...of it broader application for all subject and learned in schools, particularly science and technology as well as in our daily life activities especially in the modern world. One of the needs of the Nigerian society which must be given priority today is the advancement of science and technology which is not possible without mathematics. Mathematics is a very important subject which is made compulsory from primary to post primary schools level of education. Since mathematics is an important subject our life, what does mathematics mean? The Academic American encyclopedia defined mathematics as the study of numbers, set of points, and various abstract elements, together with the relations between them and operations performed on them. Wikipedia defined mathematics as the abstract study of topics such as quantity (number) structure, space and change. Mathematic is a science subject that deals with the study of numbers, shapes, sizes and other relationships among the quantities. 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY: mathematics is one of the most important and compulsory subjects to be taught in primary schools and even in post primary schools. The subject is very important since it involves almost all aspects of life. It is involved in all aspects of life because, since the beginning of life there is mathematics. This research is carried out to identify the factors affecting the teaching and learning of mathematics in primary school in Toro local government area.. For...
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...SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION; FACULTY OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF ILORIN, NIGERIA IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN EDUCATION (B.SC.ED.) IN BIOLOGY MAY, 2012 CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this research project was carried out by OLAWUNMI, Kareemat Ariyo with Matriculation Number 08/25PA026 and it has been read, certified and approved as meeting the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Science Education Degree (B.Sc. Ed. Biology) under the Department of Science Education, faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Kwara State Nigeria. Dr. S. O. Oyelekan Date Supervisor Esther O. Omoshewo PhD Date Head of Department Prof. A. S. Olorundare Date Dean, Faculty of Education External Supervisor Date DEDICATION The entire work of this project is dedicated to Almighty Allah, the Bestower of knowledge and Wisdom, to whom everything shall returns. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am highly indebted to Almighty Allah, Who alone had favored me beyond my imaginations. ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page Certification Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract Table of Contents CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background of the problem Statement of the problem Purpose of the Study Research Questions Scope of the Study Significance of the Study Definition of major terms and variables CHAPTER TWO: REVIEWED LITERATURE Science, Biology and the concept of Science and Biology Instructional...
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...CHAPTER ONE 1.0 Introduction The invaluable role and contributions of education as an instrument for development and promotion of an individual, social, economic, political and cultural development of any nation can never be over-emphasized. According to Abdulkareem (2007), a nation’s growth and development is determined by its human resources. Science has been defined as an organized body of knowledge, a method of solving problems and it also serves as a search of explanation of natural objects and phenomena. In the demesne of science as a whole, one important dialect is Biology, the domain of living things and its environment. According to Encyclopedia Americana (Vol. 3, P770), “few sciences have contributed to the philosophy and physical basis of contemporary society than Biology has”. Man, probably was a biologist before he was anything else, his own health body in health and illness, the phenomena of birth, growth, and death of the plants and other animals that give him food, shelter and clothing undoubtedly were matters of serious concern to man then and even now. Biology is intimately connected to daily life and everybody’s life-long planning. Shut out Biology from daily life and civilization comes to a standstill. It is in the light of this, that the research seeks to build and elicit among students and teachers the proper appreciation and interest in the value of Biology to the individual and to the society at large. This subject Biology, occupies a very important...
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...is a social science that has lost influence in the 21st Century because many do not understand how this science can help humans achieve true happiness. Though philosophy is a heavy subject, it is the science with the most results regarding human nature and knowledge. Philosophy offers guidance to understand human behavior as well as to question our presence and our real role in society. It is one of the leading social sciences because many world leaders have tried to grasp it and understand the meaning of it thus showing how important it is to study philosophy. Nevertheless, not only should world leaders study philosophy but also everyone should be aware of the different philosophical teachings in order to differentiate well from wrongdoing. It is no surprise that philosophers understood ethics and politics before others, therefore showing the depth and practicality of philosophy as well as defining academia. Philosophy should not only be considered a social science but also a lifestyle; to better explain, philosophy is applicable in the daily routine as well as in the professional world making it both a theoretical and pragmatic. As a lifestyle, philosophers focused on how philosophy could be applicable to the daily life to improve one’s being. One of the main philosophies, still applicable today, and serves as guide for those looking for a healthier life is Confucianism. This philosophical ideology analyzes ethics, politics and influence, and through his teachings, the philosopher...
