...After crushing the Theban revolt in late 335 B.C., Alexander returned to Macedonia to gather his forces and prepare for his invasion of the Persian Empire in Asia Minor. One year prior, in autumn of 336 B.C., all the Greek states – minus Sparta – appointed Alexander the supreme commander of the Greek “war of revenge” against the Persians. In the spring of 334 B.C., Alexander’s campaign was finally in order. He set out for the Hellespont with over 30,000 infantry and over 5,000 cavalry. One of Macedonia’s most respected generals, Parmenion, was in charge of ferrying Alexander’s army across the Hellespont, which took 160 triremes and many more freighters. Alexander would be the first Macedonian to disembark, doing so in full battle array, casting his spear upon the banks of Asia Minor, claiming it as his own. Once disembarked, Alexander and a few of the Companions, most notably...
Words: 1942 - Pages: 8
...Gaugamela (331 B.c.). He drove his soldiers on, crossing the mountains and deserts of central Asia, until he reached the borders of India (326 B.C.). There he finally turned back, retreating to Babylon, where he established his court. At Babylon he fell sick and suddenly died, at only thirty-two years of age (323 B.c.). Alexander hardly had time to organize his new empire, and this makes it all but impossible to know how he would have been as a ruler, instead of a conqueror. After his death, Alexander's empire fell apart and was ruled by his successors, Macedonian generals who became kings of independent areas. Most of these rulers continued Alexander's policies of toleration and cultural integration. Alexander's remarkable military success made him a legend, already in his own time, and his accomplishments certainly changed the direction of history: at the very least his conquests provided for a rich blending between the cultures of the Greeks and those of ancient Mesopotamia and Iran. His "larger-than-life" status and his sudden and mysterious death, however, have made it difficult to...
Words: 13773 - Pages: 56
...elites in all European states using nationalism as a vehicle to manipulate their populations. The Balkan Wars deserve study because they show the burgeoning role of nationalism in European politics and set the precedent for events that unfolded later in the twentieth century. Historians often attribute nationalism as one of the major causative factors WWI. This statement cannot be blindly accepted because although nationalism is clearly one of the dominant trends of the twentieth century, it was still in its infancy before WWI. The decision to go to war is decided by rulers, not at least initially by the populace. Therefore, nationalism is worthy of definition, especially with respect to a region as complex as the Balkans, where these issues are still a problem today. Although a myriad of definitions of nationalism could be given, a useful starting point would be to suggest that people who share a common culture, language and ethnicity live together in a state where sovereignty resides in the people. Nationalism often leads to the idea that a nation has a claim to land which is sacred and non-transferable. This is demonstrated in the aggressive policy of French...
Words: 2517 - Pages: 11
...his profession, having been engaged in mining in the copper mines. After the birth of Martin, family moved to the mountain town Mansfeld, where his father became a prosperous burgher. In 1501, by decision of the parents Luther entered the University of Erfurt. In 1505, against the wishes of his father he entered the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt. Luther took his monastic vows in 1506 and in 1507 was ordained a priest. In 1511 Luther was sent to Rome. The trip has made lasting impression on a young theologian. It was there where he first met and saw firsthand the corruption of the Roman Catholic clergy. In 1512 he received his doctorate in theology. After this, Luther was appointed professor of theology. On October 18, 1517, Pope Leo X issues the bull of absolution and the sale of indulgences in order to...
Words: 2334 - Pages: 10
...Dagayah D. Edillo ARISTOTLE Background Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was born circa 384 B.C. in Stagira, a small town on the northern coast of Greece that was once a seaport. When he turned 17, he enrolled in Plato’s Academy. In 338, he began tutoring Alexander the Great. In 335, Aristotle founded his own school, the Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent most of the rest of his life studying, teaching and writing. Aristotle died in 322 B.C., after he left Athens and fled to Chalcis. Aristotle’s father, Nicomachus, was court physician to the Macedonian king Amyntas II. Although Nicomachus died when Aristotle was just a young boy, Aristotle remained closely affiliated with and influenced by the Macedonian court for the rest of his life. Little is known about his mother, Phaestis; she is also believed to have died when Aristotle was young. Philosophy: Social Issue: ARISTOTLE’S PHILOSOPHY AND THE SOCIAL ISSUE OF POVERTY “Poverty is the parent of revolution and crime.” -Aristotle “The rich man’s wealth is his strong city; the destruction of the poor is their poverty.” Poverbs 10:15 KJV. This verse connotes that rich people have their riches to rely on by that means denying the Glory of God in their lives. And the poor have no such reliance but if they don’t trust God through their hardship, these rich and poor people will be destroyed through criminality. Being without things, having little money, not many material possessions and...
