...What company is the case about: Nucleon a biotechnology company (specialized R&D) One of over 200 firms Case Facts: Need one strong patent on the right molecule and that can ensure survival for years by allowing the company to attract capital Very difficult to patent the process technology used to obtain a biologically important molecule (hard to predict how the courts would rule) May also take several years to process an application and large risks with going ahead with development without the patent Nucleon has a strong patent position for CRP-1 molecule but not so certain about the rights to the other necessary proprietary components i.e. the genetic sequence Nucleon must pick the right projects the first time and cannot gamble with a big portfolio of projects Must also be in the loop about new scientific research which requires them to attract the best in-house scientist and maintain close contact with universities It’s imperative that Nucleon gets its products into the clinic before their competition does. Nucleon’s competition is not direct in that they are working directly on cell regulating proteins, but the projects that they are working on require similar technology and others are developing drugs for the same disease that the cell regulating factors are being developed. All Biotechnology firms started as specialized R&D laboratories Some vertically integrated into production or marketing Nucleon can’t afford to market its own product...
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...“Biotechnology is the use of living systems and organisms to develop or make useful products and use biological systems to make and modify products”. It provides organisms to make food products such as meats and dairy products. It also provides as a breakthrough for certain disease. Although biotechnology has done well for society, it also stirs up controversy. One of the ethical issues in technology that is very controversial is cloning. Some people would say cloning is the future, while others including myself would say it is harming our futures. I am against cloning because of the unethical experimentations, procreations turn into manufactures, and it threatens individuality and identity. In this report you will be learning about what is cloning, the pros and cons of cloning, and how to fix this controversial issue. Cloning is a cell or organism that is genetically identical to the unit or individual from which is was derived from. Cloning can be done on animals, plants, food, and even humans. The three types of cloning are Gene, Reproductive, and Therapeutic Cloning. Gene cloning creates copies the DNA, Reproductive cloning involves copies of animals, and Therapeutic cloning deals with stem cells in human beings body. One of the pros from cloning is that it can replace internal organs and tissue. Embryonic stem cells can grow and produce new organs and tissue from the damaged one. When patients are in need of a transplant, instead of waiting for an organ donor, they would...
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...Brandie Griffin Bio-220 July 21, 2013 Trent McDowell Genetically Modified Foods According to The World Health Organization, “genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally through the introduction of a gene from a different organism” (WHO, 2013). These foods are made possible by infusing genes of a different specimen with their DNA. This kind of adjustment is used in both animals and plants, but it is more commonly seen in the latter. There are a host of reasons why such foods have been developed. Some foods are adjusted genetically to prevent allergies that may occur after being eaten, while others are adjusted to improve their life on the shelf (Kartha, 2012). There is still a lot that is unknown about the effects foods that are genetically modified will have on bodies of humans in the long run. Many believe that consuming genetically adjusted foods can cause the growth of illnesses that antibiotics cannot help (Kartha, 2012). In addition to causing diseases, people who eat genetically altered foods have high risks of getting cancer (Kartha, 2012). These altered foods are new inventions so to speak and not a lot is understood about the long-term effects on the human species. Due to the unknown effects, many decide to steer clear of genetically modified foods. Some argue that genetically modified foods are very beneficial. They feel that the modified foods...
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...Marijuana: Legal or Illegal One of the most controversial health issue topic has to be medical marijuana. The herbal medicine is legal in some states but illegal in many. The question to ask is why it is illegal in many states. What are the benefits for medical marijuana? There are pro and cons to this drug but is there too many pros for it be illegal? Yes. The drug has been legal to become a component to help improve the life of patients. Although millions of dollars are used for the drug war for marijuana, one drug that has positive effects can change the American economy by producing marijuana. What is marijuana? Also known as Cannabis, marijuana is known for a drug and a medicine. The major chemical in the herbal medicine is THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol). This chemical compound is the reason for some beneficial factors in medical. Some pros in making it legal would include stimulation of hunger in chemotherapy and AID patients, also patients with glaucoma. The medicine can be taken by vaporizing, smoking, drinking, eating and capsules. The best part of the drug is that there has been no lethal effect. No one has died from the consumption of marijuana. The THC in a person cannot be tested, such as a breathalyzer. The drug is grown naturally and it is coming through the soil, natural plants should not be illegal to have, especially a one that does much more. Growing cannabis would not only help the health system and lower drug wars cost, there would be more hemp, which is...