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...Effective use of instructional materials in the teaching of basic sciences CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the study Education, according to Coombs (1970) consists of two components. He classified these two components into inputs and outputs. According to him, inputs consist of human and material resources and outputs are the goals and outcomes of the educational process. Both the inputs and outputs form a dynamic organic whole and if one wants to investigate and assess the educational system in order to improve its performance, effects of one component on the other must be examined. Instructional resources which are educational inputs are of vital importance to the teaching of any subject in the school curriculum. Wales (1975) was of the opinion that the use of instructional resources would make discovered facts glued firmly to the memory of students. Savoury (1958) also added that, a well-planned and imaginative use of visual aids in lessons should do much to banish apathy, supplement inadequacy of books as well as arouse student’s interest by giving them something practical to see and do, and at the same time helping to train them to think things out themselves. Savoury (1958) suggested a catalogue of useful visual aids that are good for teaching history i.e pictures, post cards, diagrams, maps, filmstrips and models. He said that selection of materials which are related to the basic contents of a course or a lesson, helps in-depth understanding of such a lesson...
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...Research 6 (1): 28-31, 2011 ISSN 1818-6785 © IDOSI Publications, 2011 Inquiry Method and Student Academic Achievement in Biology: Lessons and Policy Implications Jacinta A. Opara European School Science Project, 18140 Granada, Spain Abstract: Three research questions with null hypotheses guided the study with the aid of a quasi experimental research design. These students were randomly assigned to two groups (treatment and control group). Treatment group were those taught biology using the sensitized inquiry teaching method while conventional method (lecture) was used for the control group. (1) Biology Achievement Test (BAT) was developed on the following units in biology, flower pollination, muscle structure and function and seed germination. All these were drawn from anatomy and physiology of flowering plants and animal physiology in the biology textbook of SS1, to measure the initial and terminal academic achievement of the students. (2) Lesson notes were prepared on the above mentioned units using the inquiry teaching method and the conventional method using a pre - test, post - test experimental treatment. Thus, it is the contention of the author that the inquiry approach would enhance students’ achievement in biology, hence the thrust of this study. Key words: Inquiry teaching method Conventional method INTRODUCTION Achievement Biology Gender Location explanations from their observations (evidence) by integrating what they already know with what they have learned...
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...my heavenly father, God Almighty who has been my guide and source of strength throughout my seminar work period. I wish to most sincerely express my profound gratitude to my supervisor, Prof. (Mrs.) O.M. Agbogidi, for her constructive criticism and contributions that enabled me to produce this piece of research work. Special appreciation goes to my lovely parents, Mr and Mrs Julius Akpan, for all their assistance and encouragement during the course of this work. Lastly I am grateful to my friends and course mates for the contributions and support they rendered to me, and I wish them well in their academics pursuit. ABSTRACT This study was carried out to find out the effects of non availability of teaching aids on the effective teaching of biology in some selected secondary schools in ethiope east local government area of delta state. For the purpose of the study, data were collected from five hundred and five (505) SSI-SSIII.biology students, () Biology teachers and seven (7) principals in eleven (11) selected secondary schools in Ethiope East Local Government areas of Della State. Teachers and students in the sampled schools were administered, an investigator – constructed questionnaire. Biology Achievement Test was also administered on the students in the selected schools. Results of the study indicated that adequate supply of instructional resources have significant effects on students’ performance in biology. Furthermore, the results revealed that...
