...3 Research Questions 8 1.4 Structure of the Dissertation 8 2. Literature Review 10 2.1 Introduction 10 2.2 The 21st Century Business Environment 10 2.3 The Notion of Technology 11 2.4 The SWOT Framework 14 3. Research Methodology 17 3.1 Introduction 17 3.2 Justification of Theoretical Approach 17 3.3 Research Paradigm 17 3.4 Research Methodology 18 3.5 Ethical considerations 21 3.6 Challenges Encountered 21 3.7 Alternative Approach 22 4. Discussion and Findings 24 4.1 Introduction 24 4.2 Case Discussion and Analysis 24 4.3 Case Findings 29 5. Conclusion 31 5.1 Key Findings and Recommendations 31 5.2 Limitations 31 5.3 Future Research Options 32 6. Appendix 33 Appendix A: References 33 Appendix B: Interview Questions 36 Appendix C: Activity Plan 37 Abstract Gone are those days when firms used to just blindly invest in technology and forget. In this era of rapidly changing market needs and increasing use of technology, it is extremely significant and almost mandatory for firms to formulate a strong socio-technical network involving both technical and non-technical artefacts and structured around the organizational business strategies in order to attain set goals. Corporations all across the world especially Multi National Corporations (MNCs) which work twenty four hours round the clock and possess some of the best brains of the world, innovatively use technology as part of their business and operational processes. Similarly...
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...Institute of Business and Information Technology PU, Lahore Project Report “Procter and Gamble” Organization Theory and Design F10BB (Morning) Submitted To: Ma’am Heena Saleem Submission Date 11th June, 2014 Group Members: Abeeha Mahmood F10BB038 Taliha Ghazi F10BB037 Saba Javed F10BB008 Komal Asim F10BB036 Fatima Mushtaq F10BB004 Zunaira Mumtaz F10BB018 Table of Contents Brief History and Background of the Organization: 3 Structure of the Organization: 6 Structural Dimensions of the Organization: 7 Goals, Strategies and Effectiveness: 10 P&G Goals and Objectives: 10 P&G Company Strategies: 13 Organizational Strategies: 14 The External Environment Analysis: 16 Technology: 17 Life Cycle Assessments: 20 Innovation and Change: 21 Conflict, Power and Politics: 25 Procter and Gamble Brief History and Background of the Organization: Procter & Gamble is the largest consumer goods company in the world and sells products under more than 80 brand names. The Procter and Gamble Company is today more familiarly known as P&G, and it has grown from its humble roots as a Cincinnati soap maker to one of the 20 largest multinational corporations in the world (based on sales). P&G took a long time to become the wonder brand they are today. The path to success took a lot of creativity and innovation. P&G invented branding in the 19th century; since then it has acquired products...
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...Introduction Procter & Gamble is one of the world’s largest producers of consumer goods and it was founded in 1837. Recently, Procter & Gamble is operating in 50 countries and serving nearly five billion customers with a series of brands across beauty, healthcare and food industry which generate which create more than 1 billion revenue annually. The purpose of this essay is to discuss how the diversification strategy changed Procter & Gamble in Singapore over the last ten years. The main position in this essay is that diversification can be considered as one of the main strategies used to assist Procter & Gamble build up business competitive advantage. This essay will use theoretical evidence from literature review to analysis the impact of diversification on Procter & Gamble in different time period. The analyses of Procter & Gamble will be carried out in 3 perspectives: the operation of business, the performance of business and the brand of business. Literature Review & analyses of organization Diversification can be defined as a strategy used to increase the range of products or markets of organization. (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2008) There is a range of reasons result the diversification of organization such as spreading the business risk and increasing the business expectation of stakeholder. (Johnson, Scholes & Whittington, 2008) But the result of research from Aisjah and Subroto (2011) indicated that there are two main...
