...Gender and Development Studies Department of Gender and Development studies A Research Proposal On An Assessment on the role of micro and small enterprises on economic empowerment of women: a Survey of Women operated Enterprises the case of Mekelle city, Tigray In Partial fulfillment of the requirements for obtaining the Masters Degree in Gender and Development Studies By: Tsega Ymesel January, 2015 Mekelle, Ethiopia Table of Content Table page 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Background 2 1.2 Statement of the Problem 4 1.3 Objective 5 1.3.1 General Objective 5 1.3.2 Specific Objectives 5 1.4 Significant of the Study 6 1.5 Scope and limitation 6 1.6 Organization of the Paper 6 3. Methodology and Materials 7 3.1 Description of the Study Area 7 3.2 Research Method and Procedures 8 3.2.1 Data type and Source 8 3.2.2 Study Design 8 3.2.2.1 Sampling 8 3.2.2.1.1 Sample frame 8 3.2.2.1.2 Sample Size Determination 8 3.2.2.1.3 Sampling Techniques and sample Size 8 3.2.3 Data collection and Instruments 9 3.2.4 Variables of the study 9 3.2.5 Data Processing and Analysis 9 3.2.6 Model Specification 10 REFERENCE 12 1. Introduction There are different ways of defining the term small and micro enterprises in different countries. The base for defining is depends on the number of employees hired, the capital invested and the...
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...A. Macro 1. The Dim Lighting Co. has to decide whether or not to invest in a major R&D project for new technology. The reason for looking into pursing this is due to the fact of declining profits and not meeting the companies operating capacity targets. The margins and operating targets dropped by 15 percent last year. Jim West has to look into all of the pros and cons of the project that Robert Spinks has presented at the staff meeting. 2. One issue is the company has been underperforming the last two years. It would be an easier decision to invest the $1.2 million for the next two years and $500,000 for the third year. The Mr. West knows that his career at the company depends on the next year profit margin. Without a strong performance he could be no longer employed at Dim Lighting Co. The other idea brought up by Bills Boswell is to purchase newer equipment for the production line which he feels would create an immediate impact on the financial profits for the company, instead of investing in a project that could fail completely. Mr. Sparks stated that it only as a 70% chance of success. B. Micro 1. The last two years had declining profits and operating targets were not met for the last couple years. Mr. West knows that he has to make this trend end and start to make the company profits increase. If the performance doesn’t change he feels that it could lead to himself being released from his services from the company and end any chance for career growth...
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...coin has grown substantially and now is seeing in active use worldwide. While the Bitcoin has seen some complications due to the ease of use and illegal enterprises however still provides a substantial upside over traditional currency. As the Bitcoin is consistent across borders worldwide it provides a significant opportunity to tear down barriers seen in international trade today. The Bitcoin can easily be seen as the first steppingstone towards the development of a universal currency. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Globalization The Bitcoin Bitcoin and its Impact on Economic Globalization Is the Bitcoin the Beginnings of a Universal Currency? The Future of the Bitcoin Pro: No Specific Monetary Authority Pro: Gaining Acceptance Across the Globe Con: Lack of Regulation Con: The Bitcoin is Innovative Start but Not the Final Answer SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS I. INTRODUCTION 1. Globalization Globalization is expansion of economies, culture, and cooperation beyond geographical borders in which countries can grow beyond their personal limitations by engaging the world market. This cooperation can lead to technological advances, increased manufacturing capabilities, economy stability, and encourage innovation. The three major types of globalization are economic, cultural, and political. Economic globalization has reached the point where no country can claim to have an economy that does not have, at least at some level, that is not connected to at least...
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...Piano di Impresa 2011-2013/2015 Solida creazione di valore per tutti gli stakeholders Basilea 3: vantaggio competitivo per Intesa Sanpaolo, da subito Milano, 6 aprile 2011 Disclaimer This document has been prepared by and is the sole responsibility of Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A. (the “Company”, and together with its subsidiaries, the “Group”) for the sole purpose described herein. This document and the information contained herein does not contain or constitute an offer of securities for sale, or solicitation of an offer to purchase securities, in the United States, Australia, Canada or Japan or any other jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would require the approval of local authorities or otherwise be unlawful (the “Other Countries”). Neither this document nor any part of it nor the fact of its distribution may form the basis of, or be relied on in connection with, any contract or investment decision in relation thereto. The securities referred to herein have not been registered and will not be registered under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), or pursuant to the corresponding regulations in force in the Other Countries, and may not be offered or sold in the United States or to U.S. persons unless such securities are registered under the Securities Act, or an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act is available. The content of this document has a merely informative and provisional nature...