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...PART A Report on Teaching of Science with list of references at the end Introduction This report aims to look at how we should be implementing the Science curriculum, in accordance to what the authors and professionals think, it will look at how it should be taught in primary schools. The key stage I have chosen to examine is lower key stage two. Lower key stage two consists of children in Year 3 (aged 7-8) and Year 4 (8-9). The report will examine the National Curriculum and how teaching of Science is defined by them. The National Curriculum (2014 p.155) requires children of this age phase to work scientifically. This would namely be looking at encouraging children to ask their own questions, how to set up a practical investigation, gathering the results through numerous graphs/charts (recording data) comparing and analysing what makes a fair test, predicting what the outcome may be (with independent and dependant variables), how to make observations based on these findings, identifying and comparing what they predicted as opposed to what happened, and lastly being able to answer questions using scientific terminology and knowledge. By using various literature and documentation, this report will look at how teachers can teach Science but at the same time be using the National Curriculum as a guideline. Review of teaching Working Scientifically Ofsted (2013) states that the new National Curriculum for 2014 explains the reasoning for teaching Science. It states that pupils...
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...Eventually, I advanced to performing dissections on the heart and lungs of a pig in the Medical Careers courses. I have had the awesome opportunity to attend cadaver labs twice, where I was able to observe the different internal components of the body and hold a human brain, intestines, and liver. Communication and Teaching Experience I have always thrived in leadership opportunities and I surround myself in activities that definitely reflect that. I have been an Ellis certified lifeguard for the past three years, engaging in various types of communication; enforcing rules to patrons, discussing procedures with co-workers, and performing emergency extrications. I also have been a Red Cross certified swimming instructor for the past three years, as well. Students have ranged from toddlers to adults, with varying forms of communication being needed and therefore learned and mastered. Developing a plan for the day and an overall course goal, referencing familiar comparisons (fish underwater, blowing bubbles, kicking a ball), and...
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...DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA EFFECT OF STUDENTS’ IMPROVISED INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS ON SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY. BY MBEREKPE AUGUSTINE, CHUKWUNYEREMUNWA REG NO: PG/M.ED/09/50813 SUPVERISOR: PROF: U. M. NZEWI JANUARY, 2013 CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Science has been reorganized as the bedrock on which modern day technological breakthrough is hanged. The major goal of science education is to develop scientifically literate individuals that are concerned with high competence for rational thoughts and actions. The objectives of science education in this country according to Maduekwe (2006) include the need to prepare students to: Observe and explore the environment, explain simple natural phenomena, develop scientific attitudes including curiosity, critical reflection and objectivity, apply the skills and knowledge gained through science to solve everyday problems in the environment, develop self-confidence and self-reliance through problem solving activities in science. Nowadays, countries all over the world, especially the developing ones like Nigeria, are striving hard to develop technologically and scientifically, since the world is turning Scientific and all proper functioning of lives depend greatly on Science. According to Ogunleye (2006), Science is a dynamic human activity concerned...
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...EDUCATION REFORMS Socio-economic changes, rapid changes in the political areas and in Science and Technology impelled the government to recognize and strengthen further the national system of education to suit the education needs of the future along the line of education for all and to produce a work force that has the quality, capability and skill to handle more complex challenges. Cabinet committee of educational reforms was chaired by Dr. Mahathir Mohamad and was formed in 1974. The purpose of forming this committee was study the implementation of the National Education policy. Educational reforms released its findings in the Mahathir Report in 1979. The report suggested that education should meet the country’s manpower needs, especially in the development of science and technology and education should foster development of noble values. Objectives of Educational Reforms The government set the objectives as guideposts along the road that make the implement of Educational Reforms more smoothly. The main objective of Educational Reforms is to improve the conditions and quality of the educational system so that the development of country in science and technology can be improved. Furthermore, Ministry of Education wished to create an updated system of education that is of universal standard so that the student can always receive the latest information. Moreover, another objective is to fix a system of education that is “flexible” to current development to avoid being...
