... Computers ENIAC – 1950 2 What is a computer? A data processing device designed to: } input … } data (e.g. mp3 3ile) } software (e.g., iTunes) } process data by applying software } output results } store data / program / results between uses Apple II – 1977 3 Computer hardware Storage Nonvolatile Non-portable (hard disk) Portable (e.g. CD) Battery Wall plug RAM (Random Access Memory) Volatile Power Source Mouse Keyboard Tablet Input Microphone Devices Webcam Accelerometer Central Central Processing Processing Units Units (cores) (cores) Monitor Printer Output Plotter Devices Projector Input Processing Output 4 Components of a computer } Hardware } CPU (Central Processor Unit): } I/O devices (Input / Output) } Storage } Power source } Software } Operating System } Applications Is it a computer? Universal computation } A processor with the right software can emulate any other data processing device } E.g., a smartphone can be a music player, translator, calculator, GPS navigator, still/video camera, etc. ...
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...instructions that the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks. Software, such as Microsoft Excel, and various hardware devices, such as a keyboard and a monitor, interact to create a spreadsheet or a graph. This appendix covers the basics of computer hardware and software including terminology, characteristics, and the associated managerial responsibilities for building a solid enterprise architecture. B.1 bal76736_app-B_B1-B16.indd B.1 7/26/08 11:31:21 AM Confirming Pages LEARNING OUTCOMES B.1. Describe the six major categories of hardware and provide an example of each. B.2. Identify the different computer categories and explain their potential business uses. B.3. Explain the difference between primary and secondary storage. B.4....
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...NATIONAL MANAGEMENT COLLEGE STORAGE TECHNOLOHY Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement For Diploma in Hardware Engineering MG AUNG KYAW SOE Roll No. 6 Batch 25 Diploma project report January, 2014 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENT First and foremost, I would like to thank my parents because I had attended “Diploma in Hardware Engineering”. Next, I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Than Win (Principal of National Management Collage, Yangon) and Daw Khin Toe Yin (Managing Director of Winner Computer Group). Special thanks to Saya U Myo Aung Latt. A very grateful thanks to all my teachers, lectures and also teachers from laboratory for their supervision, advise and patience. Special thanks my hardware teachers Daw Ohnmar Myo, U Thein Moe, U Min Thu and U Win Naing Oo. 2 CONTENT Page CHAPTER – 1 1.1 1.2 INTRODUCTION 6 6 7 9 Computer data storage Storage Type 1.2.1 1.2.2 Primary storage Secondary storage CHAPTER – 2 2.1 2.2 STORAGE TECHNOLOGY 12 The basic components of data storage system Interaction with a storage system and other computer Components 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 Online storage vs. External hard drives Off-line storage Memory hierarchy Memory organization Main memory Secondary memory Type of storage technology CHAPTER 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 MAGNETIC STORAGE 19 20 21 23 23 24 24 How to work magnetic storage History Design Magnetic recording classes 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 Analog recording Digital...
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...From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This article is about the storage format. For the binocular vision condition, see Dissociated vertical deviation. DVD DVD logo.svg DVD.png DVD-R read/write side Media type Optical disc Capacity 4.7 GB (single-sided, single-layer – common) 8.5–8.7 GB (single-sided, double-layer) 9.4 GB (double-sided, single-layer) 17.08 GB (double-sided, double-layer – rare) Read mechanism 650 nm laser, 10.5 Mbit/s (1×) Write mechanism 10.5 Mbit/s (1×) Standard DVD Forum's DVD Books[1][2][3] and DVD+RW Alliance specifications Developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba and Panasonic Weight 16 g[4] Optical discs General[show] Optical media types[show] Standards[show] See also[show] v t e DVD (sometimes explained as "digital video disc" or "digital versatile disc"[5][6]) is a digital optical disc storage format, invented and developed by Philips, Sony, Toshiba, and Panasonic in 1995. DVDs can be played in many types of players, including DVD players. DVDs offer higher storage capacity than compact discs while having the same dimensions. Pre-recorded DVDs are mass-produced using molding machines that physically stamp data onto the DVD. Such discs are known as DVD-ROM, because data can only be read and not written or erased. Blank recordable DVD discs (DVD-R and DVD+R) can be recorded once using a DVD recorder and then function as a DVD-ROM. Rewritable DVDs (DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM) can be recorded and erased multiple times. DVDs are used in...
