...GUIDE: MODULE/WEEK 1 Derived from the course text book, The Essence of the New Testament: A Survey (2012), and the New Testament documents. Chapter 1: How We Got the New Testament 1. How many documents does the New Testament consist (1)? 27 2. The New Testament was written approximately between AD ¬¬¬_45___ and _100___ (1). 3. What materials were the New Testament documents written upon (1)? Leather and paper scrolls 4. What are the original New Testament document called (1, 2)? autograph 5. What is a codex in reference to the early New Testament writings (2)? Modern day books 6. What is the name of the Latin codex collection (2)? Ta Bibla 7. In the study of the New Testament, to what does the term canon refer (2)? Authoritive books 8. What three languages did God choose as the media for his self-revelation (2)? Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek 9. The Old Testament was primarily written in ____Hebrew__ (2). 10. Parts of the Old Testament were written in __Aramaic____ (2). 11. The New Testament was written in __Greek____ ______(2). 12. New greek______ ______was the language of the common people during the first century AD (2). 13. Why do you think God allowed the autographs to vanish (3)? To avoid biliolatry 14. In spite of the absence of the autographs, approximately 5,000 Greek manuscripts and an additional 13,000 fragments of the New Testament documents exist, providing significant manuscript evidence for New Testament scholars (3). compared to early writings ...
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...Amos Darowksi BIB329NA Prof. Jeffrey Garcia The Signs of the Messiah The central theme of the Old Testament Holy Books is the coming of the Messiah and the establishment of the Kingdom of God among people. Despite their great antiquity, the Old Testament prophecies have in no way lost their actuality. They help the believing person to understand their faith more deeply and fully. To the unbelieving person, they serve as proof of the existence of God and His participation in human life. Just the fact that the prophets could prophesy the occurrences of the future, with such accuracy and with such detail, hundreds and thousands of years in advance, gives witness that God spoke through them. The goal of the Old Testament prophecies was to prepare the Jews, and through them all of mankind, for the coming of the Savior of the world, so that when He came, He could be recognized and they would believe in Him. However, the task of the prophets was difficult for several reasons. First of all, the Messiah was to be not only a great person, but at the same time God. For this reason, the prophets were faced with the task of revealing the Godly nature of the Messiah, but in such a way, that it did not give rise to polytheism, to which ancient people were so prone, Jews included. Secondly, the prophets had to show that the work of the Messiah would consist not only of the external improvements of living conditions but more importantly the goal of His coming into the world...
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...languages on three continents by forty authors. Kings, peasants, educated men, a doctor, a prime minister, a tax collector a rabbi, a fisherman are among the authors (McDowell, 1973). While it discusses numerous issues, and each book has different purposes, the overall themes of creation, the fall of man and redemption are clear throughout (Williams, 2002). Military historian Chauncy Sanders mentions three criteria scholars use in historiography (Williams, 2002). When applied to test whether the scriptures we have are the same as the original documents, that is to test their accuracy, these are manuscript evidence (textual), Biblical evidence (internal) and historical evidence (external) (Zuckeran 2003). First we need to examine the number of manuscripts available. The more ancient texts there are to support a particular wording or fact, the greater chance of accuracy. There are over 53,000 documented Greek manuscripts and thousands of Latin Vulgate and other versions or fragments of New Testament manuscripts...
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...The salvation story begins in the Old Testament with Abraham, the father of the ‘big 3’ monotheistic religions (Christianity, Islam and Judaism). In Genesis chapters 12-22 we find Abraham asked by God to go forth spreading his message making him the first real prophet speaking of God and the salvation story. Throughout the story of Abraham, God put him through many tests of faith including asking Abraham to sacrifice his son to God in the ultimate test of dedication and faith in the Lord. Because Abraham had agreed to God’s will, his son was saved and God did not require Abraham to go through with the sacrifice. As a reward for the faith shown to God, he made Abraham the father of the nation Israel and his offspring would grow to be a great nation. This is the formation of Israel as a nation and the beginning of the salvation story. Abraham spread the message of God’s promise of salvation to his people. After man sinned and was thrown from the Garden of Eden, God put his plan of salvation into action and promised to send his Son as the ultimate offering of love to bear the sins of the world through his death. When looking at the New Testament we see the answer to all of the prophecies in Jesus Christ, sent by God to atone for the sins of mankind. Now after the formation of the great nation of Israel, God’s people, they fell into slavery and oppressed by the Pharaoh of Egypt. Israel required deliverance out of Egypt, and in the book of Exodus, God sent forth another prophet...
