Free Essay

The Invention of the Internet

In:

Submitted By yasirjawad
Words 437
Pages 2
Here are few of the major stages that led to the Internet as we know it. * The first building block was the invention of packet switching which can handle bursts of data between computers that the circuit-switched networks of pre-1960 couldn’t handle. In the 1960s, Paul Baran of the RAND Corporation produced a study of what he called “message-blocks”. Also at the same time, Donald Davies in UK, proposed and developed a similar network based on what he called packet-switching. Leonard Kleinrock of MIT developed the mathematical theory behind this technology. * In 1969, ARPANET, the first computer network that can connect computers made by different manufacturers was created by ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency). The network required connecting each computer to a special device called an Interface Message Protocol or IMP that facilitates the communication between computers from different manufacturers. The software that controlled the communication was called the Network Control Protocol. The four computers connected to the network were at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), the University of California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Stanford Research Institute (SRI), and the University of Utah * In 1973, Robert Kahn and Vinton Cerf developed the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) which is a set of rules and standards that control the transfer of a message between two computers. TCP unified the different network method under one umbrella. TCP was later split into TCP and IP protocols and replaced the NCP protocol on the ARPANET. * After ARPANET, many networks that connected research centers and universities were created through National Science Foundation sponsorship. NSFNET and CSNET are two examples. In 1991, IBM, Verizon, and Merit created an organization called Advanced Network Services which created the ANSNET. * Other notable contributors were Ray Tomlinson, who invented e-mail, and Abhay Bhushan, who developed the original specifications for file transfer protocol (FTP). In 1983, Paul Mockapetris invented something that's key to the way we interface with the Internet: the Domain Name System. Devices connected to the Internet all have addresses that are a series of numerals. But most people aren't very good at remembering long strings of numbers. Mockapetris developed a way to let people type in word-based addresses that computers could cross reference with a database of numerical addresses. * In 1990, Tim Berners-Lee develops HTML, which made a huge contribution to how we navigate and view the Internet today. He also introduced WWW to the public on August 6, 1991. The World Wide Web (WWW) is what most people today consider the "Internet" or a series of sites and pages that are connected with links.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Invention of the Internet - Problems and Opportunities

...The invention of the Internet has created more problems than it has solved. Most people would have a higher quality of life had the Internet never been invented. From your perspective, is this accurate observation? Why or why not? Explain, using reasons and examples from your experience, observations and reading. The Internet at present time became a very important part of our life. It is the largest source of any information and a good communication channel. However some people think that the Internet does not improve quality of our life. Instead of help people get losses and other troubles. Let’s analyse advantages and disadvantages of the Internet. For instance, it is open for everyone who has a computer and modem. Thanks to modern technologies people receive very cheap channel to communicate via e-mail service or skype program and do shopping. Second, the Internet opened doors for new businesses like e-commerce and internet banking. Many people are involved in the Internet industry which accumulates huge revenues. IT companies’ stocks became one of the most popular investment tools due to high yield and rapid development. Moreover, the Internet is the richest source of information. There is no longer a need to go to the library and to spend hours for research, just open Google and you can find any information. On the other hand, the Internet is very often used for illegal aims like criminal activity or illegal broadcasting of adult movies. Criminals can steal confidential...

Words: 401 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

The History Of Technology In The 1980s

...Ever tried to live without the internet? How about your computer or even your cell phone? Before the 1980s it was not hard to live without them, for this technology had yet to be invented. Our technology keeps improving each year. Since the 1980s, we now have cell phones that are small and can fit inside our pockets; we have computers and the internet that will have an answer, whether false or true, to almost anything. We have smart boards, flat screen TVs, iPads, ear phones, and so much more technology, which we would not have had without the events that happened in the 1980s. January 28, 1986 at about 11:38 A.M. seven people lost their lives on the space shuttle challenger, including McAuliffe, who was the first civilian in space. It took...

Words: 1069 - Pages: 5

Free Essay

Top 10 Greatest Inventions

...Top 10: Greatest Inventions Of All Time Inventions are pretty useful things, in fact, inventions are very useful things. People are inventing new things all the time - unfortunately, the vast majority of inventions tend to be utterly useless; but every now and then someone comes up with something that completely changes the world and it is these few ideas that this hub is about. Now, there are, undoubtedly many equally great inventions as those on this list, but unfortunately it's had to be cut down to just 10. Things such as language have been omitted from this list for, while they are, indeed, quite useful, they were more developed out of necessity than invented; the same applies to fire - it has always been present on this earth, all we did was work out how to create it on a whim! So what are they? Read on.... 10 - The Wheel: I know what you're thinking: "what, those round things?" well, the short answer is "yes", the long answer: "yes it is". Point is, the wheel is the simplest invention in the universe - you need only scoop up a handful of mud, pat it into a circle and leave it in the sun to dry! So what's so great about it? Well, almost every land vehicle in existence uses wheels as do many many other things like anything with a belt drive (car engines, conveyor belts etc.) In fact, life would be pretty hard without it - but not impossible. The Incas and Aztecs, for example, despite coming up with fully working calendars and a vast knowledge of astronomy, didn't use wheels...