Words: 498 - Pages: 2
...Losing their independence made the Greek city-states easily conquerable by the Romans because they lost their unity as a military and were influenced politically by those they were conquered by. Before the Peloponnesian Wars began Greeks wanted to preserve the sovereignty of each city-state because they thought the independent city-state structure was a suitable political system. Athens wanted more power so they created the Delian League so that they can have power over the other city-states. Sparta and other Peloponnesian states feared Athens held too much hegemony over them but Athens wanted to maintain the power. With Sparta and Peloponnesian states disagreeing Spartans invaded in 431 B.C.E against Athens but failed. Spartans failure led to a brief peace between them and Athenians from 421-418 B.C.E after the peace Athenians attacked neutral states in the Aegean. The war led to the defeat of Athens, with the defeat the Delian League fell. The fall of the Delian League was a big result to the Peloponnesian wars because Athens lost all it power. Not having control over the other city-states and their loss of the military they no longer could have a...
Words: 430 - Pages: 2
...In the 5th century BCE the City State of Athens pioneered an experiment in direct democracy, as opposed to the representative democracy of modern societies. This form of governance was also copied by her allies and colonies at the time, but it has rarely been attempted anywhere else since. Direct Democracy has two preconditions. First, the community must be small enough for citizens to be capable of understanding the issues, knowing all of the options and alternatives, attending debates and voting on every issue. Second, its economy must give citizens enough leisure time to engage in politics. In the ancient world this meant that slaves were needed to do most of the work. Both conditions prevailed in Athens at this time. Switzerland in the...
Words: 1143 - Pages: 5
...Amos – despised religious festivals, prophet to Israel, God holds every nation to standard of general morality Hosea – married to Gomer, marriage symbolized God’s relationship with Israel Gomer – wife of whoredom either cultic or idolater Isaiah – 8th century prophet, split up into 3 parts, Emmanuel prophecy syro-ephraimitic war, 1 Isaiah announcing salvation, 2nd Isaiah exile, 3rd Isaiah post exile Ahaz – father of Hezekiah Hezekiah – good king, brought reforms, destroyed idolaters Manasseh – evil king, brought back idolaters Josiah – good king, repeated Hezekiah reforms centralized worship in God’s temple in Jerusalem Ezekial – mentions abominations in temple, people were bowing to sun god (bum to God relieving themselves), laid on side for over a year, ate food from cow dung, symbolized the way Israelites had to eat in exile, announces new covenant Habakkuk – complains to God, God sends Babylonians/ Hasmoneans Jeremiah – weeping prophet, The Book of Jeremiah records the final prophecies to Judah, warning of oncoming destruction if the nation does not repent. Jeremiah calls out for the nation to turn back to God. At the same time, Jeremiah recognizes the inevitability of Judah’s destruction due to its unrepentant idolatry and immorality Tiglath-Pileser III – Assyrian King, dispersed people in given nation, caused intermarriage and loss of identity Sennacherib – general Assyrian leader, attacked southern Israel kingdom, unsuccessful, 180...
Words: 1446 - Pages: 6
...Alejandra Fraguada Ancient & Medieval Western Civilization Contributions of Greek Civilization to Western Civilization. Ancient Greeks made many influential contributions to western civilization such as in the areas of philosophy, art and architecture, math and science. These contributions, which are also the achievements of ancient Greece, include certain things in the areas of philosophy, art, architecture, math and science. The ancient Greeks were a remarkable civilization in that they have made all these contributions and achievements while simultaneously fighting two wars, the Peloponnesian wars and the Persian wars. Luckily for western civilization, Greece carried on through these hardships and managed to achieve one thing after another, ultimately contributing a vast amount to western civilization. In the area of philosophy, Greece had made many influential contributions to western civilization. Greek philosophers were great thinkers who were determined to seek truth to a certain subject or question no matter where it led them. Three of the most famous philosophers in Greek history include Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato. Socrates, who lived from around 470 to 399 B.C., believed that life was not worth living unless it was examined and the truth about life was sought out. He also believed that there had to be certain standards for justice and punishment. In order to solve problems in life, Socrates invented a method for solving these problems called Socratic...
Words: 825 - Pages: 4
...Alexander the Great (356-323 B.C.E.) was a Macedonian king that went on to conquer Persia, Syria, Mesopotamia, Egypt, and many more. His kingdom ranged from the Mediterranean to the border of India. He died at the age of 32 and is remembered as one of history’s most brilliant military leader and most powerful ruler. People argue that Alexander the Great was a villain whereas other people argued that he was hero. Alexander the Great was more of a villain than he was of a hero. He was a destructive ruler that wanted to unite all of mankind under one type of government. Even though he was a brilliant military leader that was able to conquer many different places and expand his empire throughout the world, he killed a lot of people to get expand his empire and also killed a lot of people to gain the power and position that he was in. Even though he was a man that was able to expand his empire and had smart tactics, many of his ways included the death of innocent people. Alexander the great was a destructive person that killed people to get the power he had and to get to his position. Even though document 3 explains how he was a great military commander, his ways were very gruesome and vicious. In Document 2, it states how Alexander was destructive and how he used purges to get his way. A purge is the removal of a person or group from a place or organization. Two examples of how Alexander the Great used purges during his reign was the murder of Attalus and the dispatching of Parmenio...