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...GAPENSKI HEALTHCARE FINANCE This a ns we rs to p ro b le ms in g a p e ns ki he a lthc a re na nc e is acces s ible by way of our internet libraries s o we g ive on the net us ag e of worth it training books promptly from s everal locations , which includes collection, company, res idence or reg ardles s of where they are really. Our Ebooks Variety purpos es the mobility, s earchability, and unrivaled convenience of PDF facts formats to make acces s for folks , when, anywhere you want to and s o on any unit. Our catalog ue is the big g es t of thes e that have many countles s s everal products dis played. So determined by jus t what you mig ht be s earching , it will be pos s ible to pick pers on g uide to t your own pers onal needs . Bes t of all, they are completely free to dis cover, us e and acquire, s o there is not any price or s tres s in anyway. alerts and data}, thoug h ans wers to problems in g apens ki healthcare nance would pos s ibly not make fas cinating looking at. We have many information products and individual g uideline is us ually related to ans wers to problems in g apens ki healthcare nance, include : ans wers to problems in g apens ki healthcare nance, cas es in healthcare nance g apens ki s olutions , healthcare nance louis g apens ki 5th edition, ans wers to mindtap homework in economics , fundamentals of healthcare nance end of ans wers , s upplemental problems acids and bas es ans wers , ans wers to penn fos ter exams , ans wers to micros oft word 2010 ques...
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...\ FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES (THE CASE OF DESSIE TOWN) BY MULUGETA CHANE WUBE BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY AUGUST, 2010 FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES (THE CASE OF DESSIE TOWN) A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Degree of Master of Arts in Technical and Vocational Education Management By Mulugeta Chane Wube BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT AUGUST 2010 BAHIRDAR UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATIONAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT FACTORS AFFECTING THE PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPREISES IN DESSIE TOWN Approval of Board of Examiners ___________________________ _____________ ________________ Chair person, department Graduate committee Date Signature ___________________________ Advisor _____________ Date ________________ Signature ___________________________ Internal examiner _____________ Date ________________ Signature ___________________________ External examiner _____________ Date ________________ Signature ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work comes in to end not only by the effort of the researcher but also the support of many individuals and organizations. To begin with, I would like to thank Ato Adane Tesera, my advisor, for his constructive suggestions throughout my work. Had it been without his support, this...
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...Cost: Often some services or products can be obtained for a far lower price while obtaining the same level of quality. Even when the quality is not quite as good as could be done internally the cost savings are so significant that the trade-off is deemed acceptable by management. Services outsources often include internal business departments like finance or IT, where significant cost savings can be obtained. Specialization: Some business processes or products are very specialized and outsourcing to another provider provides access to higher quality. In manufacturing for example, every computer maker doesnt need to specialize in making micro-chips, they can outsource it and get a higher quality product than they could likely build themselves. Any business that has suppliers for inputs to their manufacturing process are essentially choosing to outsource part of their manufacturing process. Flexibility: For many companies outsourcing provides the benefit of only having to pay for precisely what you need. If you staff a full finance department you have to pay the salaries even during down times, whereas if you outsource your finance services you only pay for the hours worked. Similarly if a business needs only a small number of a specific input for their manufacturing process it wouldnt make sense to build the capacity to manufacture that component themselves. Outsourcing provides the...
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...shows ○ hotels ● EPCOT (Experimental Prototype Community of Tomorrow) 2. What did Eisner do for Disney during 1984-1993? What are the resources and capabilities that Disney possess at that time? Resources & Capabilities: ● R Human resource ○ Eisner’s background: well business acumen and operating managment skills & past experinece of COO of Paramon ● C Coporate culture ○ history and culture of Co. and lagacy of Walt (training program) ○ 文化妥協 (cultureal cherrobyl) ● C Managing Creativity ○ forced tension between creative and finance force ○ encorage expansive & innovative ideas >> poojejcts were expected to have potential long-run profits ● R Techniques immprovement: computer animated production systme (CAPS) ● C Coordination ○ corporate marketing function ○ manage jointly >> trasfer price ○ purchased strong script from less establish writer and well-known actor 3. Do you think that Disney should acquire ABC? Why? ● Pros: ○...
