...Organization of International Business Organizational architecture—(organization structure, control systems, incentives, processes, organizational culture and people) Organizational Structure • Organizational structure has three dimensions: 1. Vertical differentiation - determines where decision-making power is concentrated within a structure 2. Horizontal differentiation - the formal division of the organization into sub-units 3. The establishment of integrating mechanisms - the mechanisms for coordinating sub-units Vertical Differentiation: Centralization • Facilitates coordination of activities Eg. A firm has a component manufacturing operation in Taiwan and an assembly operation in Mexico • Ensure decisions consistent with organization’s objectives • Allows top-level managers to bring about organizational change • Avoids duplication of activities Eg. Many international firms centralize their R&D functions into one or two locations to ensure the R&D work are not duplicated. Decentralization • Takes advantage of local information, which may result in better and faster decisions • Can motivate employees • Relieves top management • Can increase control in self-contained subunits • It can be worthwhile to centralize some decisions and decentralize others, e.g., centralizing control over core competencies while decentralizing operating decisions Horizontal Differentiation: The Design Of Structure ...
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...The Organization of International Business Organizational structure at Procter and Gamble Procter and gamble unique organizational structure offers the global scale benefits of an international company and the local focus to be relevant for customers in roughly 180 countries where their brands are solid. The company corporate structure provides the framework that allows them to tap the benefits of a global operation keep them in touch with local communities, and their strong governance practices ensure that they carry out operations with consistently high standard and integrity. Procter and gamble have made their organization structure an important part of their capability to grow. It combines global scale benefits with a local focus to win with consumers and retail customers in each country where P & G products are sold. Procter and gamble recently grouped its global business units into four industry-based sectors as part of the company’s on-going plan to improve business performance. The businesses in each sector are focused on common consumer’s benefits, share common technologies and face common competitors. Procter and gamble structure has removed many of the traditional overlaps and inefficiencies that exist in many large companies. Four organizational structure Procter and gamble uses: Market development organizations: are charged with knowing consumers and retailers in each market where Procter and gamble competes and integrating the...
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...Strategic Program Management Paper This document will discuss a hospitality service chain, Friar Tucker International (FTI) that provides management to a chain of 35 entertainment and cuisine establishments. The 35 entertainment and cuisine establishments consist of 10 sports entertainment establishments, 15 cuisine establishments, 8 family entertainment establishments, and has entered into an agreement with two hotel chains. Friar Tucker International employs an estimate of 1200 staff members and generates revenue in the amount of $300 million. Friar Tucker International has a vision of joining the top ten hospitality providers of service and to serve families through the business of entertainment; basing the service on superior levels of marketing and innovation. The Friar Tucker International mission is to “attract more visitors and customers through food and entertainment facilities and ensure a great family experience” (Friar Tucker International scenario, 2010). Friar Tucker International, Chief Executive Officer, Ricardo Bellini negotiated and accepted many contracts with hotel chains. The contracts resulted in the management of the establishments and the to implement and carry out projects and manage the implementation of numerous projects. Over the previous years, this company has increased its success rate and has felt the results of growth. Many of the business contracts surround managing centers for entertainment, opening bars, setting up pubs, and managing...
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...Cultural Issues and Ethics in International Business Introduction The expansive and unstoppable process of globalization has forced employers to form their ability to trade and negotiate with the outside world. However, it is important not only they are immersed in this subject, your staff, or one who is qualified to do so, you should also have access to the most significant aspects of foreign trade, logistics, and the impact. Companies are not limited to conduct private and government operations locally, but also with other countries. Precisely what we call international business is the relationship between an organization and its external world (Maddox, 1993). This type of activity also involves foreign trade and international, which includes transactions such as exports, imports, investments, or financing that are performed worldwide. Among the success factors that can be mentioned in the international business operations are competitiveness, financial support between the parties and logistics. This aspect is very important because when the actors involved are from different countries or regions, the business success is more complicated. In analyzing the economy, we must review the dimension that transcends the borders of a country, i.e. which addresses the problems international economic purposes (Maddox, 1993). The importance of international relations in trading, politics or culture has reached a global level, a deeper meaning that one cannot speak only about...