Words: 718 - Pages: 3
...Vullnet Limanoski politics Assignment 2 Pro. Sappie 3) I have decided to choose the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, and its Balkan neighbor Albania for this assignment for many reasons. First both countries were under communist rule for almost 50 plus years in the 20th century, and seceded from communism about the same time in the early 90s, both countries recognize each other’s nationality as an ethnic minority with in their borders, and also recognize each other’s languages as minority language, however there are some differences between Albania and F.Y.R.O.M to keep in mind for example, Macedonia was under a south Slavic federation for most of the 20th century called Yugoslavia, ruled by Josip Broz Tito and Albania was at one point almost completely isolated by itself under Enver hoxha’s oppressive communist regime. In Albania to qualify for presidency you must be an Albanian citizen by birth who has resided in Albania for no less than 10 years and who has reached the age of 40, in addition to this the president of the Republic of Albania is in every case elected for 5 years, with the right of reelection only once. To run for presidency in Macedonia you don’t have to be born in Macedonia to run for presidency, but he President of Macedonia is elected in general and direct elections, by secret ballot, for a term of five years. A person may be elected President of the Republic two times at most. The President of the Republic shall...
Words: 1210 - Pages: 5
...Unit 1 Introduction to Humanities Individual Project Tenisha Greene HUMA215-1101B- AIU Online Instructor Marek McKenna, MA August 25, 2012 Differences and Similarities Early Greece Early Rome |The Greeks were responsible for various temples and such sculptures as the Parthenon, the temple at| |The Roman empire built some of the grandest structure amongst all other early civilizations. | |Hephaestus, and the concert hall Odeon. The three architectural styles the Greeks used to build | |The Romans built aqueducts, the amphitheaters, the coliseum, walls, temples, cathedrals, | |structures were Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. These styles were used to create palaces, sculptures,| |tombs, sculptures, pottery, and clay terra cotta statues. The Romans specialized in arched | |art, and jewelry. During the archaic times the Greek culture made grade stride with their | |entrances and columns. The three architectural styles the Romans used to build structures | |sculptures, pottery and clay terra cotta statues. | |were Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. | | | ...
Words: 1412 - Pages: 6
...ARISTOTLE’S PRUDENCE IN UPHOLDING THE VANISHING FILIPINO VALUE; DELICADEZA A Termpaper Presented to Dr. Rodrigo Abenes,PH.D Rogationist Seminary College-Manila In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Course Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy Submitted by: Sem. Joseph Jeric C. Umangga ARISTOTLE’S PRUDENCE IN UPHOLDING THE VANISHING FILIPINO VALUE; DELICADEZA I. INTRODUCTION Ancestors during their times are known for being disciplined and decent citizens.[1]Ancient law makers had filled the Philippines through instituting laws, rules and regulations to provide the citizens a peaceful and orderly way of life. Through the obedience of the Filipinos, they had practiced to be always properly conducted every time in accordance with the place they dwell with. Later on, Filipinos have found the conclusion which is to include the value called Delicadeza as one of the Filipino values. II. DELICADEZA AS A VALUE Delicadeza is a Spanish word coined from “Delicado” which means fragile, irreplaceable and precious.[2] In Spanish it can mean many things – ‘delicacy’, ‘kindness’, ‘tact.’ The word implies a care for what others think and the accordant behavior this requires from the person in act. When one does not exhibit delicadeza then one does not care what others think and will behave despite what has been deemed ‘improper. ’ Delicadeza, in this sense, can be seen to underline a sense of community...
Words: 2975 - Pages: 12
...1. What were the most significant differences between Archaic Greece and the Golden Age? During the Archaic Age, Greek city-states formed; with this brought different styles of government such as oligarchy, tyranny and democracy. This is also the era that Greeks started to develop personal freedoms and rights. In Athens free men were considered citizens that could vote. It was during the Archaic that the Greeks also started to develop artistic expression and thinking more about the ways the world around them functioned. During the Golden Age, Greeks fine-tuned their democratic government, Athens- which had been the most democratic city-state, expanded that role as it began to form alliances with other strategic communities. It was during the Golden Age...
Words: 1602 - Pages: 7
...SUMMARY OF THE PUNIC WARS The three Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome took place over nearly a century, beginning in 264 B.C. and ending with the destruction of Carthage in 146 B.C. By the time the First Punic War broke out, Rome had become the dominant power throughout the Italian peninsula, while Carthage a powerful city state in northern Africa had established itself as the leading power in the world. The First Punic War broke out in 264 B.C. when Rome interfered in a dispute on the Carthaginian controlled island of Sicily. The war ended with Rome in control of both Sicily and Corsica and marked the empire's emergence as a naval as well as a land power. In the Second Punic War, the great Carthaginian general Hannibal invaded Italy and scored great victories at Lake Trasimene and Cannae before his eventual defeat at the hands of Rome's Scipio Africanus in 202 B.C. that left Rome in control of the western Mediterranean and much of Spain. In the Third Punic War, the Romans, led by Scipio the Younger, captured and destroyed the city of Carthage in 146 B.C., turning Africa into yet another province of the mighty Roman Empire. Origin of the first Punic War Carthage had, in the 260s control of much of Sicily. This mattered little to Rome for it had few direct interests there. Thus when a complicated little dispute arose in the city of Messana in 264 and one side appealed to Carthage while the other appealed to Rome no one thought it was any more than...
Words: 2846 - Pages: 12
