... a. INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT b. INTERCULTURAL WORKING c. INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMNET 3 THE CONCEPT OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGER, ITS ROLES/FUNCTION AND CONTRIBUTION 4 THE CAPABILITIES AND QUALITIES OF INTERNATIONAL MANAGERS 5 THE CONCEPT OF EXPATRIATION 6 CHALLENGES FACED BY INTERNATONAL MANAGERS ON INTERNATIONAL ASSIGNMENT 7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS, REFERENCES 1. INTRODUCTION In this time of globalization, the concept of international human resource management has come to be an important aspect for human resource manager in multinationals, in order to have a worldwide vision of managing their expatriates effectively outside their PCN/HCN. The aim of this report is to analyse the statement which says that Effective international managers were said to be those who were flexible, open-minded, adaptable, speaking in foreign languages, and making friends with those of many nationalities (Smith, 1992:46). The report also provides necessary conclusion and recommendation which international managers are to adopt to ensure that employees works more effectively. There are differences between countries yet expatriates are effective in there works because of the role of international manager to see that the expat are successful. This analysis will be done looking at the different roles and attributes of international managers, the concept of expatriation, challenges faced by international manager and the strategy...
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...As the new communications manager for International Gadgets, a goal has been set forthto most effectively and efficiently communicate information about a new product that theResearch and Development team believes will revolutionize the industry. The importance andrelevance of this product must be properly communicated to all employees and teams withinInternational Gadgets. The type of communication that should be used in a business environment should bebased on the objective that is trying to be achieved. When the goal is to communicate generalawareness to a large number of stakeholders, existing and established communication channelsare an effective choice. Communication channels that are commonly used in a businessenvironment are memos, letters, email, instant messages and text messages (Gerson, 2014). Inaddition to these commonly used methods of communication, reports, web sites, blogs,Powerpoint presentations and telephone or face to face communication are used. The Communication Team will collaborate to identify the best channels forcommunication to each of the intended audiences. The first communication amongst theCommunications Team will occur via email. This email will outline the product details,projected launch date and the goals that R&D has requested the team to accomplish. Once weekafter the email is sent, a brainstorming meeting will be held. In this meeting, the information andgoals will be identified communicated in more detail. Additionally, the team members...
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...International human resource management (IHRM) is concerned with identifying and understanding how multinational organisations (MNC’s) manage their geographically dispersed workforce in order to sustain their competitive advantage. Literature shows that globalisation has brought about new challenges and increased complexity for human resource (HR) directors in managing organisational systems in areas of recruitment and selection and training and development (Kayworth and Leidner, 2000; Selmer, 2001; O’Leary, Cummings, 2002). Geographical dispersion has created trends correlated with several challenges IHR managers face when dealing with the global environment. These include issues associated with the Internet, time zones and employee isolation. Being in contact with different geographic locations leads IHR managers to do business with employees of different nationalities and cultures. The challenge for IHR managers is to avoid culture clashes and adequately prepare unit members, specifically expatriates, on adapting in a foreign environment (Tung, 1987; Selmer, 2001; Chauh, Hoffman, Jones and Williams, 2007). This essay will discuss these challenges in relation to IHR directors designing recruitment and selection processes and training and development programs. The essay will also describe briefly the challenges IHRM come across as a result of pressure to rationalise and differentiate their operations, and explain how these challenges prove IHRM to be more complicated than the...
