...Name: Hoang Nguyen Period: 2+3 Date: 05/18/18 Immanuel Kant’s Philosophy ~~~Moral is reason~~~ The main claim of Immanuel Kant is that morality come from reasoning (crash course). A thing is moral because it a right thing to do - the existence of itself is already consider good - , not because it has a good consequence. As an alternative way to put this, if a thing is acknowledged as rationally good, it is moral. So how do we know it is rationally good like Kant said? I will discuss about it later on. But first, you have to know why we must live according to that moral law. Can’t we do the bad thing if we want? Agreeing with Kant’s argument, we can’t, it is our duty to fulfil it. He reasoned all living thing ( except human ) always act...
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...Taylor Dordick Philosophy 320.19 December 11, 2013 Final Question 3 Friedrich Nietzsche and Hannah Arendt both wrote extensively about the foundations of moral philosophy and the formation of the ethical self. Nietzsche, in “On the Genealogy of Morals”, centers his own moral philosophy on the concept of a supra moral individual, which he specifically defines in terms of someone who is effectively free and sovereign, not bound by the bourgeois “morality of custom”. Defined as acting autonomously, capable of “measuring value” and being “entitled to make promises”, such an individual gains the cherished freedom of “responsibility” which is ultimately internalized as “conscience”. Arendt, in “Responsibility and Judgment”, focuses on the notion of a moral individual who is in “harmony” with his or herself, a state of mind that is gained from independently considering and arriving at fundamental moral guidelines. Like Nietzsche, Arendt asserts that moral beliefs and decisions must stem from this sense of internal harmony and justice, as opposed to simple obedience to demands imposed from outside. However, Arendt anchors her own portrayal of moral autonomy in more Kantian terms of a categorical imperative and ultimately a sense of dignity and self respect that derives from acting with conscience. Nietzsche begins his second essay titled “‘Guilt’, ‘Bad Conscience’, and Related Matters”, with a mixture of observation and sarcastic wit, “The breeding of an animal which is entitled to...
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...Truth - Tell the truth Respect - Respect others (don’t spread rumors or gossip) Understanding – Understand and accept others Support- Support others during good and bad times Thank -Thank others for being in your life Final Project Summary Statement * Address the following: What are my core personal values, those virtues and elements of character that make me who I am? My core personal values consist of honesty, trust, and being the best person you can be. Nobody is perfect and we don’t need to be perfect, however, always putting your best foot forward and doing your best is all that matters to me. I believe trust and honesty fall hand in hand with each other. It is important to always be honest, even if you know you did something wrong. Therefore, if you are not honest then you break the trust. * What are my personal strengths as a moral model? More specifically, what moral awareness, feeling or action do I bring to the classroom or workplace? My home? The moral feeling that I bring to my class is respect. I respect all of my students regardless of their behavior. Some students walk into my classroom with a disrespectful attitude from the first day. Some teachers feel they need to treat those students the same way so that they can see how it feels. I, on the other hand, believe that it is important to treat people the same way you want to be treated. We as educators need to lead by example. * Who am I as a future role model...
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...Individual Deliverable Assignment 1: The Moral Compass Essay The Role of Human Values in Business Leadership Qiannan Xu Jun 22, 2015 My Personal Integrity Chinese cultural development is significantly influenced by Confucius who is one of the greatest teach, editor, and politician in Chinese history. Confucianism exerts a deep impact on Chinese society. It conveys the ideal of social and political ethics to us. According to Kaplan (2015), “The rise of Asia in our time has a great deal to do with how the social stability encouraged by Confucianism has interacted with modern capitalism” (p. 2). The two most important ideologies of Confucianism are “humaneness” and “virtue,” which are considered as the foundation of moral principles. As the Master Kong says, “Kindness is the best quality of the soul.” We always bear in mind that we should be good people. My vision of the good life is that I could always live with a kind heart. One day, we could achieve something in our life. We would also go through some unexpected setbacks along the road. Whenever we get frustrated, we should cherish gratitude to our life and get back on track with optimistic attitude. Instead of focusing solely on ourselves, we could try to contribute to the society with our own efforts. Schwartz (2010) argued that “Gratifying our most immediate needs and desires provides bursts of pleasure, but they’re usually short-lived” (p. 2). Such satisfaction is irreplaceable and valuable. As the Master...