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...Case Brief: Yorktown technologies - Glofish 25 March 2014 Marketing 495: Strategic Marketing Problems Professor Dr. Jean Johnson 1. Problem Statement: Alan Blake and Richard Crockett founded Yorktown Technologies in November 2001. The company was formed around the concept of producing ornamental fish that had glowed fluorescence color throughout their bodies. Dr. Pruchansky had previously developed the genetic modification that was needed to produce these fluorescent fish. Because of this development, Blake and Crockett were not able to patent this idea therefore they changed their business strategy from development to one of licensing to use existing technology in hopes of packaging and reselling. Although Dr. Pruchansky gave Blake and Crockett a good faith agreement to license his patents for the genetically altered fish, he later withdrew from this agreement and decided to pursue actions that would make it difficult for Yorktown Technologies to be successful. Dr. Pruchansky worked tirelessly to convince regulators that Yorktown Technologies’ products were a threat to the environment. It is believed that Dr. Pruchansky’s motives for making these statements were questionable because he insisted his own fluorescent fish were unequivocally safe. In the end, Yorktown Technologies was able to obtain rights from the National University of Singapore to market the fluorescent zebra fish. The marketing environment faced by Yorktown Technologies is that difficult...
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...College Academic Search Complete. Web. 12 Oct. 2015. <HTTP://santarosa.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=78909697&site=eds-live&scope=site>. This article examines how Biotechnology is a vital issue that impacts all of us and the Development of genetically modified organisms is one of the greatest discoveries through this recent technology. The author believes that many types of transgenic FOODS will be ready for commercialization, including varieties with that come with, greater tolerance of bio-tic and a-bio tic stresses, resistance to herbicides, improved nutritional quality, and novel pharmaceutical proteins. The only downfall is that Information is scarce about health hazards in GM crops. Therefore urgently need publicly available ecological assessments of the risks and benefits of transgenic crops before new varieties are released The authors this article are Khan S.J., Muafia S., Nasreen, Z, Salaryia, A.M. Who wrote this for the Pakistan Journal of science. This site is peer reviewed and covers topics extensive in biology, chemistry, physics, geology and mathematics. This article was published through the science journal "Transgenic Research' in affiliation with Biotechnology and Food Research Center, PCSIR laboratories,Pakistan for scholarly and educational purposes. Pollan, Michael. In Defense of food. N.p.: Penguin Press, 2008. Print. Pollan compares and contrast the relationship between the old ways...
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...hunger, and the ability to create more nutritious disease and pesticide-free foods. GMOs have been very helpful in creating vaccines for many diseases. For example, during the 1980s, humanity was blessed with the first genetically engineered vaccine to fight STDs. Benjamin Hall of University of Wisconsin and then-postdoctoral researcher Gustav Ammerer fused a gene-controlling antigen that fought HIV and Hepatitis into yeast cells. With this biotechnology, they were able to create one of the first vaccines to fight Sexually Transmitted Diseases (A Triumph of Biotechnology). This has proven highly important, because without the use of such technology, this life-changing vaccine would not have been created. In another case, INB Biotechnologies of Philadelphia created a vaccine to fight Anthrax generated by biological warfare. The vaccine was created by genetically altering Petunias to allow them to create extra proteins which when consumed, provoke the development of anti-anthrax antibodies (McLean, Genetically Modified Food). Through biotechnology and modification thereof, the world has the ability to rescue itself from many health altercations, as well...
