...How to Make School Vouchers Equal Today, politicians love to argue over the school voucher system. However, what is this system? The school voucher system was first introduced by Milton Friedman, a conservative economist, and Noble laureate. He believed that making all school private would improve education, and introduced a system where the government pays for a private K-12 school’s tuition (Parkay, 213). Although this system was first introduced more than 50 years ago, it still causes great debate between educators, politicians, parents, and those alike. Those who are against the school voucher system, such as I, argue that this system violates the separation of church and state, gives no statistical difference in test scores and grades,...
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...The Law and School Vouchers July 24, 2013 Grand Canyon University: EDA 555 The Law and School Vouchers School choice is a very controversial topic and aggressively disputed today. There are various types of choices which provide many educational opportunities. Can parents afford it? School vouchers are only one choice in this divisive topic. No matter which side of the issue regarding vouchers you agree with, people are very passionate about it. Texas has been trying for years to pass it in Congress; however, it has not passed. There are many pros and cons regarding this topic. First of all, there are many choices for parents today to provide educational opportunities for their children according Chen (2011). There are the public schools. These are schools which require no tuition and the students are zoned to that particular school in their district. Charter schools are another option. They are free, public schools established independently. They are not subject to the same state and federal requirements, but they are held to a high accountability. Parents can request this option. Magnet schools are also free, public schools. They have a specific focus such as science or art. In order to qualify to attend this school, the student may have to take a test and have satisfactory behavior. Another type of school is the virtual school. This is distance learning and learning at your own pace. It has strict government and district...
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...School Vouchers: Equality in Education It is no secret that education has become a necessity for a promising, secure and stable future in today’s economy. Education is a great enabler and equalizer, it forces individuals to reach above and beyond and tap into unlimited potential. It has become the engine to social mobility, the avenue to better and more meaningful work by forming more opportunities for families and communities. Boutselis (2015) study found the following: people with college degrees vote more, divorce less, smoke less and the list goes on. Take the two together – personal development and social mobility – and education is an incredible force for good. In many ways, it is critical to the American narrative of self-improvement, merit and mobility. (p.1). It is apparent that for most individual’s education is a key detriment of a quality life. Nevertheless, it should be noted that our economic system perpetuates that a quality education is not a right it is a privilege. A privilege which children who grow up in low-income families are constantly repudiated. Research indicates significant disparities in the quality of education that students growing up in poverty receive in correlation to their peers who grow up in financially stable households. In attempt to offer a solution to this disparity, legislation introduced the concept of school vouchers to serve as resolution to the progressing disparities in our educational system. Essentially, these school vouchers...
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...School vouchers can be described as financial funding given to students who elect not to attend public schools. Therefore the government would not be spending money educating that student in a public school. A school voucher is the allotment of money that the government would have used for that student to attend public school. This money is then given to the family of the student to help fund the education of that student. This money cannot be used for anything other than education. There are many sides to take and many opinions to be had. It is very clear that the prospect of school vouchers is an issue to be debated. Some people feel that if they are not using the government’s form of education then they should be paid for not using it, in order to help finance other forms of education. On the other side of the issue, some people feel that school vouchers would be used in many cases to subsidize religious schools. This becomes a hot topic due to the separation of church and state. In short, does money not being used by a student belong to that student, and can it be used for a private, and sometimes religious, school. There are only two logical options to solve this dilemma of school vouchers. The first is that the government provides school vouchers to students not enrolled in the public school system. The second is that the government does not provide school vouchers to students not enrolled in the public school system. There are many stipulation... ... middle of paper...
