (Chung 2012) In the 2014 Supreme Court case of Burwell v. Hobby Lobby the opinion of the court, delivered by Justice Alito, applied the current principle for religious nonprofits to closely held for-profit businesses with religious beliefs. DHHS allows religious, nonprofits to be exempted from directly financing access to birth control; however, the employees still have a right to birth control and the insurance companies subsidize the contraceptives for the religious nonprofit organizations. (Burwell v. Hobby Lobby 2014) This decision raises several questions regarding whether the burden of paying for an employee benefit of a for-profit...
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...CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES ON INTRAPARTUM AND IMMEDIATE POSTPARTUM CARE 2012 A collaboration of the Department of Health and the Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society 1 The mention of specific product brands is not meant to suggest that they are endorsed or recommended by the Department of Health (DOH) and the Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society (POGS) in preference to other products of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All reasonable precautions have been taken by DOH and POGS to ensure that the information contained in this publication is accurate. However, this guideline is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the guideline lies with the end user. In no event shall DOH and POGS be liable for damages arising from its use. 2 ii MESSAGE The primary aim of MDG 5 is to reduce by three quarters by between 1990 an 2015, the maternal mortality ratio,especially among less developed countries. The Philippines is among those with high maternal mortality rate (MMR). In 2006, our MMR was 162 deaths/100,000 live births, however, the Family Health Survey in 2011 showed that the MMR has increased to 221 deaths/100,000 live births. It is therefore important that we mobilize our efforts together to avert further deaths of our pregnant mothers. The Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society (Foundation), Inc. (POGS) stood up to the challenge of World...
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...Introduction This aim of this research review paper is to discuss the various types, causes and cost for medical errors. After reading this paper, the reader should be able to realize the importance of understanding the know how of medical errors and also understand how various interventions can be used effectively to prevent such errors. The paper also aims to stimulate critical thinking in terms of awareness about medical errors. I have worked in the critical care field for eight years in the past and have been a part of policy implementation with regards to medical errors. Most of the thoughts discussed in this paper are research-based, however, a few are from my personal and professional experiences working in the intensive care field. Causes of Medical Errors A. Diagnostic 1. Error or delay in diagnosis Failure to diagnose an ectopic pregnancy causing rupture and possible acute abdomen. The reason could be either because the obstetrician did not feel the need to order an ultrasound thinking the mild complain of pain to be insignificant to warrant an ultrasound or on the other hand, the radiologist fails to identify an ectopic pregnancy while performing an ultrasound, either due to incompetency or due to negligence. 2. Failure to employ indicated tests Failure to check blood glucose levels for a known hypertensive patient who presented with altered or loss of consciousness. Delayed checking of blood sugar was found to be 20mg/dl] 3. Use of outmoded tests...
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...Motivational interviewing is justified as an approach to support compliance with treatment. Review of Research Motivational interviewing has shown to be a useful technique in counseling in the obstetric field. The American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists endorses it’s use as a tool for behavioral change regarding gynecological health based on evidence of efficacy in many health behaviors (2016b). Meta analyses of the efficacy of motivation interviewing for substance abuse, smoking, HIV risk, and diet or exercise patterns concludes that it is highly effective for the use of substance abuse counseling, but more data is needed to prove it as an effective technique for risk behavior modification (Dunn, Deroo & Rivera, 2001). An investigation of the barriers to cervical cancer screening rates in the United States reveals that patient communication is a major barrier and suggests that a provider level intervention to improve communication may include the use of motivational interviewing (Moshkovich et al., 2015). Motivation interviewing techniques used by primary care physicians has shown to contribute to an increase in compliance with colorectal screening (Scheid et al., 2013). There is an apparent lack of available evidence for the efficacy of motivational interviewing techniques specific to the adherence to cervical cancer screening and colposcopy procedures. However, the literature reviewing the use of motivational interviewing suggests no negative impact from implementation...
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...Paternal Postpartum Depression Introduction Paternal postpartum depression is a concept that has, only recently, gained some recognition within the mental health community and among clinicians. Male depression and sadness are generally taboos cross culturally. Admitting to depressive symptoms may be considered a sign of weakness, carrying shame and degrading self-worth for men. Due to these stigmas, male depression is significantly under reported comparative to female depression. Defining and quantifying patterns of paternal postpartum depression are the foundation for providing support not only for new fathers, but the family unit as a whole. Statistical Analysis of Prevalence Evidence shows that there is a strong correlation between maternal postpartum depression and that in new fathers. According to one study, 24%-50% of men who experience postpartum depression have depressed partners (Melrose, 2010). Similar statistics have been reviewed in the referenced article Paternal postpartum depression: How can nurses begin to help? by Sherri Melrose. Many of these studies discuss the depressive symptoms of mothers and fathers within the first few months of parenthood. Maternal postpartum depression has been recorded in up to 19.7% of mothers within the first month of giving birth, and fathers are found to be at much greater risk in these cases (Melrose, 2010). Although most of the hormonal data related to pre- & post-natal depression are of female subjects, some...