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...Medical Testing on Animals is Immoral For my persuasive essay I have chosen to argue why it is immoral to do medical testing on animals. History of testing on animal goes back to the Greeks in the 3rd and 4th centuries, with Aristotle and Erasistreatus being among the first to perform experiments on living animals. I feels it’s immoral to animals because over 100 million animals are dying just to find cures for diseases (Hajar). However, the consequences of medical testing on animals is that most of the animals are not covered by the Animal Welfare Act. The Animal Welfare Act is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research and exhibition. Another consequence would be that most animal testing can mislead researchers with non -potential cures and treatments. The Food and Drug organization reports that just 92 out of each 100 medications that breeze through on creature tests come up short in people. This statement means most of the drugs tested on animal don’t even work on humans half the time. Next, "In the name of science", animal experiments globally are around 100 million experiments each year. Cats, dogs, rabbits, mice and other animals, no different to those we have as pets, are used in experiments. Animals are force-fed harmful substances, infected with lethal viruses, subjected to brain damage, heart attacks, stokes, cancers and ultimately killed. Several cosmetic tests commonly perform med on mice, rats, rabbits, and...
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...Assignment 2: Gene Technology Felicia White Strayer University Professor Allen May 29, 2016 Science has advanced with the evolution of biotechnology. Animals models through genetic manipulation has greatly helped the development of scientific and biomedical knowledge. New ideas for treatment of genetic diseases and other diseases that benefit human and all living things The initial studies of George Mendel in 1865, researchers have contributed to the understanding and the consolidation of his idea which until then was only promising. (Chaible, 2010) During decades of studies important events took place such as discovery of relationship of DNA with the transmission of genetic traits, DNA cloning and sequencing, and allowing the production of the production of the first transgenic mice. (Chaible, 2010) The start of the 20th century, the appearance of the first genetic studies involving animal models. Mutant animals appeared in production colonies, differing from their parents and able to pass on this to their offspring. Rudolph Jaevisch published the first report of introduction of an exogenous DNA virus(SV40) into mouse embryos. (Chaible, 2010) Gordon and Ryddle reported the birth of a mouse that had been genetically modified through microinjection of purified DNA into single-cell mouse embryos. This methodology marked the birth of transgenesis and controlled genetic alteration in animal models. (Chaible, 2010) Some types of genetically modified animals are transgenic...
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...term “fingerprinting” is used because finger prints, like DNA, vary from person to person and no two people have the same DNA or fingerprints. So, when scientists identify a person’s DNA, it can only be linked back to one individual and can help to obtain information about that specific individual. DNA fingerprinting can be done through many different ways. Some ways are through blood samples from a vein or heel, saliva samples, skin samples, or hair samples. The purpose of DNA fingerprinting is to help link family members together, find things that cause diseases, to help aid in crime scene investigations, and to identify the deceased. The Pros of this technology are that it can help to bring justice to victims in a criminal case through identifying the guilty party and can help to identify diseases so that they can better be prevented. Cons to the technology are that mistakes might be made and the wrong person might become accused and that the information obtained might be abused. Genetically...
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...social norms, ethical code, morals, and policies in which we should follow. Critics argue that permitting organs to be bought and sold is unethical. Meaning that to commercialize organs transplants would violate an ethical code and social norm. During my research I’ve found many pros and cons concerning the commercialization of Organ Transplants. One of the pros would be that it shortens the waiting time for those in need of transplants. For example, if you have been on a waiting list to receive a kidney and there are more donated organs you will receive one quicker to save your life. Another pro for commercializing organ transplants are an individual’s rights to have the freedom to do what they wish with their body organs. Some people might equate this example to abortion stating that the government shouldn’t be able to tell you what to do with your body. During NOTA (National Organ Transplant) act of 1984 “one commentator has argued that the "very existence of a law forbidding alienation of organs paradoxically portrays the human body as 'an article of commerce' that lies within the purview of Congressional power and would otherwise be subject to sale on the market."(Gwen, Mayes) There are some more pros to these organ transplants such as money incentives for...