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...The Formation of the Canon, 5-6 page paper. Thus far we have come to a closing about the date and source of the individual books of the New Testament, but another questions remains unanswered. We can ask ourselves, how did the New Testament itself come into being? Who collected the writings and on what ideology? What conditions led to the creations of a canon, of trustworthy books? Throughout history Christian’s belief is that the Holy Spirit, who controlled the writing of the individual books, also controlled their selection and compilation, thus continuing to fulfill our Lord’s promise that He would guide his disciples into all reality. This however, is something that is to be discerned by spiritual insight, and not by historical research. The object is to find out what historical research reveals about the origin of the New Testament canon. We have people tell us that we receive the twenty seven books of the New Testament on the mandate of the Church; but even if we do, we have to look at how the Church came to recognize these twenty-seven books as worthy of being placed on a level of encouragement and authority with the Old Testament. It took over a century of the proliferation of numerous writings before anyone was even concerned. They started to pick and choose and it was largely a cumulative, individual and accidental event, guided by chance and prejudice more than objective and scholarly research, until priests and academics began declaring what was authoritative...
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...love, hate, death, sin, marriage, civil laws, and relationships with each other as well as with God. Although these works were written independently, they show an amazing congruency and they never contradict each other! When Paul writes "All scriptures is inspired by God (II Tim 3:16)", his primary reference is the Old Testament, which was completed 400 years previously. This is not to say that the verse doesn't apply to the New Testament as well, but Paul's subject matter was the Scriptures Timothy was taught as a child. Paul believes the Scriptures are "God-breathed"; that is they hold the same authority as if God were to come down and speak to you directly. Every word recorded in the original documents is considered to be chosen by God. So, our first point is that the testimony of Paul establishes a point of view that holds the Scriptures very highly. We know that the early church believed the Scriptures were inspired, we must now find out how to demonstrate that fact. Before going too far, I would ask your friend what type of evidence is he willing to accept to demonstrate the Bible as the Word of God? We obviously cannot go into a laboratory and test for "God residue" on the text, so to ask for scientific proof is impossible. (Likewise, asking for scientific proof that one loves his spouse is absurd. True science is limited to making claims on that which it can disprove through experimentation. Since science does not have...
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...Clay Crumpler September 9, 2014 CHHI 301 Paper 1 The Foundation of Orthodoxy and the Canon How did we get the New Testament? That is a good question. Well we know that the New Testament is twenty-seven books ranging from AD 45 to approximately AD 100. (1) The New Testament was not written as one continuous book. Many different people at differing times and different locations wrote the books and then they were compiled much later. Who, then, decided which books should be included in the New Testament canon and which ones were to be left out?(2) In the Bible in 2 Timothy chapter 3 verses 16-17 "All Scripture is breathed out by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, and for training in righteousness, that the man of God may be complete, equipped for every good word.” This is telling that God breathed out the message he wanted in the Bible so that all of us may learn from it and get to know him more. Even Jesus said in Matthew chapter 5 verse 18 “For truly I tell you, until heaven and earth disappear, not the smallest letter, not the least stroke of a pen, will by any means disappear from the Law until everything is accomplished” He talks about how the word of God was inspired to be the way it is and no one should change it because it is how God breathed it to be. The Cannon is a permanent list of authoritative book recognized as scripture. The word of God was written in three languages Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek. (3) We do not have the original...
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...Introduction to the Bible as Literature English/Religious Studies 115 CRNs: 32306, 32307, 32306, 35587 Lincoln Hall 120 Monday and Wednesday 9:00-9:50 am Friday Sections Professor Rachel Havrelock Associate Professor Department of English raheleh@uic.edu Office 1909 University Hall Office Hours: Monday, Wednesday and Friday 1:00-2:00 pm Professor Scott Grunow Lecturer Department of English Cobelli@aol.com Course Description This introductory class presents a literary perspective on the Bible. Texts from the Bible stand at the center of analysis, while accompanying textbooks help us to contexualize biblical materials within history. Each week revolves around a particular theme with one lecture on the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament and one on the New Testament. Themes include creation, birth, the hero, the mountain, the community, the Temple, suffering, and the end of time. As we place biblical texts in their historical contexts, we will consider the Bible as a literary work with distinct genres, themes and conventions. The thematic connections between the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament will be explored at the same time that differences in their style and message are investigated. While reading the Bible, we will develop a vocabulary for discussing literary texts as well as a vocabulary specific to texts from the ancient world. This lively and pluralistic course provides a thorough introduction to the literature of the Bible. Course...