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...Hailee Hennessy Peoples & Cultures of African Dr. Kate Grillo 31 October 2015 Book Review A Heart for the Work: Journey through an African Medical School By: Claire Wendland University of Chicago Press, 2010. 352 pp., US $27.50 (paperback) The author, Dr. Claire Wendland, Is also an anthropologist and a physician. Dr. Wendland maneuvers her way through the medical training scene of Malawi. Having originally traveled Malawi as a medical student herself in the early 1990s, she returns in 2002 to study others starting their own medical career. With an ethnographic approach Dr. Wendland studies the value of medicine through a Malawian context as well as the medical training for those learning at Malawi's College of medicine. Her unique perspective...
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...DULOXETINE VS PLACEBO FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE DULOXETINE VS PLACEBO FOR URINARY INCONTINENCE TAMMY RILEY OKLAHOMA PANHANDLE STATE UNIVERSITY STRESS INCONTINENCE Stress urinary incontinence is the involuntary leakage of urine on effort or exertion or on sneezing, coughing, or laughing. These symptoms affect many women between the ages of 33-75 years of age. The current treatment options for stress incontinence is limited to pelvic floor muscle training, devices, behavioral interventions and surgery . EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE GUIDELINES The title of the guideline is Diagnosis and treatment of overactive bladder (non-neurogenic) in adults: AUA/SUFU guidelines. The guideline was developed as a framework for diagnosis and treatment of non-neurogenic overactive bladder (OAB) and to provide direction to clinicians and patients regarding how to recognize non neurogenic overactive bladder. The direction of the study was to “conduct a valid diagnostic process and approach treatment with the goals of maximizing symptom control and patient quality of life while minimizing adverse events and patient burden” (National Guideline Clearinghouse, 2014). Another guideline objective was to serve as a guide for all types of providers who evaluate and treat OAB patients, including those in general practice as well as those who specialize in various branches of medicine. The guideline of the evidence based practice states that the first line of treatment...
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...Feeding in Obese Women Grand Canyon University: NRS 433V May 1, 2016 Introduction American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. (2005) “Breastfeeding to baby is great accomplishment to protects the health of babies and their mothers. With support from their families and communities, as well as from nurses, mothers are more likely to be able to breastfeed their babies”. Making decision whether or not to breast feed or formula feed is personal. According to leading health organizations, “the most babies should have only breast milk for the first 6 months of life and continue breastfeeding for at least 12 months”. Many medical authorities, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (APA) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist, strongly recommend breastfeeding to infants. Jarvis (2012) recommended breastfeeding for full term infants for the 1st year of life because breast milk is ideally formulated to promote normal infant growth and development and natural immunity. According to Hauff and Demerath (2012), “The obese women are less likely to initiate and more likely to stop earlier breastfeeding”. Background of Study: The study team members highlighted mix decision making barrier on breastfeeding. Mainly, privacy, birth complications, and not enough support from breast-feeding specialist are barriers to breastfeed to their babies. The study team also found that all women had wished for breast feed at least 16 weeks to 6 months, but due...
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...Feeding in Obese Women Grand Canyon University: NRS 433V May 1, 2016 Introduction American Academy of Pediatrics Policy Statement. (2005) “Breastfeeding to baby is great accomplishment to protects the health of babies and their mothers. With support from their families and communities, as well as from nurses, mothers are more likely to be able to breastfeed their babies”. Making decision whether or not to breast feed or formula feed is personal. According to leading health organizations, “the most babies should have only breast milk for the first 6 months of life and continue breastfeeding for at least 12 months”. Many medical authorities, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (APA) and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologist, strongly recommend breastfeeding to infants. Jarvis (2012) recommended breastfeeding for full term infants for the 1st year of life because breast milk is ideally formulated to promote normal infant growth and development and natural immunity. According to Hauff and Demerath (2012), “The obese women are less likely to initiate and more likely to stop earlier breastfeeding”. Background of Study: The study team members highlighted mix decision making barrier on breastfeeding. Mainly, privacy, birth complications, and not enough support from breast-feeding specialist are barriers to breastfeed to their babies. The study team also found that all women had wished for breast feed at least 16 weeks to 6 months, but due...
