...Topic: Smoking General Purpose: To persuade my audience about the negative effects on smoking Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience about the negative effects through education Thesis: There is no doubt that smoking cigarettes is an extremely harmful habit rooted in our culture that needs to be ended. Introduction I. Attention Getter: Have you ever had to watch your loved one that you know suffer or die from smoking? When I was just eight years old I witnessed my great-grandma die from lung cancer. Distraught and confused, I asked my mom for an explanation and she simply held up a cigarette. I don’t understand how something so small and accessible can have such a huge impact on a person’s life. Whether you’re currently an avid smoker or despise the addicting habit, there is no denying the negative consequences that come from smoking cigarettes. Today, over millions of people all over the world voluntarily choose to poison their bodies with countless harmful toxins all leading to one eminent result: a prompt and unavoidably strenuous fatality. I. Thesis: There is no doubt that smoking cigarettes is an extremely harmful habit rooted in our culture that needs to be ended. II. Preview: Today I am going to talk to you about the negative effects smoking imposes on your body, how educating people about this harmful habit will prevent more deaths and possible resolutions to this problem. III. [Transition: Preview the introduction] Body I. Problem: The negative effects...
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...Q 1. Cigarettes are often cited in economics texts as an example of a particular type of market failure. Identify that market failure, and illustrate the failure using an appropriate diagram. Ans. Cigarettes represents a market failure of externatilities. They are sited as negative externality as they affect the wellbeing of the bystander and the person neither pays nor receives any compensation for that negative effect. A smoker enjoys the puff of the smoke and the bystander inhales the fumes of the cigarette and indirectly suffers health hazards. And if the bystander fells sick because of the smoke as one reason he will not be compensated by the smoker for the ill- health and therefore, smoking has a negative impact on a person who has not paid for the cigarette and still has suffered a loss. This reduces the MSB by the extent of the negative effect on bystander; hence the socially efficient smoking is less than the free market level of smoking. A Negative Externality in Consumption can be analyzed by a decrease in the marginal social benefit of consumption below the marginal benefit to consumers. (If a smoker benefits $8.20 and non-smokers lose $4.00, then society as a whole benefits $4.20) S = MC D = MB 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 E Price of a pack of cigarettes Quantity of cigarettes $14 12 10 8 6 4 2 MSB MSB curve shifts downward by the amount of the externality --- the marginal external effect Q 2. Many economists believe that a Pigovian tax...
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...1. Study Design 2. Use of FDA’s Study Results in Selection of Images 3. Comments on FDA’s Research Study C. Comments to the Docket 1. Comments Submitting Research on FDA’s Proposed Required Warnings 2. Other Comments D. Selected Images 1. ‘‘WARNING: Cigarettes are addictive’’ 2. ‘‘WARNING: Tobacco smoke can harm your children’’ 3. ‘‘WARNING: Cigarettes cause fatal lung disease’’ 4. ‘‘WARNING: Cigarettes cause cancer’’ 5. ‘‘WARNING: Cigarettes cause strokes and heart disease’’ 6. ‘‘WARNING: Smoking during pregnancy can harm your baby’’ 7. ‘‘WARNING: Smoking can kill you’’ 8. ‘‘WARNING: Tobacco smoke causes fatal lung disease in nonsmokers’’ 9. ‘‘WARNING: Quitting smoking now greatly reduces serious risks to your health’’ 10. Image for Advertisements With a Small Surface Area E. Non-Selected Images 1. ‘‘WARNING: Cigarettes are addictive’’ 2. ‘‘WARNING: Tobacco smoke can harm your children’’ 3. ‘‘WARNING: Cigarettes cause fatal lung disease’’ 4. ‘‘WARNING: Cigarettes cause cancer’’ 5. ‘‘WARNING: Cigarettes cause strokes and heart disease’’ 6. ‘‘WARNING: Smoking during pregnancy can harm your baby’’ 7. ‘‘WARNING: Smoking can kill you’’ 8. ‘‘WARNING: Tobacco smoke causes fatal lung disease in nonsmokers’’ 9. ‘‘WARNING: Quitting smoking now greatly reduces serious risks to your health’’ 10. Image for Advertisements With a Small Surface Area IV. Comments Regarding Textual Warning Statements A. Changes to Textual Warning Statements B. Attribution to the Surgeon General C. Foreign Language...