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...from external mass storage devices such as disk drives. Another term for main memory is RAM. The computer can manipulate only data that is in main memory. Therefore, every program you execute and every access you must be copied from a storage device into main memory. The amount of main memory on a computer is crucial because it determines how many programs can be executed at one time and how much data can be readily available to a program. Because computers often have too little main memory to hold all the data they need, computer engineers invented a technique called swapping, in which portions of data are copied into main memory as they are needed. Swapping occurs when there is no room in memory for needed data. When one portion of data is copied into memory, an equal-sized portion is copied (swapped) out to make room. INTRODUCTION OF DRAM Dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) is a type of random-access memory that stores each bit of data in a separate capacitor within an integrated circuit. The capacitor can be either charged or discharged; these two states are taken to represent the two values of a bit, conventionally called 0 and 1. Since even "nonconducting" transistors always leak a small amount, the capacitors will slowly discharge, and the information eventually fades unless the capacitor charge is refreshed periodically. Because of this refresh requirement, it is a dynamic memory as opposed to SRAM and other static memory. The main memory (the "RAM") in personal computers...
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...COMPUTER EDUCATION YEAR 11 2014 Technology and Employment Skills Training Ministry of Education, Fiji. 28th November 2013 Year 11 Computer Education 1 Preface This text book has been written to cater for the new Year 11 Computer Education syllabus trialed in Fiji secondary school for the year 2014. It is a new text book and the first of its kind to be written locally. It is hoped that this book will be useful in implementing the syllabus but it should be understood that it is not the syllabus. The syllabus is the framework for the teacher to follow while this text book is a resource for the student. Therefore departure to other resource materials for more information will be acceptable. The text book is not the perfect piece of work as it has been prepared in a very short time, therefore suggestions for amendments will be welcomed. It is anticipated that this book will minimize the amount of time for teachers in lesson preparation and more time will be devoted to actual classroom teaching and learning. There may be a variety of opinion about the content of the topics, but for the beginner it is the best which gives the time and opportunity to become familiar with the basics before pursuing further into the field of study in greater detail at the upper secondary level Ministry of Education, Suva. Fiji Islands 28th November 2013. Year 11 Computer Education 2 Acknowledgement This textbook for year 11 Computer Education has been produced by the Computer...
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...SWIFTSTACK TECH BRIEF Cloudy Weather for Enterprise Storage – an Enterprise Storage Veteran Looks Forward July 2014 by Dave Roberson Executive Summary This whitepaper looks at the root causes of user demands for better, cheaper storage services and IT’s options to meet those demands. In particular, it explains how the shift in value off proprietary hardware and onto open software stacks is happening in storage just as happened over the last decade with server virtualization. Enterprise storage as we have known it for the last four decades is facing significant internal and external pressures. The rapid growth of inexpensive or even free public cloud storage for consumers has created a bring-your-own storage grass-roots revolution demanding IT deliver simple self-service storage at costs far below current chargeback levels. At the same time the capacity requirements for user-generated content from sources like mobile applications is becoming a driving force in storage expansion. While public cloud options exist for enterprises they still have often unacceptable gaps in security and control despite their favorable economics compared to legacy on-premise storage. All of these factors are making it both technically and economically indefensible to just keep expanding your reliance on existing legacy NAS and SANs that suffer from years of vendor lock-in and are burdened by costly proprietary hardware. Something new is needed and the option of pushing data out to public cloud providers...
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...INDUSTRY SURVEYS Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals April 2015 ANGELO ZINO, CFA Equity Analyst www.spcapitaliq.com 2 April 2015 INDUSTRY SURVEYS Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals PERFORMANCE Sector Overview Industry Overview Revenues Expenses Profits & Margins Valuation Capital Markets INDUSTRY PROFILE Trends INQUIRIES & CLIENT SUPPORT 800.523.4534 clientsupport@standardandpoors.com SALES 877.219.1247 wealth@spcapitaliq.com Key Ratios And Statistics CONTACTS How The Industry Operates How To Analyze This Industry Glossary Industry References Comparative Company Analysis MEDIA Michael Privitera 212.438.6679 michael.privitera@spcapitaliq.com S&P CAPITAL IQ 55 Water Street New York, NY 10041 All of the views expressed in these research reports accurately reflect the research analyst’s personal views regarding any and all of the subject securitiesor issuers. No part of the analyst’s compensation was, is, or will be, directly or indirectly, related to the specific recommendations or views expressed in this research report. For important regulatory information, go to www.standardandpoors.com and click on Regulatory Affairs and Disclaimers. Copyright © 2015 Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a part of McGraw-Hill Financial. All rights reserved. 3 April 2015 INDUSTRY SURVEYS Technology Hardware, Storage & Peripherals TOPICS COVERED BY INDUSTRY...