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...the Old Testament Submitted to Dr. Homer Heater, Professor of Biblical Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the completion of OBST 515 –D11 Old Testament Orientation I by Wuan D. Miller November 29, 2014 Introduction Christopher J. H. Right, author Knowing Jesus Through the Old Testament, is an Anglican clergyman and an Old Testament scholar. A Ph.D. graduate of Cambridge, he currently is the Director of International Ministries for the Langham Partnership International. Wright records at least ten years prior to the release of this work, three things inspired him to research this topic; his students at Union Biblical Seminary who listened to his initial thoughts; John Goldiway’s articles related to the Old Testament and Christian faith; and a friend, Jim Punton, who personally requested that he write a book on how the Old Testament influenced Jesus. Thus, Wright explores the connection between Jesus and the Old Testament with the intention of showing how his identity, mission, and values are interwoven within its metanarrative. In doing so, he prefaces this work with his conviction that “the deeper you go into understanding the Old Testament, the closer you come to the heart of Jesus.”[1] While there is much to be gained from Wright’s work, a critical examination of the underlying themes will reveal a need for further evaluation of critical theological foundations for understanding Jesus in the context of the Old Testament. Summary ...
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...Dennis Cramer Ministries Level One Level One School of Prophecy © All rights reserved. No portion of this material may be reproduced without written permission of the author. The “Personal Prophetic” Mandate “The Lord does not want you to be just a prophetic man going here and there, sharing a prophetic word. He wants you to lay a prophetic foundation. He wants you to lay out a whole program whereby you go into a church and lay a prophetic foundation within the very framework and infrastructure of my people.” (personal prophecy spoken over Dennis Cramer, Oct. 1996) The “Amos” Mandate Amos said, “I do not come from a family of prophets neither am I a professionally trained prophet with a scholarly background... I have no formal prophetic training or education of any kind. Still, the Lord has commanded me to prophesy!” (Amos 7:14,15) The “Equippers” Mandate “And He gave some to be prophets—for the equipping of the saints” (Eph. 4:12). The Greek word for equipping implies: A recovered wholeness, as when a broken limb is set and mends. A discovered function, as when a physical member is properly operating. The task of the gifted leader is to cultivate the individual and corporate ministries of those he leads. As the “equipper” his job is to help each member find his function in God, experience wholeness in his ministry, and to help each member find his place of service to God. The “Communicators” Mandate “Educators take something simple and...
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...Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Completion Of GLST 500-D05 global studies survey By Clarence Hudson November 8, 2014 Contents Introduction 1 Old Testament and New Testament Texts Related to Mission 2 The Nature of God Relates to Mission 5 Mission Theology Relates to Other Aspects of Theology 6 Key Themes and Motifs of Mission Theology 8 Mission Theology Related to the Missionary, Church Leaders and Lay People 10 Conclusion 11 Bibliography) 12 Introduction “Mission is what we do.” It describes the specific task of making disciples of all the nations. It also includes your neighbor, church, employment, relatives, friends, across town, or in different states. Mission is not just one of a list of things that the Bible happens to talk about, it is somewhat more urgent than some. Mission is, “what it’s all about. With that said, this paper will visit the Old and New Testament in relations to missions, how the nature of God is reflected in missions, how mission theology relates to other aspects of theology, key motifs found in missions theology, as well as how missions relates to missionaries, church leaders and lay people. Old Testament and New Testament Texts Related to Mission In the beginning God created heaven and the earth. (Genesis 1:1KJV) He was on a mission to form the world and when he created mankind, they are to worship and serve Him as a sovereign in His kingdom. The Bible alone proves that missions weren’t...