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...State. To guide the study, four research questions were raised. The multi-stage sampling technique was used to collect data from two hundred teachers (200) as respondents. A validated questionnaire titled: Teacher Quality as Correlates of Student Academic Performance with the used of simple frequency counts and percentage for analysis. From the data analysis it was revealed that: the role of professionally qualified/trained teachers is an important teacher quality which enhances students’ academic achievement in biology, teaching methods adopted by the teachers significantly influence achievement of the behavior objectives. Several schools in the population of the study lacked modern instructional materials without which effective teaching and learning cannot be utilized and teachers’ experience significantly influence students academic performance; capacity building forms a major aspect of teachers’ experience that is yet to be given adequate attention. Its importance cannot be over emphasized in view of senior secondary school student’s poor performance in both internal and external examinations. Based on these findings,...
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...The importance of science education for children Published 03/11/2008 Science Communication 17 Comments Tags: Science Education One of the features of wordpress is a list of what web searches have led people to your blog (or at least hits anyway) and they themselves can be fascinating glimpses into what people are interested in or what information on (mostly Tyrannosaurus and Jurassic Park). A recent one was the title of this post and it is a very interesting question (precisely it was “what is the importance of teaching science to children?”). Apart from the fundamental answer (well, everyone should know a bit about biology, chemistry and physics, much as they should know a bit about history, geography, art and maths) it is a good question. What does science bring to the table? It’s hard to put in specific terms, but science as a concept (as opposed to just learning facts and theories, or heating stuff in test tubes) has some nice ideas to offer that would be useful for many people to learn and would be useful throughout their lives. Concepts such as logical deductions and inference, parsimony, and not accepting arguments (or dismissals) based on authority but from evidence, and scepticism would all be handy. Teaching someone how to appraise and evaluate conflicting evidence and any bias in that evidence would be useful ‘life skills’ for pretty much everyone. Let’s face it, it ultimately comes down to trying to spot patterns, work out reasons for them, and to spot errors...
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...CONTENT AREA LITERACY IMPORTANCE Tracey Turner EDUC 525A Instructor: Craig Carter December 7, 2014 CONTENT AREA LITERACY IMPORTANCE Literacy is an important aspect for success in life in general. An individual’s success in the classroom, in their career, and in their quality of life is directly related to how literate that individual may be. Literacy is more than the ability to read, but how an individual uses written information to function in life. Literacy was traditionally thought of as just the ability to read and understand what has been read. Now, the term literacy is being thought of in terms as a much wider range of skills related to subjects such as science and math. Changes in society and advancements in technology have brought about rising skill requirement in every aspect in life. To be successful in every area, one must be literate in every subject being taught. The success of the school will also be related to how well the school is equipping the students to have strong literacy skills. Regardless of the subject being taught, literacy is an important aspect for success in that subject. In order for a student to fully comprehend in every subject, they must have strong literacy skills in that subject, not just in reading. “The ultimate goal of literacy instruction is to build a student's comprehension, writing skills, and overall skills in communication.”(Alber, 2014). The incorporation of reading instruction and strategies into content area...
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...and child development, to teach reading, writing, speaking, viewing, listening, and thinking skills and to help students successfully apply their developing skills to many different situations, materials, and ideas; 2.2. Science—Candidates know, understand, and use fundamental concepts in the subject matter of science—including physical, life, and earth and space sciences—as well as concepts in science and technology, science in personal and social perspectives, the history and nature of science, the unifying concepts of science, and the inquiry processes scientists use in discovery of new knowledge to build a base for scientific and technological literacy; 2.3. Mathematics—Candidates know, understand, and use the major concepts, procedures, and reasoning processes of mathematics that define number systems and number sense, geometry, measurement, statistics and probability, and algebra in order to foster student understanding and use of patterns, quantities, and spatial relationships that can represent phenomena, solve problems, and manage data; 2.4. Social studies—Candidates know, understand, and use the major concepts and modes of inquiry from the social studies—the integrated study of history, geography, the social sciences,...
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