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...utility of dimensions of national culture to an international manager. International University College, Dobrich, Bulgaria Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK International Business Management BA (Hons) International Business & Cultural Difference Assignment 1 Philippe Bergonzoli Bergonzoli.ph@gmail.com Content Introduction 2 Hofstede’s dimensions 2 1-The Power Distance Index 2 2-Individualism versus Collectivism 3 3-Masculinity versus Femininity 4 4-Uncertainty Avoidance Index 4 5-Long Term-Orientation versus Short Term Orientation 5 6-Indulgence versus Restraint 6 Comparison Overview 7 Others theories 7 Schwartz’s dimensions 7 Inglehart’s dimensions 9 GLOBE dimensions 10 Culture Measurement 10 Culturally endorsed implicit leadership (CLT) 11 Conclusion 12 References 13 Introduction The globalization has been the key which allowed the exchange and diversification of different culture. Nowadays, the proper understanding of cultural differences has become a daily matters for businesses because employees, products, services,… are located, are sold and bought across the world (Mirja Ivonen, Diane H. Sonnenwald, Maria Parma, Evelyn Poole-Kober, August 1998). The subject is not new and has been discussed and analyzed for the past four decades (Xiumei Shi, Jinying Wang, 2010). Geert Hofstede, a Dutch social psychologist and professor emeritus of organization anthropology and international management is one of the pioneer in this study...
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...Semester Project: What does it mean to be an Operations Manager in The International Environment Fedorenko Danil 21.02.2013 Introduction Many of the techniques used in Operations Management are essential for the international business consultant. These tools allow consultants to advise companies on selecting the best locations for their facilities, determining the most efficient balance of employees to comprise their global workforce, customizing products to satisfy specific local needs, maximizing the efficiency of the global supply chain, and determining the necessary capacity of local operations. In order to use these tools in a multinational context the operations manager must have a solid grasp on global issues. He or she must be familiar with the firm's overall international strategy and the reasoning that went into developing it. He or she must be must familiar with the critical success factors involved in selecting site locations, the process by which an international corporate strategy is formed, and the changes in the organization that will need to take place in order to implement it. Without a grasp of these concepts the operations manager will not be able to use the tools of operations management to help his or her firm establish a presence in new markets. How OM Techniques can help International Consultants to become better Managers The operations aspect of international consulting should start with a SWOT analysis, an examination of Strengths, Weaknesses...
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...Is culture really all that International Human Resource Manager is about? * Introduction * Diversity Management * IHRM & Culture issue * Conclusion * References Introduction People have always been the driving force of business and management. This force is a challenge and if not addressed with the right skills, it will develop into disturbing elements that are very dangerous for the management of the company. The challenges of global talent selection and mobility of labor, established by a career concept that transcends national borders and organizational groups and the emergence of virtual collaboration on international projects requires companies to develop new skills in their employees to be effective in the complexity of today's contexts. The workforces are people, and as we are human, we are all different from various points of view. This paper aims to answer the question: “Is culture really all that International Human Resource Manager is about?” I’ve analyzed the differences between HRM and IHRM based on the concept of diversity, characteristics that influence both topics but in a different way. After this, the next stop is to define IHRM and the concept of culture to reach the conclusion that managing cultural differences in an international team is the major challenge to IHRM. Due to the movement of employees between foreign subsidiaries and headquarters and between foreign locales, HRM professionals are likely to...
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...What difficulties might the international manager experience in trying to apply Hofstede's model? Culture is the learned way in which a society understands, decides and communicates.”(Hollensen, 2007). Hofstede, a Dutch academic wished to find an explanation for cultural differences across the world, in relation to society and business. He began by researching why various concepts of motivation did not work in the same manner in all countries. Hofstede based his studies on an extensive IBM database, receiving 116,000 questionnaires from IBM employees from over 70 countries, and in 20 languages. The gathering and evaluation of this study took 6 years, at the end of which, Hofstede concluded that the way people in different countries perceive and interpret their world varies along 4 dimensions. Hofstede’s model is known as the 4+1 model due to the addition of another dimension some years later. Theoretically this model appears to be effective in business context, however, after in-depth analysis, it can be seen that difficulties may arise for the international manager when trying to apply it. The first dimension, Power Distance, refers to the degree of inequality between people in both physical and educational conditions in a culture. In ‘High Power distance’ societies, the power is concentrated amongst the few highest people, of who make all the decisions. Therefore, the others in society have no choice but to obey, and carry out the decisions made. Differences in...