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...leveraging what your business does best to create a competitive advantage.”(Lafley, 2008) COLLABORATION AND INNOVATION AT PROCTER & GAMBLE CASE STUDY Prepared by: xxxxxxxxx Lawrence Technical University Management Information Systems, MIS-6013 Professor Patrick Mach Evans February14, 2012 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Analysis 6 Conclusion 16 References 17 Introduction When the typical consumer hears the name Procter and Gamble they might think of Ivory Soap, Tide, Pantene, Pampers, or possibly Swiffer. The reason being is that these are a just a few of the everyday household products that have been contributors to the huge success of Procter and Gamble. But when another consumer product company hears the name Procter and Gamble – they think of innovation, leaders on the cutting edge of technology, and one of the front runners in globalization. Procter and Gamble, also known as P&G, has been a key element of American business for over 150 years. In 1837 a small soap and candle company formed in Cincinnati, Ohio. This little business, named after brother-in-laws, Procter and Gamble, has since grown to a global giant with 138,000 employees working in more than 80 countries. (P&G Revolutionizes Collaboration with Cisco, 2008) P&G is the largest manufacturer of consumer products in the world and one of the top 10 largest companies in the world by market capitalization. (Laudon & Laudon, 2012) p.75. Proctor and Gamble realized strong...
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...Managing Change in Organizations Assignment MANAGING CHANGE IN ORGANIZATIONS Case Study of Procter and Gamble (P&G) Introduction The world of business is facing different changes in the environment which create opportunities and threats. As a result, businesses make changes in different processes that are related to work place more abruptly and often compare before. This is because these changes can influence the speed and quality of the performance of companies including:acquisitions, merging, innovation, restructuring and downsizing which can result to the growth of climate of uncertainty (FEAP n.d.). Currently, the business world is facing different changes that are related to technology, regulation and competition and economic condition which affect theperceptions and behavior of the customers and other stakeholders of the company. Due to this, change is considered as inevitable in the world of business, because change constitute growth and development. According to Peter Drucker, any change in any organizational culture and management is considered as normal and healthy (cited in Dulebohn 2006, p. 37). It will be impossible for any business to grow and improve without improving any changes in order to cope with the changes happenings in the environment it’s operating. Any change to be done inside and outside the organization can help the entire organization to adjust to the current situation of the market and industry, by improving...
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...MANAGING CHANGE IN ORGANIZATIONS Case Study of Procter and Gamble (P&G) Introduction The world of business is facing different changes in the environment which create opportunities and threats. As a result, businesses make changes in different processes that are related to work place more abruptly and often compare before. This is because these changes can influence thespeed and quality of the performance of companies including: acquisitions, merging, innovation, restructuring and downsizing which can result to the growth of climate of uncertainty (FEAP n.d.). Currently, the business world is facing different changes that are related to technology, regulation and competition and economic condition which affect the perceptions and behavior of the customers and other stakeholders of the company. Due to this, change is considered as inevitable in the world of business, because change constitute growth and development. According to Peter Drucker, any change in any organizational culture and management is considered as normal and healthy (cited in Dulebohn 2006, p. 37). It will be impossible for any business to grow and improve without improving any changes in order to cope with the changes happenings in the environment it’s operating. Any change to be done inside and outside the organization can help the entire organization to adjust to the current situation of the market and industry, by improving and adjusting the culture and other important internal...
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...FOR: Professor Howard Kupferman Written by: Andres Torres Procter and Gamble Case Study Analysis Actors: 1. Alan Lafley: Head of P&G Beauty Care GBU 2. Paolo de Cesare: President of Max Factor Japan 3. Durk Jager: P&G CEO 4. GLT: Global Leadership Team (made up of business GM’s of crucial MDO’s, people from R&D, consumer research, product supply, HR, and finance). Chaired by Lafley. INTRO: In this case study we are introduced to P&G as an organization and their changes in structure overtime. More specifically, after the acquisition of Max Factor Japan and success in its SK-II line, questions are raised about whether global expansion is feasible and profitable as a franchise. De Cesare ran this skin-care line in Japan, but he reported directly to Lafley. This is crucial because global expansion would require Lafley’s approval in budgeting and organizational support. P&G recently went through major organizational changes over a period of six years known as O2005. This created huge questions in the strategy that would be put together in the case of a global expansion for SK-II. Within the U.S. Procter & Gamble originally followed an organizational structure consisting of seven different divisions that were furthermore shattered into 26 distinct categories. Each category had its own R&D, supply management and marketing. In addition, the international organization was divided into four regions that were then broken down individually...