Words: 1371 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

New Economic

...Does the "New Economy" Measure up to the Great Inventions of the Past? Robert J. Gordon Stanley G. Harris Professor in the Social Sciences, Northwestern University Research Associate, National Bureau of Economic Research April 28, 2000 draft of a paper for the Journal of Economic Perspectives _____________________ This research is supported by the National Science Foundation. I have benefitted from discussions on these topics with many people, especially Erik Brynjolfsson, Joel Mokyr, Jack Triplett, and the late Zvi Griliches. "The invention of the semiconductor transistor set in motion a technological revolution that is arguably even more impressive and pervasive than that of the Great Industrial Revolution of the last century." -- Flamm (1997, p. 1) "The chip has transformed us at least as pervasively as the internal-combustion engine or electric motor" -- Fortune magazine, June 8, 1998, pp. 86-87. The miracle of U. S. economic performance in the late 1990s was a source of pride at home, of envy abroad, and of puzzlement among economists and policymakers. 1 The Federal Reserve presided over rates of output growth believed only a few years earlier to be unachievable even for a few quarters, much less over the four glowing years 1996-99. As the unemployment rate inched ever lower, the Fed reacted with benign neglect, so that early in the year 2000 short-term interest rates were no higher than they had been five years earlier and long-term interest rates were considerably...

Words: 17203 - Pages: 69

Premium Essay

5 Electronic Developments

...The five most important technological advances in Electronic Communication are the telegraph, the telephone, radio/TV, the internet, and cell phones. 1. The telegraph (in my opinion) is by far the most important electronic communications development in our history. For millennia societies have communicated over long distances strictly using the physical environment; smoke screens, reflected light, pyres, etc., have been used long before electric technology was introduced. While effective, the physical environment can only “reach” so far; the electric telegraph enabled entire regions, countries, and governments to connect instantly. The ability to send messages- or simply communicate- via electric wires was undoubtedly the fastest leap communications has ever seen; in a matter of decades the world was covered in wires. The telegraph enabled globalization, better government communications, and a widespread need to speak to one another. While the telegraph is somewhat obsolete today, the invention opened the door to the telephone, the radio, and (quite literally) laid the foundation of all electric communications. http://classroom.synonym.com/significance-samuel-morse-inventing-telegraph-10183.html http://history1800s.about.com/od/inventioninnovation/a/telegraph01.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraphy 2. The second most important electronic development would be the telephone. Founded on the same ideas as the telegraph, the telephone enabled people to literally “send”...

Words: 1352 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Impactful Invention

...Ngoc – Tam Thuy Ngo International innovation  Dr. Deli Yang The Two Most Impactful inventions in the world: iPad and World Wide Web Ngoc – Tam Thuy Ngo International innovation  Dr. Deli Yang The Two Most Impactful inventions in the world: iPad and World Wide Web 1. Introduction Nowadays, technology has become an irreplaceable part of human society. It is undeniable that tablets, smartphones and the internet has play an important role in recreating our world and making it become a better and more imaginative place. Yet technology cannot become what it has become without millions of brilliant inventors throughout the world. Two of the most impactful inventions that will be examined further in this final project are the Internet and the World Wide Web. The reasons behind this selection are because of the iPad and the World Wide Web has influenced so many people around the world. In another word, they changed the way human interacts with technology and with each other. The structure of the paper will start off with the background of the inventions, then follow with the patentability assessment, their impacts, reasons behind the impact, internationalizing patents and conclude with a concise and comparative (ending?) on the two impactful inventions. 2. Background 3.1. Ipad Ipad is an IOS – based line of tablet computers designed, manufactured and commercialized by Apple Inc. The first iPad was invented and developed by Steve Jobs in Cupertino, California...

Words: 4453 - Pages: 18

Premium Essay

Essays

...Necessity is the mother of invention.” This quote is commonly used to explain how another miraculous invention was discovered. Throughout history, many inventions have been created. The Industrial Revolution started in the late 1700s, and since then humankind has been developing at an exponential rate. Truly amazing and useful devices, such as the steam engine and telegraph, were invented. In the last 100 years, many inventions and innovations have been created that make society’s life better, and four devices stand out as the most useful: the jet airplane, the television, the laptop computer, and the cell phone. The first most useful invention is the airplane, invented in 1903 by the Wright brothers. The airplane has transformed not only this society, but also the entire world. Airplanes make it possible to travel long distances in a few hours, whereas before it took days or weeks to travel by horseback. In fact, a plane enables people to travel over high mountains and deep oceans with ease. It is as if the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans were small rivers and the Himalaya and Rocky Mountains were tiny hills to jump over. In addition, with the invention of the plane, the world is smaller because a person can now effortlessly travel from one country to another to work, study, or take vacations.   The second most important invention in the last century is the computer, and specifically the laptop computer with an internet connection. The computer was invented in the mid-1900s...