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...CASE STUDY INTRODUCTION Across the globe the commercial world is become too competitive that poses lots of opportunities and threats simultaneously to the businesses. Oil exploration and Production (E&P) companies are not exceptional to this. Oil reserves are depleting and it is expected to last for another 40 years. Oil is one of the major energy resources for most of the industries and particularly for all transportations. Cutting oil consumption further will prolong the life of global oil reserves. Natural gas reserves are estimated to last for over 60 years at the current global rate of consumption. However, this forecast may be understated as new gas reserves are identified and come into production. Almost all off-shore oil fields also contain reserves of natural gas. Therefore, drilling and production of oil also provides the opportunity to produce and sell natural gas from these reserves. Any company wishing to operate in the E&P sector needs to prove its credentials to the respective government in terms of: its technical ability to bring the potential oil and gas fields into production; its awareness and track record in respect of environmental issues; the company’s financial capacity in respect of the investment required to bring the oil and gas field into production. This report is about the issues of YJ E&P Company in relation to licences, resource availability, environmental issues, outsourcing, etc. ISSUES OF YJ YJ, an oil/gas exploration and production...
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...3.2 Guiding Principles Guiding Principles Guiding Principles Guiding Principles Guiding Principles To achieve the development objectives, tTo achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, tTo achieve the development objectives, tTo achieve the development objectives, tTo achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, tTo achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, tTo achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, tTo achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, t To achieve the development objectives, implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation framework he implementation...
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...CHAPTER 19 International Human Resource Management and Labor Relations Chapter Objectives After studying this chapter, students should be able to: 1. Describe the nature of human resource management in international business. 2. Detail how firms recruit and select managers for international assignments. 3. Explain how international businesses train and develop expatriate managers. 4. Discuss how international firms conduct performance appraisals and determine compensation for their expatriate managers. 5. Analyze retention and turnover issues in international business. 6. Explain basic human resource issues involving nonmanagerial employees. Describe labor relations in international business. LECTURE OUTLINE OPENING CASE: An Emerging Voice for Workers The opening case discusses the changing nature of the Chinese workforce, as workers become more aware of their value to employers. Key Points 1. China is becoming the largest manufacturing center in the world, providing a large number of workers who are willing to work long hours for low pay. 2. Although this is changing, as the workers become more aware of their value to the employer. 3. Wages and working conditions have been improving, which in turn leads to more spending on the part of workers, serving as an economic stimulus...
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...International Journal of Business and Management; Vol. 7, No. 16; 2012 ISSN 1833-3850 E-ISSN 1833-8119 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Cross-Cultural Etiquette and Communication in Global Business: Toward a Strategic Framework for Managing Corporate Expansion Ephraim Okoro1 1 School of Business, Howard University, Washington, USA Correspondence: Ephraim A. Okoro, Department of Marketing, School of Business, Howard University, 2600–Sixth Street, NW, Washington, D.C. 20059, USA. Tel: 1-202-806-1545. E-mail: eaokoro@howard.edu Received: March 22, 2012 doi:10.5539/ijbm.v7n16p130 Abstract The expanding scope of business corporations in the first decade of the twenty-first century is drawing much scholarly attention, and the trend has been described as a fact of life that defies the stretch of human imagination. The concept of global economy has expanded consumer awareness, defined new standards and rules of operations, and increased the need for national and corporate interdependence. Multinational organizations are exploring opportunities around the world, demonstrating sensitivity towards cultural differences in order to gain from the proliferation and growth of international enterprise. Recent studies indicate that while some corporations compete successfully in the global marketplace, others have failed to sustain their competitive advantage because of cultural imperialism or inadequate acculturation of their managers on international assignment...