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...my first job and had face a ethical dilemma, which does relate a relationship among virtue, values and moral concept. What I believe is that we are taught at a young age about the difference between from right and wrong when facing any dilemma and what to do is right, by making the right decision. “ Business ethics is the study and evaluation of decision making according to moral concepts”( Business Ethics, 2010 ). Company There was a time working in a grocery store, which I started very young and there was a lady in my department who was a manager. This manager was having marriage problems, but also doing drugs, which had a effect on her job performance, by not showing up to work or always late, so what I use to do was to cover her up and do most of her job as a department manager. I knew that by doing her job was not right, but on the other hand I have learn about being a manager at a young age. The next thing that came to mind knowing her situation, which I felt bad about it, because she was a nice person, but going through my mind was it the right thing to do was to cover for her or go with my values and morals, by doing the right thing not to cover for her. I can say this was a big dilemma, because I had to...
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...BOOK REVIEW of Bush, L. Russ. The Advancement. Nashville: Broadman & Holman, 2003. APOL 500 LUO (fall 2013) Introduction to Apologetics Liberty Baptist Theological Seminary Christopher R. Townsend (#2600628) September 16, 2013 CONTENTS Introduction 1 Summary 1 Critical Interaction 3 Conclusion 6 Bibliography 7 Introduction This is a critique of L. Russ Bush’s The Advancement. In order to properly ascertain the individual components as well as the overall success of Bush’s work, this article deploys the use of a general summary, followed by a section of critical interaction, and finally a conclusion. In the end, elements of Bush’s argument prove invaluable, while others miss their target. Summary Chapter 1 begins with an historical review of the modern worldview formation. This includes first the secular worldview, inspired by the focus on freedom inherent in the Enlightenment. Bush then begins to explore the details of the Christian alternative. This discussion reaches a climax as he notes the contrast of the new and old worldviews. “In the earlier view there is a natural stability in both history and in nature. Progress or decline are products of a person’s relationship or lack of relationship to God, and neither is inevitable historically (15).” Ultimately Bush concludes, “The older worldview is not true (just)...
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...Exposing the Psychological: Fraudulent Actions in Accounting Kareem R. Nuru Savannah State University Abstract My study is about going through the mind of an fraudulent accountant and visualizing the process of committing this crime and why. By figuring out this process maybe businesses and corporations can have an early detection and prevent the fraudulent act before it destroys a company. Psychologically the mind of a human is set up in different ways that people cannot understand the motive of fraud. What if psychology is the key to figuring out questions that every company wonders? For instants, Why is accounting fraud happening? Where it usually happens? How can accounting fraud being done? What causes accountants to commit this action? When can companies detect accounting fraud? Keywords: Fraud, Detect, Prevention, Accounting, Fraudulent, Mind, Psychology, Crime Introduction Worries about fraud have been of down to earth noteworthiness for whatever length of time that composed records have been kept, and for sure may be a noteworthy purpose behind the advancement of composing and record keeping. A great part of the extortion writing begins with a recitation of scandalous bookkeeping and corporate outrages and cheats, and these regularly energize open intrigue and concern. Worry with misrepresentation and cubicle wrongdoing influences open trust in organizations as differing as securities exchanges, ...
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...humanities. They are broadcast frequently on our television commercials with catchy slogans and songs, “Get your degree online in less than 10 months” and “Don’t wait! call now for a quick, easy and affordable college degree!” Are all of these readily accessible “training schools” really helping our society flourish? Or are they having a negative effect on the future of our country? But I must debate that college is a place of development, and should not be a school of fast paced training programs. Unlike the fast track schools, a traditional form of study that dates back to the twentieth century, a liberal arts education, which focuses on the development of an individual, that is willing to grow in all aspects of life, from stretching their minds to sharpening their intellects. This is where students come to evolve, to learn, to ignite their passions. As author...