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...4:17, “From that time Jesus began to preach and say, ‘Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.’” The phrase ‘from that time’ refers to the arrest of John the Baptist. From this event, Jesus chose to launch His public ministry. Matthew goes on to talk about the calling of the first disciples, Simon Peter, and his brother Andrew, who were fishing. (Matthew 4:18-20). Jesus promised them that He would make them fishers of men. Jesus was beginning to build His kingdom. Jesus then called James and John fishermen, who were tending to their nets in their boat. (Matthew 4:21-22). In Matthew 4:23-25, Jesus went around the region proclaiming the message of the kingdom. He healed people and the people responded from far away. Matthew 5:1. “Now when he saw the crowds, he went up on a mountainside and sat down. His disciples came to him, and he began to teach them saying...” It was custom that the preacher to sit and the people listening to stand, but I think the people did sit on the mountainside and listened to Jesus. Jesus had been proclaiming that the kingdom of heaven was at hand, and was calling the people to repent. This sermon was the longest message of Jesus. Jesus’ posture was that of a King sitting on his throne, laying down the...
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...Bible, more commonly known as the Old Testament of the Bible. Their belief systems contrast each in various ways like there practices, celebrations, beliefs, and history each faith leads to similar ideologies and regulations through the sense of morality and society. The Hebrew Bible The Hebrew Bible has three main divisions: the Torah (meaning “teachings” or “instructions”) which were given to Moses on the stone commandments, Nevi’im (known as the Prophets), and Ketuvim (which is the Writings). The Prophets has subdivisions, the first subdivision is the Torah that’s written in the eyes of the Jewish people and tells their history. Vast topics are referenced throughout the remaining sections; the Writings, is a collection of hope from the people of Israel through the use of poetry, psalms, proverbs, and prayers (Gill, 2011). But, regardless of the section, “Do unto others as you would have done unto yourself,” which is the golden rule is the primary concept portrayed through the Hebrew Bible. The text used by Judaism is called the Torah. The Torah is sometimes referred to as the Five Books of Moses they are Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy; the Written Torah can also be referred to as the complete Jewish Bible which is considered as the Old Testament to the Christians. The followers of the Jewish religion do not believe in an Old Testament and New Testament of the Holy Bible as the Christians do, the Jewish text only sees the Old Testament as valid and only as a part of...
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...beginning the christian life “Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; the old has gone, the new has come! All this is from God, who reconciled us to himself through Christ...” 2 Corinthians 5:17-18 If you have accepted Jesus Christ as your personal Savior and Lord, then you are a Christian. According to the New Testament, you are also a new creation. You are beginning a whole new life! And just as a newborn baby needs certain things in order to be healthy and to grow up, so do you, as a new Christian, need certain things to grow spiritually. First, you need to be in fellowship with other Christians. It is through fellowship that you will learn more about God and about how to live as a Christian. You should plan to attend church regularly and join a kinship group so that you can develop close friendships with other believers. Vineyard has many kinship groups that meet on different days and in different locations throughout central Ohio. Choose one that is convenient for you so that you can be encouraged in your new relationship with God! Second, you need to pray, which is simply talking to God. Prayer is how you will grow in your relationship with God and how you can begin to allow Him to work in areas of your life. And third, you need to read the Bible on a regular basis. It is through the Bible that God will speak to you about Himself and your life needs. Beginning the Christian Life Series was developed by Vineyard Christian Fellowship of Columbus for new...
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...these were Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah of the tribe of Judah. And the chief of the eunuchs gave them names: Daniel he called Belteshazzar, Hananiah he called Shadrach, Mishael he called Meshach, and Azariah he called Abednego. (Daniel 1:3-7 RSV) Daniel, from the Hebrew word meaning God is my Judge, is one of the major prophets of the Old Testament (see Old Testament Fact File), and of the New Testament (see New Testament Fact File) since much of the prophecy given to him corresponds to that given to the apostle John in the Book of Revelation, and for our time now - Jesus Christ Himself specifically referred to events recorded in The Book of Daniel (Matthew 24:15) that would occur just prior to The Return Of Jesus Christ. Daniel was of royal lineage (Daniel 1:3), probably born in or near Jerusalem about 622 B.C. during the reign of Josiah (see Kings of Israel and Judah). In the third year of the reign of King Jehoiakim, about 605 B.C., the Babylonians under King Nebuchadnezzar, besieged Jerusalem, looted the original Temple that had been built by Solomon (the complete devastation would come later, about 586 B.C.), and took a number of the people of Judah away into exile in Babylon. Among them was the teenage Daniel (Daniel 1:1-3). Despite being a prisoner-exile,...
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