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...Smoking For several decades, smoking remains one of the most common problems in the world even though people are aware of the health risks involved in smoking. Smoking causes harmful effects in the body. There have been numerous reports linking cigarette smoking to diseases such as cancers of the lung, mouth, heart attacks, and other ailments. Moreover, smoking in public areas is an unhealthy habit because it harms not just the smokers, but also others who breathe the smoker’s cigarette smoke, that called secondhand smoke or passive smoke. Most studies of the effects of smoking focus on the public health aspects. However, smoking also negatively impacts on society through environmental problems and economic problems. Therefore, Federal and State Government should ban smoking in public area. When thinking of disease caused by smoking, the first one that comes to mind is always lung cancer, but there are many other serious diseases that are associated with smoking. Smoking damages nearly every organ of the body and diminishes a person’s overall health. Most of the substances contained in tobacco smoke are harmful to the body such as: tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide. They are the major cause of cancer as well as the heart attack, stroke and peripheral arterial disease. Actually, in 2010, the Surgeon General at U.S Department reported that: “Smoking is a leading cause of cancer and death from cancer. It causes cancers of the lung, mouth, throat, kidney, stomach as well as acute...
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...Introduction Smoking is one of the biggest health problems seen throughout the United States. It is estimated that cigarette smoking contributes to around 450,000 deaths every year and cost the U.S. $193 billion annually in direct medical expenses and lost productivity (Porter 2013). Cigarette smoking is an addictive habit and for the majority of smokers is very hard to quit, especially by themselves. It is difficult if one is a non-smoker to grasp and understand the dynamics of the addiction and successful quitting usually requires a significant amount of assistance and support. Nurse practitioners are there to provide professional assistance by helping patients take the appropriate steps and measures to ensure their success in smoking cessation. Difficulty of Smoking Cessation In general, most people who smoke know smoking is bad for their health and can contribute to many other health problems and even death, so why can’t they just quit? If it were that easy there would be significantly less smokers in this country. The problem is not the desire to quit but rather the actual act of stoping smoking for good. The fact of reality is there are plenty of smokers out there who want to quit but just can’t due to the complexity and addictive nature of the habit. The three main components of tobacco smoke include; tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine (McEwen 2014). Most of the health issues that arise from smoking cigarettes are directly linked to tar and carbon monoxide components...
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...Ban Smoking in America Americans waste billions of dollars each year on tobacco products. Other drugs that are harmful, such as crack or marijuana, are illegal in the United States. If certain harmful substances are illegal, then cigarettes should not be permitted either. Smoking cigarettes are a proven killer of millions worldwide annually, but is perfectly legal. Cigarettes have a large affect on society in the area of environmental problems it carries with it. Smoking obviously pollutes the air and it definitely causes a lot of litter. People who smoke usually throw their butts anywhere such as out a car window, in someone’s yard, or even in a stream. Litter from cigarette butts is such a big problem because they take 18 months to 10 years to biodegrade. According to the New Jersey-based American Littoral Society, experts say: Cigarette butts rank at the very top of litter problems -- not just for their ubiquity, but for their toxicity and non-biodegradable nature…An estimated 1.7 billion pounds of cigarette butts accumulate in lakes, oceans, on beaches and the rest of the planet annually. (Carlozo) Not only are the cigarette butts ugly to look at, they also adversely affect wildlife. Cigarette filters are made to trap the carcinogenic agents in the tobacco and when they are thrown on the ground, those substances make their way into aquatic ecosystems which could be a threat to the quality of water. Also, there have been cigarette butts found in the stomachs of fish and...
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...INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use, or vaping, in the worldwide is increasing. Less than a decade ago, the e-cigarette was an obscure product marketed as a safe, tobacco-free alternative to conventional cigarettes by a single company in China. Seven years ago, the electronic nicotine delivery device entered the US market. Today, health officials, policy makers, and researchers are all scrambling to keep up with a rapidly expanding, wildly controversial, and largely unregulated $3 billion global industry that has, at last count, 466 brands, 7,764 flavors (bubblegum, cherry crush, bacon, java jolt, menthol), and slick, youth-oriented Big Tobacco marketing designed to create the perception that e-cigarettes are not only safe, but cool. Non-nicotine, but an abundant amount of toxic chemicals produced by the combustion of tobacco are the cause of well-known health problems. E-cigarette vapor contains no or only minimal quantities of potentially harmful substances. Hence it can be assumed that vaping in adults is much less harmful than smoking of cigarettes. Furthermore, no data exist that e-cigarettes will encourage youngsters to become cigarette smokers. E-cigarette vaping has the potential to reduce the daily number of cigarettes smoked or facilitates cessation of smoking in heavily nicotine-dependent smokers, who keep on smoking despite a structured smoking cessation program. Health professionals should be aware of this type of nicotine substitution, since the...