Words: 365 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Ritical Thinking

...what ways did Guglielmo Marconi's new communication technology pave the way for the current digital age? Answer: Guglielmo Marconi’s invention of the radio has now impacted today’s media. Even though it was not fully Marconi’s idea, but he was productoduced the radio. Marconi’s invention of the radio revolutionized his time. His invention helped with the government who used it for communications between ships. Today, Marconi’s invention of the radio has changed the way we communicate and receive our news and entertainment. We are just not using the radio for ships but for airplanes, trains, and even just regular walky-talky. Today we get our news fast and clear on the radio along with entertainment. We can listen to our favorite music or to the big football game. Marconi’s invention opened up the doors to big and better ideas for radio. 2. Question: The development of the Internet is often compared to the development of television. Television was a direct outgrowth of radio and represented a great leap forward from radio. What you think will be the next emerging “big leap forward” in mass media? Answer: The answer is not what will be the next “big leap forward,” but what is, and that is talking on the phone is now transforming to texting on the phone. When cell phones first were introduced, we were only able to talk on the new invention. Though as time went by we improved our neext. Where we can just send one another a few words and be done with it. The cell phone was...

Words: 752 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Internet Security

...Internet Security Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Table of Contents Abstract 3 Discussion 4 Background 4 Analysis 5 Conclusion 7 References 8 Abstract This paper focuses on five major areas of security issues on the Internet. Security concerns relate useful information to the average web surfer at home. There are tips on safeguarding one’s security and privacy over a network connection, plus some definitions of typical security problems individuals will come into contact with. The second focus of this paper includes the initial internet security measures. It will discuss the early security protocols and how technology has increased the security of the internet numerous times. Invention of internet security is the third topic of this project and focuses the invention and its impact on the Internet. The forth topic deals with the legal measures which have taken place regarding internet security issues. Finally, the fifth topic deals with the consumer privacy concerns, for the most part, people are becoming aware of internet security as online activities continue to skyrocket. As the technology becomes more available and easy to use, people seem to accept security risks in exchange for the convenience. Internet Security Since the early 1990’s, the solitary thing most people knew about internet security that there was a colossal computer network that had been inundated by a computer virus. Today it is difficult for anyone, to remember the...

Words: 1424 - Pages: 6

Free Essay

Enron Book Cookers

...1746 about two hundred monks each held a twenty five foot wire and connected them. This connection of wires became a catalyst to what we now know as the internet. Inspired by the monk experiment which proved the power of electricity, many scientists there after tried their luck at creating an electric signaling system, and some succeeded at producing different designs of the telegraph. Through these different modifications of the telegraph we now have one of the most important innovations of this time the internet, whose roots can be argued to originate from the telegraph. Through the Victorian Internet one learns that one small idea can expand into a larger idea or a web of ideas. When one finally produces their idea they may be surprised to find that their original plans for the use of the product may change when it is put on the market. People can come up with the brightest ideas sometimes without trying, and a lot of times inventions are made as solutions to common problems. There are also innovations, which are not original inventions, but one person takes another’s invention and makes changes to it with the hopes of making it better. The experiment with the monks in Paris of 1746 proved that electricity could travel long distances in a short period of time. After these findings it became evident that a device that used electricity to send signals would be more efficient than their present system of transmitting signals. This was indeed the first step in creating the telegraph...

Words: 953 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

A Computer/Tech Invention That Will Probably Shape This Century

...computer/tech invention that will probably shape this century (Exemplification essay) I believe that the most important invention that will shape the world this century is the Internet. Internet can be defined as the worldwide interconnection of individual networks operated by government, industry, academia, and private parties. Large numbers of people now have access to the internet. The number of individuals accessing the internet is growing exponentially. The Internet has made it possible for the everyday person to access information from pretty much anywhere in the world. This revolution in sharing information has changed the world dramatically. Now we can contact people from countries on the other side of the world with relatively no effort. It is because of internet we are able to search and access information, share ideas, sells products, and stay in touch with friends and family from across the globe. Internet is great for business. It has global reach and global audience. Customers don't have to sit in traffic, find a parking space, and walk through countless aisles to find and examine goods. And they don't have to drive all the way to a store, only to find out that the desired product is out of stock. In addition to this it stays open 24hrs a day and 7 days a week. You don't have to worry about weekends or federal holidays. From a consumer's perspective as well as a provider's, business can be consummated at any time. The fact that the Internet is operational...