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...Network Structure and Inter-organizational Knowledge Sharing Capability ABSTRACT This paper examines how the structure of a supply network can affect the inter-organizational knowledge sharing capability, which is expressed by absorptive capacity and shared identity. The supply network structure is analyzed by two dimensions – formality and centrality. Propositions about the relationships between network structure and knowledge sharing capability are suggested at the end. Subject Areas: Supply chain management, Inter-organizational knowledge sharing, Absorptive capacity, Shared identity, Network structure. 1 1. INTRODUCTION Historically, individual organizations have tried to improve their own performance in an effort to gain competitive advantage. Today, the success of an individual organization depends largely on the performance of its suppliers and customers [1]. Consequently, supply chain or supply network management is one of the critical success factors in today’s marketplace [2]. As organizations increasingly connect with and rely on partners and suppliers in their supply networks, interdependencies among these organizations naturally increase. This increase, in turn, makes today’s supply networks more complex [3], and members of such complex supply networks face many sources of uncertainties – internal as well as external1. Fisher [4] argues that the strategy of the supply network – lean vs. responsive – should be aligned with the product types – functional vs...
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...Subject: A decade of organizational change at Unilever General description of the company Unilever is an international company, which includes Dutch Unilever NV in Rotterdam, and the UK-based Unilever PLC in London. The company was formed from the combination of Dutch company specializing in manufacture and export of margarine- Margarine Unie and Lever Brothers- English company producing coconut oil, and since 1900 soap from olive oil. Both companies used in their production process vegetable fats. In order to avoid a competitive battle for markets and resources they merged in 1929. Unilever mainly produces food, cleaning products and personal hygiene products (FMCG). Unilever has around 200,000 employees in more than 300 facilities across 6 continents. Unilever now has a total of more than 400 different brands around the world, but the company focuses on thirteen of its most profitable brands- so called “one billion-dollar-brands” with an average annual sales exceeding one billion dollars each. Top 25 Unilever brands provide more than 70% of the total annual income. Central issue of the case Unilever is one of the oldest multinational companies in the world. Has in its offer food, cleaning products and body care products. It generates $50 billion in annual revenue in different countries. In the past, Unilever was organized in a decentralized manner. Unilever had other companies that were responsible for the production, marketing, sales and distribution of...
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...| Procter & Gamble | GEB 4890 | | Hessum Zangenehpour | Fall 2013 | | Table of Contents Executive Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 2 The Company………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 2 History and Evolution……………………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 2 Mission and Major Goals…………………………………………………………………………………………. Page 2 Current Strategies……………………………………………………………………………………………………. Page 7 Competitive Environment…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 14 Industry…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 15 Forces and Trends…………………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 18 Consolidating Retail Sector…………………………………………………………………………. Page 19 Private Labels…………………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 20 Competition……………………………………………………………………………………………… Page 20 Porter’s Five Forces………………………………………………………………………………………………. Page 21 Ethical Responsibilities and Challenges ……………………………………………………………….. Page 25 Environmental pollution…………………………………………………………………………… Page 26 Energy Consumption………………………………………………………………………………… Page 26 Possible challenges facing Procter and Gamble…………………………………………………….. Page 27 Internal Strengths and Weaknesses…………………………………………………………………………………. Page 28 Recommendations ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 37,45 Implementation……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Page 40,45 Evaluation…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...
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...[pic] | | |Introduction | |Organizational Study | | | |About the Company | |History | |Company Profile | |Objective of the Company | | | |Mission and Vision | | ...