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...flexible or a more formal structure be appropriate for these organizations: (a) a large department store, (b) a Big Five accountancy firm, (c) a biotechnology company? (a.) For the large department store the organization should use a formal structure. The retail industry is for the most part a stable environment, which the formal structure is useful for. This also means that the availability of resources is high and uncertainty is low, which would require less coordination and communication among the people and functions. There is a clearly defined hierarchy in which most decisions are made by top management. (b.) A Big Five accountancy firm should use a flexible structure due to their staffed of highly skilled professionals. Flexible structure will help to speed up the decision making and communication process. It will also make it easier to obtain resources and it will allow for more independence for lower level workers. (c.) A biotechnology company will need a flexible structure. People work in teams and need decentralized power to ne able to communicate freely and develop norms to guide their own work interactions. Secondly, Biotechnology is constantly changing and a flexible structure would give them the ability to keep up with changing quickly. The staff is professionals that include scientists and doctors, so the biotechnology company would not need the constant supervision a formal structure provides. 2. Using the job characteristics model as a guide, discuss how...
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...natural. Basically they are inserting genes of another species into their DNA, the process is known as biotechnology. 45 percent of corn and 85 percent of soybean are genetically modified. Fulton states that “some 70-90 percent of processed food is genetically modified and has been that way for years” (“Politics Heating Up Over…”). The first GM plant was produced in 1983, an antibiotic resistant tobacco. In 1990 the first GM cotton was produced, from then on scientists and farms have tied to make everything genetically modified. It is important for people to understand what they are eating and how it was made. In the Agricultural Industry, GM foods are one of the biggest debates. There are so many reasons as to why GM foods are very controversial. Not only do they bring upon us many pro’s and con’s and are a well talked about topic in politics. The biggest issue is not whether or not we should genetically modified foods but rather if we should label it. In the United States, it is not a law that one must state if their food product is genetically modified or not. It should be labeled for many reasons but lots of people find ways not to label GM foods. In today’s paper the matter of whether GM foods should be labeled or not will be discussed as well as, mandatory and voluntary labeling, the government’s policies and many more information. There are many pros and cons for GM foods, which is why there is a debate whether people should have the choice to eat...
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...Venture capital (VC) is monetary capital gave to early stage, high-potential, development new businesses. The venture capital store procures cash by owning value in the organizations it puts resources into, which typically have a novel innovation or plan of action in high innovation businesses, for example, biotechnology and IT. The ordinary venture capital speculation happens after the seed financing round as the first round of institutional capital to store development (likewise alluded to as Series A round) in light of a legitimate concern for creating a return through a consequent acknowledgment occasion, for example, an IPO or exchange offer of the organization. Venture capital is a sort of private equity. In addition to angel investing, equity crowd funding and other seed funding options, venture capital is attractive for new companies with limited operating history that are too small to raise capital in the public markets and have not reached the point where they are able to secure a bank loan or complete a debt offering . In return for the high risk that venture capitalists accept by putting resources into little and less develop organizations, venture capitalists typically get huge control over organization choices, notwithstanding a significant allotment of the organization's proprietorship (and subsequently esteem). Venture capital is likewise connected with occupation creation (representing 2% of US GDP), the learning economy, and utilized as an intermediary measure...
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...Guillermo C. Reboca Case Study 3 “Monsanto’s Roundup Ready Wheat” BMGT 496 – 4021 Dr. Alan Goodman University of Maryland University College April 11, 2011 I. Thesis Statement Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) are the result of splicing foreign genetic material, like a transgene, into a target organism’s DNA to create an organism showing at least one new genetic characteristic. With the world’s population continuing to increase, farmers and their crops will be heavily relied on to produce the worlds agricultural needs. As one of the leading agricultural company in the world, Monsanto is focused on sustainable agriculture and has been one of many company that has assisted farmers in developing seeds that can lead produce the necessary result the world needs. One of the ways they do this is by creating genetically modified seeds such as the Roundup Ready Wheat seeds that can yield increase crops and be safe for consumption. However, because of opposition to GMO from other countries and organizations, Monsanto has the answer the moral question of whether or not to introduce the wheat or delay it or drop it entirely. I think Monsanto should introduce the wheat but only on a trial and timed basis. II. Significant Facts – Monsanto’s Roundup Ready Wheat Monsanto is one the of the world’s largest agricultural companies that specializes in both conventional and genetically modified organism (GMO) seeds and other products. They pride themselves in respecting...
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