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...Divine Word University Faculty of Business and Informatics Business Studies Department Name: Brian Tugah Subject: BS 424: International Management Topic: Understanding the International Business Environment Lecturer: Tabian Ambang Why International Businesses are expanding their operations into less-developed countries? Today, the world is becoming smaller and smaller and it is more now like a one community. The force behind how the world is going today is because of technology and globalization. Rapid changes in technology have caused communication to be faster through internet, email and telecommunications. Through technology, faster means of transportation has also been developed. Globalization on the other hand is breaking cultural, political, social and country boundaries which presents opportunities for international businesses to go global, thus weaving national economies together (McFarlin &Sweeney, 2003). To continue, this essay is going to outline some factors on why international businesses are moving into and establishing and carrying out their business operations in less- developed countries. The reasons or factors given in this essay are from my own view, but I am supporting them with case studies and some other reasons from different authors. For a start, I believe that the reason why international businesses expand to other parts of the world outside of their domestic environment, especially to less developed countries is because of two...
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...Fundamentals of Logistics Management International Business period 1 LAS: International Business period 1 overview 1 Fundamentals Schedule of Logistics Management Week Content number 1 World of International Business, International Business environment , theories on and types of international Trade, Project Traid and International business, cultural analyses Cultural analysis, Porter Porter, Risk analyses Risk analysis, CSA / FSA analysis CSA / FSA analysis Overflow 2 3 4 5 6 7 DO NOT FORGET Rugman H1, H2 H3, H5, H6 H5, H13, DO NOT FORGET LAS: International Business period 1 overview 2 THEORIES ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE • Absolute and competitive advantage • Heckscher and olin’s theorem • The leontief-paradox • The flying geese model LAS: International Business period 1 overview 3 THEORY OF ABSOLUTE ADVANTAGE (Adam Smith) Each nation should specialize in producing goods it has a natural or aquired advantage in and therefore can produce more efficiently LAS: International Business period 1 overview 4 THEORY OF COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE (David Ricardo) It is advantageous for two countries to trade if the cost ratio between the two countries differ (If producing x, expressed in y, is cheaper in country 1 than in country 2, while producing y in country 2 is cheaper than in country 1 , country 1 exports x and country 2 exports y) LAS: International Business period 1 overview 5 HECKSCHER – OHLIN • Two production...
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...many cases, a business is not successful without a well-organized financial branch of their company. Whether it is a small business and reporting is done by the owner or if it is a large business that has a financial department, a company needs to know if it is making a profit. Modern accounting is believed to have begun around 1494 A.D. Book keeping entered into the Unites States in late 19th century. The first accounting exam was held by and organization in 1896. Today, accounting is used throughout the world and business to communicate, buy, sell and barter with each other very frequently and therefore, International accounting principles have been developed for the entire globe (Csebfalvi, 2012). In today’s highly competitive business world the environment requires companies to create a business strategy that includes accounting. This portion of their business strategy will help them achieve their strategic goals for the organization. In 1973, the International Accounting Standings Committee came in to existence in order to establish new international standards. The International Accounting Standards Board is the committee responsible for developing International Financial Reporting Standards (Knowledge guide to international accounting standards). This firm ensures that businesses are applying these standards to their financial reports. The first recorded account of international accounting was an article by Lord Benson called The Story of International Accounting Standards...