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...Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Subject: English Literature (Classic and Modern), Book Report/Review Date: Topic: The Theory of Moral Sentiments: Reflections on “Of Sympathy.” I. Introduction of the subject, scope, and type of book The book, “The Theory of Moral Sentiments” by Adam Smith was published in the year 1759.The genre of the book is Human Nature and Morality. It is a book by an intellectual, trying to understand what the borders of spirituality are, but unable to reach it. Spirituality is all about experiencing and it transcending mind-level reasoning. The book, however, from the secular point of view, is the foundation stone for the later works of Adam Smith on the subjects of ethics, philosophy, psychology, politics, justice, economics, arms and methodological underpinnings. II. Summary of the content of the chosen part: Reflections on “Of Sympathy.” In “The Theory of Moral Sentiments” (1759), “Adam Smith defines sympathy as the effect that is produced when we imagine that another person’s circumstances are our own circumstances, and find their reaction to the circumstances to be reasonable.”(Yupangco) However, the similar feelings we experience in our inner world is with less intensity. Because we are not the direct party for that experience and as such we do not share the events that created the response in the concerned individual. It is a sort of ‘fellow feeling’ according to Smith. Sympathy is the spontaneous passion...
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...The purpose of the summary is to elucidate the importance of a personal ethical perspective and to scrutinize the affiliation between professional and personal ethics in psychology. The summary will analyze by taking into account the results of the Ethics Awareness Inventory (EAI). Ethics Awareness Inventory In today’s society, there is a fine and invisible line among individuals and professionals: ethics. The meaning has become so multifaceted that people’s views about ethics have become unstable and broad. Ethics relate to moral principles to guide individuals and to teach them how to conduct themselves in society by differentiating between rightness and wrongness. The standard of right and wrong defines the aspect of ethics. Ethical dilemmas will arise and will bring a tangle of questions to the professional. The professional will wrestle with questions that will be hard to admit to themselves and others (Pope & Vasquez, 2011). It is human nature to make rushed decisions and mistakes makes humans question their professional and personal ethics. Ethics will help the professional answer those tangled questions. An ethical awareness will let the professional weigh the choices that will affect the lives of colleagues, the public, and the clients. An ethical awareness will free the professional from the restraining webs of fallacy, carelessness, daily pressures, and habit (Pope & Vasquez, 2011). After taking the Ethics Awareness Inventory, a summary of the findings will...
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...Independence is arguable the most important and wide known document in American history. On July 4, 1776 this document signaled America’s separation from the British Empire to the world. America is defined by the men and the minds, behind the declaration; most notably by the author, Thomas Jefferson. The boundaries of the government and rights of its citizens were crucial during the formation of this constitution since these principles were exactly the reason for the uprising of the original thirteen colonies. Thomas Jefferson dedicated most of his life to the crucial needs of America and its government in order to form a true republic of the people. Like many of the Founding Fathers, Thomas Jefferson strengthened his beliefs through personal studies and deep examination of European history. Many history books will tell that the contributing factors that formed Thomas Jefferson’s ideas of the identity of America were linked to events such as the Reformation, the Renaissance, and the British Country party. However, one man’s works continually surfaced in Jefferson’s political and even private writings. John Locke, a British Enlightenment philosopher, was repeatedly referenced in documents like the Declaration of Independence, the Notes on the State of Virginia, and the Summary View of the Rights of British America. Jefferson repeatedly used Locke’s concepts as would even sometimes use the exact same phrases. This would make Thomas Jefferson, the first ever American to plagiarize! The irony...
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...Case Study 8 Summary: Ragu Inc. has been a leader in selling Spaghetti sauce in the USA since 1972 later that same year Hunter-Wesson Foods Inc. decided that they would try to enter the market after careful market studies they came up with a sauce whose slogan was “Extra Thick and Zesty”. Just before hunt introduced their product “Prima Salsa” Ragu Introduce a new sauce with the same Slogan similar to the hunts product it even had the same picture of the product as the Hunt Ad had. Hunt executives claimed that Ragu stole their idea and there is confusing the minds of the consumers but Ragu explained that they were just a response of competition between two companies but hunt said there is’nt the case as Ragu has the most domination in sales in the marketing and felt that they were not fair. In 1990 Ragu introduce a sauce which called as “Ragu fresh Italian” but the FDA cited Ragu to use the word “Fresh” as preservatives are used to make the product. In 1993 Campbell introduced its Prego sauce whose ad was similar to Ragu, Ragu then sued Campbell for “misleading Ads” since Campbell did not Ragu’s Thick and Chuck sauce to do the Ad comparisonAt the end of 1993 Ragu sales dropped From 50% while Campbell sales went up from 20%. Question and their Solutions: Q#1: I think Ragu is just a worried but careless competitor who did not have any idea of the ethics of advertising and packaging they paved the way for the other competitor to copy and paste the idea of product that one...