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... 2 SimonSlangen.com How to Build a Gaming PC Table of Contents A Short Introduction.................................................................................................................. 4 The Components of a Gaming PC ........................................................................................... 6 Video Card .............................................................................................................................6 Processor .............................................................................................................................11 Motherboard .........................................................................................................................13 RAM .....................................................................................................................................15 Power Supply .......................................................................................................................17 HDD’s and DVD-RW’s ......................................................................................................... 18 Case and Casemodding ...................................................................................................... 19 Actually Building Your System ............................................................................................... 20 External Computer Hardware .....................................................................
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...Disruptive Marketing is Innovative and Boon to the Consumers - a Conceptual Thought Article by Dr. Maruthi Ram. R. Professor and Head – MBA (BU), DSCMIT, Bengaluru Co-Authors Manjunatha.N. Research Scholar, University of Mysore, And Lecturer, NCET, Bengaluru and Shashikala.R. Asst. Professor, DSCMIT, Bengaluru Submitted to DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT PROGRAM CMR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES BENGALURU For NATIONAL LEVEL CONFERENCE on “Disruptive Marketing — The Way Forward?” 27th April, 2012 Disruptive Marketing is Innovative and Boon to the Consumers - A Conceptual Thought Introduction Human beings are a very special creation of God. It is this creature that could think compared to the many other creatures in the world. Man can even think of innovative ideas and also implement the same for his convenient living. The good old saying quotes “Necessity is the mother of invention”, has embedded a detailed meaning in it. If we take the example of the invention of the “WEEL” by the ancient man of the Stone Age man we can really understand how innovative in the thinking of Man. The other invention of human beings is the formation of fire. These are a few examples and the list goes on and on. Disruptive Marketing The contemporary world is of the highest civilization this universe has ever witnessed. The innovative mind of human beings has unfolded itself into multifold activity and taken different shapes. In fact the changes that have taken...
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...000,000 1,000,000,000,000 Table 1-1 3 Random Access Memory (RAM) Physically exists as set of microchips installed on plastic card (memory module) Central Processing Unit (CPU) uses RAM like people g ( ) p p use notepad Stores binary value so can use it later Can read data from RAM to recall value stored earlier CPU sends electrical signal over bus (electrical pathway) to communicate with RAM 4 Random Access Memory (RAM) (cont.) RAM uses address for each unique memory location where byte can be stored To write to RAM: CPU sends signal to RAM over the bus g to write (store) value into byte of RAM Address in RAM Value to be written To read from RAM: CPU uses similar process (see example in Figure 1-3 on next slide) 5 CPU Reads Byte 4 from RAM The CPU uses the same bus to read the current value of a byte in RAM as it does to send a message to RAM. The read request lists the address of the particular byte, asking for its value. RAM returns the binary value stored at that address. CPU Reads Byte 4 from RAM 6 Figure 1-3 Writing Individual Bits in Byte 4 of RAM RAM circuitry sends a slightly different electrical input to the bits that need to store a 1 versus a 0 to control the capacitors . Essentially, RAM chooses one of two inputs to each bit, which results in either a full or partial charge in the capacitor, which in turn represents either a 1 or 0, respectively. Writing Individual Bits in Byte 4 of RAM 7 Figure 1-4 Converting Binary...