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...Sexual health education in the schools: Questions & Answers 3rd Edition Sexual health education in the schools: Questions & Answers (3rd edition) A resource with answers to your questions about sexual health education in our schools This resource document was prepared by Alexander McKay, Ph.D, Research Coordinator, and Mary Bissell, Ph.D., Information Services Coordinator, Sex Information and Education Council of Canada (SIECCAN) contEntS IntroductIon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 QuEStIonS: 1. Sexual health and Canadian youth: How are we doing? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2. Why do we need sexual health education in the schools?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Do parents want sexual health education taught in the schools? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 4. Do young people want sexual health education taught in the schools? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 5. What values are taught in school-based sexual health education?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 6. Does providing youth with sexual health education lead to earlier or more frequent sexual activity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 7. Is there...
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...introduced her to the world of storytelling. Madame Charleville spoke only French to Kate and told her elaborate, somewhat risqué stories. Family tragedy surrounded the young Kate. When she was eleven, Madame Charleville died, and her half-brother George was killed while fighting in the Civil War for the Confederate side. Yet, Kate seems not to have completely despaired; she earned a reputation as the "Littlest Rebel" when she tore down a Union flag that had been tied to her front porch by Yankee soldiers. Had Kate not been a young girl at the time, the incident might have resulted in serious consequences, but since she was, her act became famous as local legend. While attending a Catholic high school, Kate studied both French and English literature and became an accomplished pianist. She attended numerous social events and became very popular in St. Louis high society. She also became interested in the movement for women's suffrage although she never became very politically active. When she was nineteen, she married Oscar Chopin, a twenty-five-year-old French-Creole businessman. The couple moved to New Orleans, Louisiana, and later moved to Cloutierville in north central Louisiana. Kate and Oscar were very happy together and, like the Pontelliers in The Awakening, soon became immersed in aristocratic Louisiana society. A gentle man, Oscar tolerated Kate's...
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...SPECIAL ARTICLE Postfertilization Effects of Oral Contraceptives and Their Relationship to Informed Consent Walter L. Larimore, MD; Joseph B. Stanford, MD, MSPH T he primary mechanism of oral contraceptives is to inhibit ovulation, but this mechanism is not always operative. When breakthrough ovulation occurs, then secondary mechanisms operate to prevent clinically recognized pregnancy. These secondary mechanisms may occur either before or after fertilization. Postfertilization effects would be problematic for some patients, who may desire information about this possibility. This article evaluates the available evidence for the postfertilization effects of oral contraceptives and concludes that good evidence exists to support the hypothesis that the effectiveness of oral contraceptives depends to some degree on postfertilization effects. However, there are insufficient data to quantitate the relative contribution of postfertilization effects. Despite the lack of quantitative data, the principles of informed consent suggest that patients who may object to any postfertilization loss should be made aware of this information so that they can give fully informed consent for the use of oral contraceptives. Arch Fam Med. 2000;9:126-133 Oral contraceptives (OCs) are among the most extensively studied and used medications in the world,1 and are accessible without a prescription in some countries, although still virtually unavailable in others. In America, OCs have...
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...Introduction Human development is a lifelong process that begins at the union of an ovum and a sperm and does not end until an individual is declared dead. This paper is a biographical account of Andrei Edoja Dmitri. He was born April 21, 1945 in Scarborough, Ontario. With the help of developmental psychological concepts and theories, the paper narrates his life journey from conception, prenatal development, infancy, childhood, and adolescence through adulthood including his basic physical and psychological development and growth respectively. The biography also narrates what growing up was for Andrei, his family, the different life changing events he encountered in his life, the achievements he celebrated and his moments of doubts and pain. Andrei is the first-born child of two immigrant parents, Omoye and Nicolai, from Nigeria and Russian respectively, who had come to Canada some years before his birth as students. He has a younger sister called Ivana. Infancy and Early Childhood Four years into their common-law relationship, Andrei was conceived by Omoye, an immigrant undergraduate English student from Nigeria after an awesome spring getaway break in Mexico with her Russian partner, Nicolai. Nicolai was an undergraduate computer science student at the same University with Omoye. The process of prenatal development occurs in three stages. Two weeks after conception is known as the germinal stage. During this period the single-celled zygote that contained the genetic instructions...
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