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...disaster” (ITIM International, 2003). Communication across culture is not an easy assignment for an international manager to learn within a short period of time especially it is an ongoing learning process. Communication is “a process of shared meaning by transmitting messages through media such as word, behavior, or material artifacts” (Deresky, 2008). Language discrepancies are an obvious factor. Likewise important are people skill as well as understanding and adapting to the social and working etiquette’s of the foreign country. Japan is one of the most well known for its culture in the world. For an international manager to work there, it is important they will have to understand and identify the Japanese communication system because Japanese communication is ambiguous. This is to eliminate any communication noise. Past history is believed to shape the culture of the country and the people identity. Japan has evolved in many era from the early Jōmon period till to the current Heisei period, their culture had also evolved. However the “most important principle will be the wa, the peace and harmony” (Deresky, 2008). Japanese tend to work as a family unit similar to working in the organization. One clear example is the rice cultivating “which they highly need cooperation from their village and neighbors twice each year in result reflects on the long term effects on Japanese social system and life style” (Herbig & Lawrence, 1998). Therefore, international managers must be able...
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...Organization International Business Strategy, Management & the New Realities by Cavusgil, Knight and Riesenberger International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities 1 Learning Objectives 1. The role of strategy in international business 2. The integration-responsiveness framework 3. Distinct strategies emerging from the integration-responsiveness framework 4. Organizational structure 5. Alternative organizational arrangements for international operations 6. Building the global firm 7. Putting organizational change in motion International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities 2 What Is Strategy? • Strategy is a plan of action that channels an organization’s resources so that it can effectively differentiate itself from competitors and accomplish unique and viable goals. • Managers develop strategies based on the organization’s strengths and weaknesses relative to the competition and assessing opportunities. • Managers decide which customers to target, what product lines to offer, and with which firms to compete. International Business: Strategy, Management, and the New Realities 3 Strategy in an International Context • Strategy in an international context is a plan for the organization to position itself vis-a-vis its competitors, and resolve how it wants to configure its value chain activities on a global scale. • Its purpose is to help managers create an international vision, allocate resources, participate in major international markets...
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...ASSIGNMENT HR Policies and Practices [Name of Writer] [Name of Institution] HR Policies and Practices Introduction Managers in the twenty-first century are being challenged to operate in a complex, interdependent, and dynamic global environment. Due to globalization, the international dimension of management has become a major challenge to countries, institutions and people. International management is becoming more important within the academic setting. International management is a process of developing strategies, designing and operating systems, and working with people around the world to ensure sustained competitive advantage. This essay identifies the challenges of operating in different national cultures for international managers by using Hofstede’s theory. In addition, the essay explains international skills and knowledge’s required by managers to be successful in different countries (Brewster 2001 .Pp. 99-119). Discussion Human resource management is in the selection of policy and techniques related to human resource management agency (Adler 1997 pp.39-59). Taken together, these techniques and preferences are messages to employees, managers and interested persons abroad about the value of the agency placed on human resources (Mathis 2000 Pp. 66-76). Unfortunately, international managers have had to adopt sensible policies in the field of organization for fixing the responsibility and cost control. First, employers continue to place...
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...INTERNATIONAL HRM The emphasis throughout this book has been on HRM as it is practice in organizations in the United States. But many of these firms also engage in international trade. A large percentage carry on their international business with only limited facilities and representation in foreign countries. Others, particularly Fortune 500 corporations, have extensive facilities, and personnel in various countries of the world. Managing these resources effectively, and integrating their activities to achieve global advantage, is a challenge to the leadership of these companies. We are quickly moving toward a global economy. While estimates vary widely, approximately 70 to 85 percent of the U.S. economy today is affected by international competition. Recent popular books have suggested that many U.S. companies need to reassess their approach to doing business overseas, particularly in the area of managing human resources. To a large degree, the challenge of managing across borders boils down to the philosophies and systems we use for managing people. In this chapter we will observe that much of what is discussed throughout this text can be applied to foreign operations, provided one is sensitive to the requirements of a particular international setting. The first part of this chapter presents a brief introduction to international business firms. In many important respects, the way a company organizes its international operations influences the type of managerial...
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