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...Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues LAW/421 Addressing International Legal and Ethical Issues When conducting business international it can be difficult for both parties to come to an agreement. Companies that conduct international business will need do research on the company and how they will help each organization out. This week’s simulation was about CadMex Pharma and Gentura. CadMex Pharma is pharmaceutical company based in Tampa, Florida. Gentura is a biotechnology company based in Candore. Candore is a small developing country with increased growth. These two organizations want to create a business relationship around a new product that Gentura has recently developed. Gentura wants to give the global marketing rights for their new product ProPrez to CadMex. In order for this to work for each of the organizations they will need to figure out what type of proper law clause and forum selection clause they will use. It is important for these companies to come to an agreement with a proper law clause and forum selection clause because this will allow them to create a contract that will set the expectation for each organization (University of Phoenix, 2004) After completing the simulation the best option for both organizations is to create a contract for the International Sale of Goods and International Arbitration. This will allow each organization to resolve any disputes that come up. It is important to have a contract when conducting business internationally...
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...13-1 13-2 Organization architecture and profitability Totality of a firm’s organization, including structure, control systems, incentives, processes, culture and people. Superior organization profitability requires three conditions: An organization’s architecture must be internally consistent. Strategy and architecture must be consistent. Strategy, architecture and competitive environments must be consistent. McGraw-Hill/Irwin International Business, 5/e Organizational architecture Fig 13.1 To maximize profitability a firm must achieve consistency between the various components of its architecture McGraw-Hill/Irwin International Business, 5/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights Reserved. 13-3 13-4 Organizational architecture Organizational structure: Location of decisionmaking responsibilities within the structure (vertical differentiation) Formal division of the organization into subunits e.g. product divisions (horizontal differentiation) Establishment of integrating mechanisms including cross-functional teams and or pan-regional committees Organizational architecture Incentives: Devices used to reward appropriate employee behavior Closely tied to performance metrics Control systems : metrics used to measure performance of subunits and judge managerial performance McGraw-Hill/Irwin International Business, 5/e © 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., All Rights...
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...The Warwick MBA Assignment Cover Sheet Submitted by : 1268148 Date Sent : 10th December 2014 Module Title : International Business Module Code : IB8180 Date/Year of Module : July – December 2014 Submission Deadline: 10th December 2014 Word Count : XXXXXXX (Excluding Cover, Appendices, Table of Contents, Bibliography, Figures, Tables, Diagrams and Charts) Number of Pages : Question: Using a case study of an actual company, explain the advantages and disadvantages of different international strategies and organisational structures for large multinational enterprises. In your answer you should discuss the relationship between strategies and structures and the conditions under which particular strategies and structures are more or less appropriate. You must also use models of strategies and structures as discussed during the course and presented in the textbook. One example of a case could be IBM’s transformation towards a more global model, but you can choose any similar case as long as some information on the case is publicly available. “This is to certify that the work I am submitting is my own. All external references and sources are clearly acknowledged and identified within the contents. I am aware of the University of Warwick regulation concerning plagiarism and collusion. No substantial part(s) of the work submitted here has also been submitted by me in other assessments for accredited courses of study, and I acknowledge that if this has been...
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...almost every organization currently in operation. Even when organizations choose to limit their activities and operations to a specific geographical region, globalization becomes part of operations as new technologies bring international attention and customers to the company. In the end, few organizations are able to escape the impact of globalization. Given the importance of globalization on the organization, there is a clear impetus to consider how this reality will impact business operations in both the short and the long-term. Using this as a basis for investigation, this research considers the impact the globalization is having on the Starbucks organization. Through a careful consideration of how globalization has impacted this organization, it will be possible to provide salient policy recommendations for change that will improve operations in the organization. Starbucks-An Overview In order to begin this investigation, it is first helpful to consider a review of the Starbucks organization and critical issues currently impacting its development. Reviewing this history of this organization, Lyons (2005) reports that Starbucks originated in Seattle, Washington as a premium coffee retailer. In an effort to foster the success of the organization, leaders chose an aggressive business model that would allow them to permeate and saturate local markets. The business model used by the organization was novel, prompting analysts to link the success of the organization to its aggressive...