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...Server Overview O B J E C T I V E D O M A I N M AT R I X SKILLS/CONCEPTS Installing Windows Server 2008 R2 Introducing Server Roles Comparing Physical Servers and Virtual Servers Selecting Server Hardware Identifying Methods to Install Windows Servers MTA EXAM OBJECTIVE Understand server installation options. Identify application servers. Understand server virtualization. Identify major server hardware components. Understand Windows updates. LE SS ON 1 MTA EXAM OBJECTIVE NUMBER 1.3 2.1 2.5 5.1 6.3 LICENSED PRODUCT NOT FOR RESALE KEY TERMS BIOS clean installation disk cloning drives firmware motherboard network connections ports power supply processor RAM server Server Core server features server role system preparation tool unattended installation upgrade installation virtual server Windows activation Windows Deployment Services (WDS) Windows updates You just got hired at the Acme Corporation. They have several Windows Server 2003 and Windows Server 2003 R2 Servers and a Windows Server 2008 Server. While talking to your management team, you determine that you need to upgrade all of the servers to Windows Server 2008 R2 and you need to create a web farm consisting of three new web servers and a single back end SQL server, also running Windows Server 2008 R2. You need to figure out the best way to accomplish your goal. 1 2 | Lesson 1 ■ Understanding What a Server Does With today’s computers, any computer on the network can provide services or request...
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...advantages: (1) bypassing distributors and retail dealers eliminated the markups of resellers, and (2) building to order greatly reduced the costs and risks associated with carrying large stocks of parts, components, and finished goods. Now, that concept picked up and arrived at Dell being the multi-billion dollar leading computer manufacturer in the world with 2001 revenues reaching $32 Billion and return on investment of 335%. However, things started to plummet by 2001 and Dell experienced, for the first time, a -10% decline in sales and unprecedented cutthroat competition from HP and IBM. Dell Corp. had to make difficult decisions on how to sustain its profitability in light of its broad product portfolio - PCs, workstations, servers and storage products for a broad cross-section of customers in the United States and worldwide. Fueled with ambition and determination, Michael Dell is set to maintain his company's leading position in these tough times. Dell, facing a predicament of whether they should maintain their strategic course or fundamentally change it in order to achieve the targeted growth rates, managed to acquire three important strategic options: 1) Focus only on the four major core products (Desktops, Laptops, Workstations, Servers), 2) Focus on both the four major products (Desktops, Laptops, Workstations, Servers) and on International expansion, or 3) Focus on both the four major products (Desktops, Laptops, Workstations, Servers) and on expansion into the service...
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...The Evolution of Videogame Technology and its Impact on Gamers Shubhangi Vhatkar IB Extended Essay 3,902 words Abstract: This essay examines how the development of technology has changed the videogame experience, and how it will continue to change in the future as new technologies appear. Research investigated recorded histories of videogames, personal accounts of videogame experiences, the gaming industry’s impact on society, and specifications for particularly technologies. Predictions for future gaming experiences were based on the increasing rate of technological developments and current prospects of videogame tycoons such as Microsoft, Sony, and Nintendo. Personal knowledge and speculation were included as well. This study demonstrated that as videogame technology grew more sophisticated, gamers found themselves in more personal, immersive, emotionally titillating, morally challenging, and free-ended worlds. The increase in processing power and available memory led to photorealistic visuals, longer storylines, broader gameplay, and socially interactive games that have become second nature to most teenagers today. This second life will only become more influential in our physical and mental states as the scope of modern gaming increases, and new technologies provide for a longer, more poignant, and more immersive gaming experience. Technology, the “practical application of knowledge,” dates back millennia. Even pre-historic man used rock, wood, fur, and fire to...
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...INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION 1 Compiled By: RONKY F. DOH (aka: ronky biggy diggy daddy igp) FU DAME TALS OF COMPUTERS We are living in an information age dependent upon digital information. Digital information is electronic information, the result of computer processing. Every type of job relies upon getting information, using it, managing it, and relaying information to others. Computers enable the efficient processing and storage of information. Do not think of a computer merely as the machine with the keyboard and the mouse, although that might be true for some types of computers. Embedded computers may be inside your household appliances, the video cassette recorder, the automobile, planes, trains, power plants, water purification plants, calculators, and even inside a few toys. These embedded computers are very small. They affect our lives each day. Why, even modern traffic lights operate with computers. They are all around us. Think of additional ways in which computers affect our lives each day. Every organization somehow use(s) a computer to run the organization. Some of the places are hospitals, schools, fire department, banks, stores or supermarkets, stock exchange, police department, insurance companies, transport companies, and government agencies etc. What is a computer? A computer is many things to many people, depending on what it is being used for. At one time the computer can be a machine which processes the payroll, then it can be a machine which tabulates...
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