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...cheaper due to the deals that are offered through doing online shopping and also no travel is usually a perk that goes with this method of shopping. What is better than being able to shop in your PJ’s? In order to reach their consumers, businesses are either extending their products to the online world with specially developed websites advertisements; or they are cutting costs by switching from the traditional brick and mortar business to the technological based business. Business owners need to enter these decisions by airing on the side of caution, doing so by outweighing the pros and cons of entering into the online world. Th pros include a wider consumer base on a potential global recognition, the flexibility in working hours that are better, and lastly it can be cheaper to conducting business online (SEO Experts, 2013). However, taking on the adventure of an online business has its cons as well. These cons include that an online business has the potential of being a flooded market, depending on the type of market that is...
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...TABLE OF CONTENT 1. Introduction 1. Summary of the news 2. Objective 2. Discussion 2.1 Background 2.2 Effects 2.3 Monetary policy 2.4 Global effects 2.5 Cons 2.6 Reasons of decreasing interest rate 3. Reference 4. Original text 1. Introduction: 1. Summary: This news mainly suggests us that, China government has decided to reduce its interest rate by a quarter percentage point for both loaning and deposit. It is the first time of China to reduce interest rate since 2008. 2. Objective: Why china do this kind of change? What are the pros and cons after this change? How will it affect China itself and even the whole world economy? I would like to analysis the reason why China reduces the interest rate and using monetary policy to explain the effect after this action. 2. Discussion: 1. Background: Being affected by debt crisis, European counties are facing the economy recessionary problem very seriously. They have to cut down their imports, and the shrink of European market leads to the reducing of other countries output directly. As the “world factory”, (the largest production manufacturing in the world) China is affect too and has to cut down its output to Europe as a matter of course. We know that the net output can be directly linked to the country’s GDP. Cutting down of the demand will lead to slowing down...
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...DEVELOPMENT FINANCE & ITS ROLE IN RURAL AREAS TO ALLEVIATE POVERTY 2010 M. MOBASHAR ALI & RANA RASHID REHMAN STATE BANK OF PAKISTAN-BANKING SERVICES CORPORATION SIALKOT 9/3/2010 Contents INTRODUCTION 4 LITRATURE REVIEW 4 REVIEW OF POVERTY IN PAKISTAN 6 SBP INITIATIVES IN TO PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT FINANCE 8 ESTABLISHMENT OF DEVELOPMENT FINANCE GROUP 8 ESTABLISHMENT OF AGRICULTURE FINANCE DIVISION 9 PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS 10 DEVELOPMENT FINANCE PROGRAMS CURRENTLY IN OPERATION 11 NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS (NGOs) 11 RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAM (RSP) 11 AGA KHAN RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAM (AKRSP) 11 SARHAD RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAM 12 NATIONAL RURAL SUPPORT PROGRAM (NRSP) 12 ROLE IN POVERTY ALLEVIATION 12 TRANSMISSION MECHANISM OF FINANCE TO POVERTY ALLEVIATION 14 DEVELOPMENT FINANCE SUCCESS STORIES 15 CONCLUSION 16 BIBLIOGRAPHY 17 Figure 1 8 Figure 2 10 Figure 3 10 Figure 4 13 Table 1 7 Table 2 7 Table 3 9 Table 4 10 Table 5 13 INTRODUCTION Development Finance is the offering of financial services to the entrepreneurial poor that contributes finally to the economic growth. Although the most notable of these services is the provision of credit, many other offerings are a part of Development Finance including credit for business activities and credit for emergency and for the fulfillment of life cycle needs. Many Development Financial Institutions (DFIs) give finance for to the...