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...In China, should smoking in public places be prohibited? In recent decades, the number of the smoker in China has increased significantly, and the issue of whether smoking in public places should be banned or not has been widely argued. The term ‘smoking in public places’ refers to the phenomenon of having a cigarette in the area where many people gather. This essay will argue that smoking in public places should be prohibited. The reasons for this include the health issues caused by smoking, negative effect on public environment and the related safety problem. It is argued that the main negative aspect of smoking in public places is the extremely harmful influence on health. For the smokers, their lungs and throats can be damaged seriously. Moreover, the incidence of cancers, especially lung cancer and laryngeal cancer, to the large extent is increasing because of smoking. Additionally, smoking in public area will also affect other people’s health. The harmful chemicals contained in the second hand smoke may cause a series of disease, such as heart disease and respiratory disease. Undoubtedly, banning smoking will make a large difference on these related health problems. Another reason to prohibit smoking in public places is its negative impact on the environment. Firstly, plants can be poisoned by the harmful chemicals released by smokers. In addition, the smoke also contains a large amount of particles, which adds greatly to the air pollution. Thirdly, during the production...
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...Cigarettes should be made illegal Name Institution Affiliation Cigarette smoking is estimated to cause more deaths than all other controlled substances combined each year. Cigarette related illnesses are believed to cause more than 400,000 deaths in the United States each year (Jha, 2014). People choose to smoke a cigarette without considering the adverse effects it will have on them. Cigarettes should be made illegal because they are addictive, very harmful to the smokers, the people who inhale second-hand smoke and the environment. Cigarettes should be made illegal because they cause different kinds of cancer. Cigarette smoking is known to be one of the main contributors of the deaths caused by cancer. It causes lung, throat, oesophagus, nose, and stomach cancer among others with cigarettes causing ninety percent of all lung cancer issues. The cancer harm caused by smoking should be one of the reasons why cigarettes should banned (Jha, 2014). Smoking affects not only the smoker alone but also the people who inhale second-hand smoke and the surrounding. Second-hand smoking is said to cause more harm than smoking the cigarette itself. The smoke also pollutes the environment to a big extend. It would not be unfair to allow people who do not smoke to face adverse effects of smoking because of second-hand inhalation of smoke. Cigarettes are bad for the mouth and teeth. They cause tooth decay that makes the teeth wear away. The smoke also stains the teeth leaving them yellow...
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...Tobacco in America Edward Seavey Drugs and Society Professor Fuchs DeVry University TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction p. 3 II. History of Tobacco p. 4 III. Social Acceptability p. 6 IV. Medical Issues Related to Tobacco Use p. 8 V. Public Health Campaign p. 9 VI. Legal Measures to Ban Cigarettes p. 10 VII. Conclusion p. 12 Introduction Tobacco and nicotine are legal substances in the United States but are surrounded in a flurry of conflict and controversy. Tobacco can be used in the form of snuff, chewing tobacco, traditional cigarettes and more recently the electronic cigarette. After heavy advertisement and use over the past decades there have been many studies that have shown the negative health effects that tobacco can have on the individual and those around them. Tobacco use is the leading cause of lung and mouth cancers in the United States and also plays a role in many other organs such as the heart and lungs. Armed with this information the government and many other agencies have taken to public health campaigns to raise awareness of these negative effects. In recent years there have been many laws put into place to control tobacco ranging from increased taxes and prohibiting where it can be used. This paper is going to lay out how tobacco production helped shape the United States, how it was an acceptable act to partake in and how in modern times it is becoming a health and legal issue and whether or not it is okay for the government...
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...amongst ______ students to get their insights on smoking and also their personal experiences with it. We divided the questionnaire for smokers and non-smokers. We managed to get a total of 50 participants in which 60% were non-smokers and 40% were smokers. The questions regarding smoking facts were answered by both sides. Both smokers and non-smokers seem to have just a slight understanding on what smoking really does to the body and to those around them. Based on the findings, we recommend that students be exposed to the real dangers of smoking. We suggest exhibitions, competitions, talks or maybe even a health class. TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS-----------------------------------------------------vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY-------------------------------------------------------vii I. INTRODUCTION-------------------------------------------------------1 Background Statement of the Problem Purpose of the Study Scope II. RELATED LITERATURE-------------------------------------------- III. PROCEDURES--------------------------------------------------------- IV. FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS---------------------------------------- V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS----------------- REFERENCES LIST------------------------------------------------------------- APPENDIX—SURVEY INSTRUMENT------------------------------------ LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS TABLES 1. EFFECTS THAT ARE CAUSED BY SMOKING------------------------------- 2. MEDIA...