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...Identify the Effect of Business Environment on a Business Organization Contents Introduction: 4 Aim of the assignment: 4 Walker - Company profile: 4 Market structure: 4 Perfect competition 5 Oligopoly 5 Monopoly 6 Monopolistic competition 6 How market structure determine the pricing & output decision: 6 Market force : 6 Relationship between Market force & Organizational response 6 Impact of organization performances by various Types of market force 6 Cost pressure 7 Information demand 7 Customer responsiveness 7 How the business and cultural environments shape the behavior of a selected organization: 8 Business environment 8 Cultural environment 8 Objective of business and cultural environment 8 International Trade: 9 Production cost 9 Material 10 Extend market 10 Global Factor: 10 Political factor 11 Economical factor 11 Social factor 11 Technological factor 12 European Union: 12 Rules & regulation 13 Tax & tariff 13 Support 13 Establishing the rules of trade 14 Taxation policy 14 Employment policy 14 Inflation policy 14 References: 15 Introduction: There are many crisps company in the world, from them WALKER is one of best & largest crisps company in the world. It’s a UK based company who operate their business most of the country of the world. WALKER gets recognition through manufacturing crisps. WALKER contributed 47% of British crisps market. They are producing about 11...
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...Business Environment Table of Contents 1 Introduction: 3 2 Organizational structure that is most likely to be applicable to Tuffstuff Ltd 3 3 Discuss the utility, as an analytical tool, of a PEST analysis 5 3.1 Arguments for PEST analysis 5 3.2 Argument against PEST analysis: 6 3.3 Potential alternatives of PEST analysis 7 4 Prepare a business report based on your PEST analysis that this should explain the main findings of your PEST analysis 8 4.1 PEST analysis 8 4.1.1 Political 8 4.1.2 Economic environment: 9 4.1.3 Social environment; 10 4.1.4 Technological environment: 10 4.2 SWOT analysis: 11 5 Conclusion: 12 6 References 13 Introduction: Tuffstuff is a cement manufacturing company and now it wants to enter into African market. International market is more challenging because the foreign companies are not enough aware of the host country that may sometimes causes to failure in foreign market. The Tuffstuff’s proposed market Rwanda has more attractive for the investment. It is a growing economy country with great potential. In this report, a suitable organizational structure for the Tuffstuff in Rwanda will be discussed. To obtain its goals and objectives the functional structure is considered more suitable for the Tuffstuff company. In foreign market, there are several environmental factors that should need to analyze that would be done by the PEST analysis before entering into Rwanda’s market Blair and Hitchcock, 2011).. The PEST analysis...
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...Business Environment on Armani Contents Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Task 1……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 1.1 Identify the purposes of different types of organization………………………………............ 1 1.2 Describe the extent to which an organization meets the objectives of different stakeholders………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 1.3 Explain the responsibilities of an organization and strategies employed them……………….. 4 Task 2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 2.1 Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively……………………. 6 2.2 Assess the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business organizations and their activities………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 8 2.3 Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of a selected organization…………………………………………………………………………………… 9 Task 3………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 3.1 Explain how market structures determine the pricing and output decisions in various organizations………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 3.2 Illustrate the way in which market forces shape organizational responses using a range of examples……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 11 3.3 Judge how business and cultural environments shape the...
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...Journal of Applied Business and Economics Global Business Management: Current Trends and Practices Michael Wisma Saint Joseph College of Indiana Today, problems associated with global business management have been identified as factors that negatively impact the performance and productivity of multinational corporations and in turn, adversely affect regional and national economic growth. While factors related to logistics and distribution are important when selecting international suppliers, they are inadequate when considered in isolation of internal and external forces. This paper engages in a comprehensive and systematic analysis of global supply chain management, particularly in terms of micro and macro cultural considerations. INTRODUCTION Organizations are facing increased global competition, economic uncertainties, and changing markets. Technology is changing the way we conduct business and manage information. Outsourcing of significant functions within businesses and organizations complicates the landscape of supplier relations. Suppliers and vendor partners may be located in the same city, region or country. But they are just as likely to be located halfway around the world, adding new challenges to business management. The growth of international strategic partnerships has risen exponentially in the last twenty years. Competing in a global marketplace has made it increasingly important to align business strategies with a risk management strategy...
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