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..."Should employers be allowed to monitor personal communication of its employees?" Ellen Berkeley, Amy Davis, Shawn Molloy, Deborah O’Leary, Karey Raubenheimer BCOM 275 October 31, 2011 Professor Tom Melpolder Although organizations have monitored employees for centuries, a number of developments have greatly expanded the amount and scope of employee monitoring. For example, recent technological advances have dramatically altered the nature of work, the working environment, and employee–employer relationships. As a result, information technology has emerged as an integral part of today’s organizational infrastructure. These new technologies have the potential to improve worker efficiency and effectiveness. However, there are risks associated with any new technology including the potential for employee abuse resulting in negative consequences (Alder, Kuenzi & Schminke, 2008). Private communication such as e-mails and social media in the workplace has emerged as one of the stickiest legal issues of the electronic age” (Cappel, 1995). The debate is divided. One side believes that employers should not have full control over its employee’s personal communication. Their view is that employees should have the ability to communicate with friends and family while on breaks, as long as productivity isn’t affected. Further, they believe that employees have a privacy right and should be allowed to communicate while at work without being monitored...
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...------------------------------------------------- business enviroment ORGANIZATIONAL AND PURPOSE OF BUSINESSES TASK 1 CONTRAST OF TWO MARKETS FOR DIXONS CARPHONE COMPANY TASK 2 December 7, 2014 December 7, 2014 Contents Executive summary 2 Carphone Warehouse 3 Mission 3 Vision 3 Purpose 3 Stakeholders 4 Dixons Carphone plc (Currency GBp) 4 Director Shareholdings 5 Hill Farm Furniture 6 Purpose 6 Mission/Vision 6 Stakeholders 6 CONTRAST OF TWO MARKETS FOR DIXONS CARPHONE PLC 7 Free Market X Command System 7 Competition Policy 7 Conclusion 9 Bibliography 10 Executive summary As the world changing quickly in term of political, economic, social, technological, environment and legal (PESTEL), its happen due many influences either internal or external of the business, if the company do not stay update it can fail, that is important the study of Business Environment. Each country has its own way to control the economy; there are four types of economy such as: command, free market, mixed and transitional. A command economy is “a socialist economic system in which production and distribution of goods and services are controlled by the government and industry is mostly owned”. (Dictionary.com, 2014) A free market economy is “an economy in which the allocation for resources is determined only by their supply and the demand for them. This is mainly a theoretical concept as every country, even capitalist ones, places some restrictions...
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...ESSAY FOR SBI DESCRIPTIVE TEST CYBER CRIMES Millions of people around the world use computers and the internet every day. We all use it in school, work even at home, computers have made our lives easier it has brought so many benefits to the society but it has also brought some problems and cybercrimes with them. Today, the world is moving towards a point where everything from banking stock exchanges, are traffic control, telephones to electric power, health care, welfare and education depends on software. This exponential growth, and the increase in the capacity and accessibility of computers coupled with the decrease in cost, has brought about revolutionary changes in every aspect of human civilization, including crime. As a result, the increased capacities of information systems today come at the cost of increased vulnerability. Information technology has begun to produce criminal opportunities of a variety that the brightest criminals of yore could not even begin to dream about. The term “Cyber Crime” has nowhere been defined in any statute or Act passed or enacted by the Indian Parliament. Any criminal activity that uses a computer either as an instrumentality, target or a means for perpetuating further crimes comes within the ambit of cyber crime. It is rapidly evolving from simple e-mail mischief where offenders send obscene e-mail, to more serious offences like theft of information, e-mail bombing to crashing servers etc.There are various forms of cyber crime like...
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...procure fixed assets, which remain in use for a longer period. Money invested in these assets is called ‘Long term Funds’ or ‘Fixed Capital’. Business also needs funds for short-term purposes to finance current operations. Investment in short term assets like cash, inventories, debtors etc., is called ‘Short-term Funds’ or ‘Working Capital’. The ‘Working Capital’ can be categorised, as funds needed for carrying out day-to-day operations of the business smoothly. The management of the working capital is equally impor-tant as the management of long-term financial investment. Every running business needs working capital. Even a business which is fully equipped with all types of fixed assets required is bound to collapse without (i) adequate supply of raw materials for processing; (ii) cash to pay for wages, power and other costs; (iii) creating a stock of finished goods to feed the market demand regularly; and, (iv) the ability to grant credit to its customers. All these require working capital. Working capital is thus like the lifeblood of a business. The business will not be able to carry on day-to-day activities without the availability of adequate working capital. The diagram shown on the next page clarifies it: Working capital cycle involves conversions and rotation of various con-stituents/components of the working capital. Initially ‘cash’ is converted into raw materials. Subsequently, with the usage of fixed assets resulting in value additions, the raw materials get converted...
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