Words: 663 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Comm 225 Wk 2 Paper

...from the initial discovery to the present day. I will also describe how mass media uses these technological innovations, analyze how the development of digital technology has affected the content, distribution, and style of electronic media and finally discuss how it has evolved overtime and made each and every one of us dependent on them. Historical and contemporary roles of media in society Technology plays a very important role in electronic and digital media and it is forever evolving. Digital and electronic media today is readily available with the invention of the Internet. The introduction of the Internet into the society’s everyday lives have brought about a convenience that has simplify the process in which we retrieve answers to questions. Society has grown dependent on electronic products, spending less time with people and more time on the Internet. Prior to the introduction of Internet; people would have to go to the local library to research to retrieve the answer to questions. People would also participate in face-to-face communication to ask questions of things they did not understand. Today’s society is in grossed in technology; they tend to engage in most conversations using social media, text messaging on cell phones and email. Discovery of Media. Today media has a major impact on society. Technology is ever shifting; society is forced to keep up with the...

Words: 889 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Is Google Making Us Stupid

...this quote explains the idea that the Internet has not only completely changed our lives forever but that nobody really knows how the Internet is making and changing our world. I definitely believe that the Internet has changed my viewing of the world and made my life a whole lot easier. Along with the fact that the Internet has made my life easier, it has also made me a much lazier person just by the simple fact that I can type anything into any search engine, such as Google, and receive an answer just by a simple “click” of my mouse. It really has made me think and wonder what life would be like without Internet, I seriously cannot even imagine it. I have grown up with Internet and do not know life without it. I consider myself to be somewhat of a lazy person and tend to slack in some areas of my life, I have been seriously considering if I did not have Internet to simplify my life’s needs that maybe I would become an overall less lazy person. I think chances are high for that and that I definitely would become automatically less lazy. I definitely agree with the author in the sense that Google, along with everything on the Internet, has made the human race a much lazier group and rely on a piece of technology instead of relying on each other and trying to improve ourselves as better people. I do not necessarily believe that the Internet has made humans become more stupid because people are still extremely intelligent and the Internet opened up an entire new realm of studying...

Words: 757 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Innovation

...http://cactus.eas.asu.edu/partha/Columns/04-16-AccidentInvention.htm Innovation through Accident Audrey was born in October 2000. Audrey was conceived with a lot of fanfare, much ado and of blue blood. She was well planned and conceived with high hopes. She had everything going for her—looks, money, fame, fortune, power, hype, high expectations and a perfect incubation. A scant six month later, Audrey died. Her parents wanted it to be a quiet affair, but it was not. The death of Audrey sent shock waves through the community. How can such a tragedy happen? In case you did not get to know or love Audrey, she was not human. She was a much-hyped breed of gadget called the Internet Appliance. A sleek looking thingamajig with a touch sensitive screen that wanted to adorn your kitchen counter. It is basically a stunted computer. It can surf the web, do basic Email, get stock quotes, check up on the weather, and some limited word processing all for a lot of money ($500 to get started, $22 per month henceforth). Alex was going on a vacation, to take time off from his job of growing bacterial cultures in little Petri dishes. He was studying the effects of mucus on Staph cultures in a somewhat grungy laboratory in London. He forgot to wash up his last batch before he went off, and when he came back two weeks later, he saw an amazing sight. A mold was all over the dish, but all the bacteria were dead. To cut a long story short, Alex, or rather Dr. Alexander Fleming, found...

Words: 2927 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

Nursing

...posts Re:Module 7 DQ 1 technology has placed a great part in my life. look how internet has come a long a way you can get on the internet just about anywhere.  wireless has made it so convienant to get on any where and at any time. especially for school you can log into class from anything that  has a internet connection. Hi Martha, You are absolutely true. Technology has brought many inventions in our life. The widely used technology is internet and it has come a long way. Several inventions such as smart phones, smart televisions and many more are only possible with internet. Todd Anderson  8 posts Re:Module 7 DQ 2 Professor, Yes technology'swill be to relied on for the future. we as a society have given up knowledge for electronics. Have you ever been in the store and the register was down and watch the cashier try and make change? It is a pathetic thing to witness. what about the new threat of electronic warfare? a computer can kill a entire grid with a few taps on a computer and you have instant chaos. Target stores with their current credit card fraud where a computer was hacked and thousands of peoples credit card numbers was exposed to crooks. the list goes on and on. Todd Anderson Hi Todd, I completely agree with you. There has been numerous incident in past few years about computer hacking and hackers getting into people’s personal accounts. Since we all know the technology invention and I think there will be something designed to stop this happening. But the question...

Words: 525 - Pages: 3