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...The Strategy of International Business Learning objectives • Explain the concept of strategy. • Understand how firms can profit from expanding globally. • Understand how pressures for cost reductions and pressures for local responsiveness influence strategic choice. • Be familiar with different strategies for competing globally and their pros and cons. In this chapter the focus shifts from the environment to the firm itself and, in particular, to the actions managers can take to compete more effectively as an international business. This chapter looks at how firms can increase their profitability by expanding their operations in foreign markets, the different strategies that firms pursue when competing internationally, and the various factors that affect a firm’s choice of strategy. Subsequent chapters build on the framework established here to discuss a variety of topics including the design of organization structures and control systems for international businesses, strategies for entering foreign markets, the use and misuse of strategic alliances, strategies for exporting, and the various manufacturing, marketing, R&D, human resource, accounting, and financial strategies that international businesses pursue. OUTLINE OF CHAPTER 12: THE STRATEGY OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS Opening Case: MTV Networks Introduction Strategy and the Firm Value Creation Strategic Positioning Operations: The Firm as a Value Chain Global...
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...Proctor and Gamble There are many steps needed for successful change implementation. the successful change implementation. Many organizations require change to survive the economical battles of doing business. The communication style of management is also an important area for change. There are multitudes of articles and information regarding organizational change and many of them has have conflicting information on what is most important. The factors of change can be slightly different based upon the type of business, but the basics are always the same. How an organization communicates the need for change, the plan for change as well as the implementation of change are the broad spectrum of the success or failure of change. Not clear. The following literature reviews attempt to This literature review support the hypothesis that Proctor and Gamble would benefit from creating desire to change, communication, planning and resources. These are four of the most important phases of successful change implementation for Proctor and Gamble. Proctor and Gamble Problem Overview Underline not needed. Proctor and Gamble is an innovative, multinational company. Currently, Proctor and Gamble lacks an effective distribution system in some segments as well as poor location in some foreign countries and high cost of inputs. Another area of weakness is the employment of foreign based local management who don’t have international business experience. doesn’t have any international business...
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...global network of research partners, and more than half of all product innovation coming from P&G today includes at least one major component from an external partner. Their contributions have consistently helped us earn honors from the IRI New Product Pacesetters Report—the annual list of the biggest innovations in our industry. Procter & Gamble was this year’s leader for the 2013 New Product Pacesetters list, launching seven of the top 10 most successful nonfood products of the year. Since the first Pacesetters list, P&G has had 155 products make the top 25 Pacesetters list in nonfood categories – more than our six largest competitors combined. ● Scale As one of the world’s largest consumer packaged goods companies, P&G has scale advantages across our brands, businesses, operations and people. This allows us to share knowledge, transfer technologies, optimize our spending and flow resources to better serve consumers and continuously improve our efficiency and productivity. ● Our unique organizational structure offers the global scale benefits of an international company and the local focus to be relevant for consumers in more than 180 countries. Our corporate structure and strong governance practices ensure that we conduct our operations with consistently high standards and integrity. ● ● In 2013, we returned $12.5 billion in cash to shareholders— 110% of net earnings —through a combination of $6.5 billion in dividends and $6 billion in share repurchase. In April...
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...| |[pic] | | | | Fig 7: Typical simple organization chart. Many enterprises use a database warehousing approach for the creation of accounting information systems. This approach, coupled with user-friendly software, allows management and other designated employees access to information to create a variety of accounting reports, including required external financial reports. For example, detailed cost information about a production process is used by the production line supervisor to help control production costs. A process design engineer, when considering the best configuration of equipment and employees, uses the same information to reduce costs or to increase efficiency. Finally, production-related cost information appears in the external financial statements used by investors and creditors. OBJECTIVES OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING INFORMATION |Each enterprise has implicit and explicit goals and objectives. Many enterprises have mission statement that describes their | | |goals. These goals can vary widely among enterprises ranging from nonprofit organizations, where goals are aimed at serving | | |specified constituents, to for profit organizations, where goals are directed toward maximizing the owners’ objectives. For | | |example, the American Cancer Society, a nonprofit organization, has the following mission: | | The American Cancer Society is the nationwide community-based voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer as a major health problem...
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