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...are right in proportion to the degree of happiness they produce and wrong in proportion to degree of pain they produce. The principle of utility defines ‘good’ as happiness or pleasure and the goal of a moral action is the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Utilitarianism is a teleological theory meaning that final causes exist in nature. So the rightness of an action is determined by its consequences and not by the motive. So if the consequences are good then the motivation, even if it is negative is not even considered. The principle of utilitarianism is usually expressed as ‘the greatest happiness for the greatest number.’ The form developed by Bentham is commonly applied to each individual situation. Bentham’s form is better know as Act Utilitarianism. He believed that pleasure and pain identified what we should and shouldn’t do. He also claimed that the quantity of pleasure/happiness for the greatest number of people, therefore he devised the ‘Hedonic Calculus’ this considered seven principles, each of which could be given a numerical score. The key to utilitarianism is to consider the consequences of a particular action rather than just saying that an action is intrinsically wrong in and of itself. Actions are morally neutral only their consequences have any moral value – they are not intrinsically good or bad. Bentham argued that these consequences could be calculated by the hedonic calculus. The Hedonic Calculus consisted of seven principles, each of which could...
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...PHL 101 11 March 2012 A Summary of the problem of evil and a critical evaluation of how it is said to undermine the traditional characteristics of God. This paper will attempt to review the philosophical quandary of the existence of evil and if evil exists can God exist and if so can this God still be declared perfect? The epistemological issue that arises is One’s knowledge of God and the validity of God’s existence. What is good and what is evil? The Merriam-Webster Dictionary defines evil as: 1. a : morally reprehensible : sinful, wicked <an evil impulse> b : arising from actual or imputed bad character or conduct <a person of evil reputation> 2 a: archaic : inferior b : causing discomfort or repulsion : offensive <an evil odor> c : disagreeable <woke late and in an evil temper> 3 a : causing harm : pernicious <the evil institution of slavery> b : marked by misfortune : unlucky For the purpose of this paper, we will use the first definition. Evil is a trait that we as human beings possess. Whether we choose to use it is up to the individual. But what is evil? Do we as humans consciously choose to be good or evil? What plays a role in bringing out that evil? We next need to look at what is God and does he exist? God as defined by Merriam-Webster is: 1. capitalized : the supreme or ultimate reality: as a : the Being perfect in power, wisdom, and goodness who is worshipped as creator...
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...Since the ancient Greeks, one of the most provocative and oft-discussed questions in philosophy has been whether we have free will in determining the course of our actions, or whether our actions are determined by forces beyond our control. Before the advent of secular thought, those forces might have been identified as the whims of the gods, though the tradition of naturalism in Western thought goes back at least as far as the Milesian School of Greek Philosophy, in the 6th century B.C. In more recent times as the cognitive sciences have developed, it has seemed increasingly likely that our brains work along deterministic lines (or, if quantum effects are non-negligible, at the very least along mechanical lines). So a new debate has arisen: are the concepts of determinism (or naturalism or mechanism) when applied to the brain sciences logically compatible with free will? So some of the attention has shifted from the debate between the “determinists” and the “anti-determinists”, to that between the “compatibilists” and the “anticompatibilists”. Two declared opponents in this debate are Peter van Inwagen (author of An Essay on Free Will, Oxford University Press, 1983) and Daniel C. Dennett (author of several books including Elbow Room, MIT Press, 1984, which I will be referencing here). Each argues for his conclusion from premises he regards as antecedently plausible, with van Inwagen taking the anti-compatibilist line and Dennett the compatibilist. As van Inwagen is the more...
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