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...The Success of Smoking Cessation for Patients of Schizophrenia In Relation to Age Alex B. Dvorak University of San Francisco The Success of Smoking Cessation for Patients of Schizophrenia Based on Age Cigarette smoking is the most abused form of preventable death, counting for almost half a million deaths in the United States annually (Center for Disease Control, 2015). More startling is the prevalence of smoking among people with Schizophrenia; an estimated 53% smoke tobacco (Evins et al., 2014). This rate is up to 5 times higher than the general population, causing an increase in smoking-related death (e.g., Addington, 1998; Dutra, Stoeckel, Carlini, Pizzagalli, & Evins, 2012; Pachas et al., 2013; Zammit et al., 2003). Thus,...
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...SMOKING BAN – OHIO STATE LAW As early as the days of Christopher Columbus accidentally mistaking our beautiful country, the United States of America, for our Eastern hemisphere friends India; there has been a major agricultural product whose historical prominence still exists to this very day. That product is the tobacco plant. Early settlers of our great nation grew and brought this very plant from various parts of the world. Little did they know that the tobacco plant would eventually be rolled into a piece of filter paper, added to other harmful substances, and turn into one of the largest health addictions mankind has ever faced. It was not until the two World Wars of the 20th century, where the fad of cigarette smoking skyrocketed (“The History of Smoking”). During the period of the World Wars, medical research was still in its infancy stages and no corollary was established between cigarette smoking and its adverse health effects. It was not until 1964, when the United States Surgeon General stated that cigarette smoking was directly linked to lung cancer (“The History of Smoking”). This is when the government decided it was the best to intervene since the safety of its citizens was at stake. In today’s day and age, cigarette companies have expanded in various different markets and are a part of a multi-billion dollar industry. Unfortunately even with all the technological advances and modern day medical practices that mankind has discovered, cigarette smoking is still...
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...Cigarette Smoking; awareness, attitude among Maritime Students Presented to Maritime Education Program In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the English 4M by: Dann Vincii Sanguenza Mark Kevin Lerin Marlone Sabacajan Rechiee Jonson Charlie Alonzo Gabrinao Ronald Perez March 2013 Dedication The researcher would like to dedicate this study to: To the researcher’s family who had always been supportive throughout their studies, for the love and care they have bestowed. And to the reader’s (cadet and cadettes), may this be their guide in time. To our instructor, Mr. Jundee Roxas who never failed to teach and guide us, To the researcher’s respondents who had been eager and diligent in sharing their experiences, for the trust and accommodation. To God Almighty who is the source of everything, for giving the strength and wisdom to complete this research. Abstract This study entitles if the BSMT students are aware about the danger in smoking and their awareness the researcher decided to qualifi all year levels to get their age and gender. The researcher make a guide questionnaire to determine if most of the BSMT students are engaged in smoking and if they know the risk and the reason behind. The answer would be based in their observation, perceptions and experience. This research will use a survey method for it is the most appropriate to gather the information needed. Rationale of the...
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...Should Cigarette Smoking be Made Illegal? Name Institution Date A cigarette is a small cylinder like filled with cut tobacco leaves and rolled in a paper and ignited for smoking. In most countries, tobacco smoking is legal due to the businesses motives and also the people who are addicted. They cannot do without it. It has immense consequences, and it should, therefore, be illegal from the effects to the smokers, passive smokers and all the human beings due to the pollution of the environment. The following are some of the consequences from smoking tobacco: Smoking tobacco has no healthy benefit due to the diseases it brings to the smoker. The continued smoking leads to high risk of lung cancer, heart attacks, blood clots, browning of teeth and makes the breath and clothes to stink. These diseases especially the lung cancer has led to so many deaths of the cigarettes smokers and hence the making of the smoking illegal should greatly help in the decrease of these deaths. The smokers also cause these effects to the non-smokers (passive smokers) and they become victims of the same diseases especially to close members of the family and the pregnant women to the unborn where they are born unhealthy hence the cigarette smoking should be made illegal (Nelson,2012). Tobacco smoking leads to heavy tolerance and dependence to it and hence becomes addicted due to the nicotine in it. This makes the users have craved for it and difficult to stop using it. People who have psychological...
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