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...help students succeed in school such as the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, School Choice, and Technology. Each one has had a significant impact on our educational system today. Each of these changes have been established to support and help all students succeed in school. With the onset of the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 standardized testing has become a major instrument for gauging student and teacher performance (Smyth 2011). Based on how students perform, schools performance is measured based upon how they match up with other schools across the country. In some way this is unfair as the demographics of each school are different. When teachers are concerned with how their students are performing on a test it eliminates the opportunity to teach higher level thinking and reduces a teacher’s creativity in the classroom (Smyth 2011). According to Thomas Rabovsky 2011, “School choice refers to a wide variety of policies that allow students to transfer out of an assigned residential public school. These policies range from fairly limited systems of public choice, to more expensive systems of choice that provides tuition vouchers for students to exit the public school system entirely and attend private school instead” (Rabavsky 2011). The school choice movement has allowed families to make intra-district transfers and in a few states allowed students to move from the public school system to a private school through the use of a tuition voucher (Hseih 2001). Technology...
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...plan to keep the act intact but with their own revisions, and both parties stress the importance of every child receiving what they call a “world-class education. (Internation Reading Association: Reading Today: McCain vs. Obama)McCain’s key concept in changing the No Child Left Behind Act, is giving parents and their children the choice of any school through charter schools, vouchers, or tax credits for private schools, while Obama’s main focus is recruiting new teachers and paying them higher salaries; I believe Obama’s plan to reform the No Child Left Behind Act is a more productive plan, and that he has a better approach to reforming the No Child Left Behind Act. The No Child Left Behind Act, NCLB, was introduced on January 23, 2001, immediately after George Bush stepped into office. This act requires all public schools to provide a state-wide standardized test yearly to every student. Schools receiving funding must make a progress in tests scores every year. If schools fail to do so, they are published in their town’s local news paper as “failing schools,” and parents have the option to transfer their children to another school. According to the National Assessment of Educational...
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...ECONOMICS _____________________________________________________________________________________ WEEK 1: HOW ECONOMISTS THINK * What are preferences? Preferences refer to all of the objectives an individual wants to achieve that might motivate a choice among a set of alternatives. * What does it mean for an individual’s preferences to be rational? Please explain the concepts of costs and benefits and the reasoning process used by a rational individual. A rational individual will try to make the best possible use of his/her scarce resources, usually choosing an activity that has the highest utility. Rational preferences possess 2 properties, which are completeness and transitivity. Completeness means that choices can be ranked in an order of preference. For instance, an individual will have a preference when faced with two choices. Transitivity means actions can be compared with other actions. As an example, if action a is preferred to b, and action b is preferred to c, then a is preferred to c. A benefit is the maximum unit of currency amount you would be willing to pay to do x, while the cost is the value of all the resources you must give up in order to do x. The cost-benefit approach to decisions states that an individual should do an activity x if the benefit exceeds the cost. Relating to cost, in the process of coming up with a decision, a rational individual will take into account opportunity costs and ignore sunk costs. * New theories argue that...
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...INQUIRY RESEARCH PAPER- MERIT PAY Action Inquiry Research Paper- School Finance Jennifer Ponton Grand Canyon EDA 535 July 01, 2012 Action Inquiry Research Paper- School Finance Statement of the Problem This past spring thousands of teachers protested at the Louisiana State Capital to prevent Louisiana lawmakers from passing an educational reform bill proposed by Governor Bobby Jindall that would change the face of public education in Louisiana forever. Many superintendents and school personnel were relieved of their professional responsibilities on the days they protested hoping that they could sway the governor and the lawmakers from passing the bill. The bill was passed even without the support of many educational leaders and lawmakers in Louisiana. The laws passed by Louisiana lawmakers read like a conservative education reformer’s wish list. Teacher tenure in Louisiana after three years of employment was eliminated and replaced with teachers receiving a “highly effective rating for five out of six consecutive years of teaching. Back to back “ineffective rating will result in a teacher being fired. Seniority will no longer be a dominant factor in layoff decisions. In fact most decisions involving teacher employment and pay will now be the responsibility of both the principal and the superintendent of school. Before Governor Jindall’s reform plan it was the responsibility of the local school board. The reform proposed by the governor goes well beyond just...
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...State versus Private Ownership Andrei Shleifer Department of Economics Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts. Abstract Private ownership should generally be preferred to public ownership when the incentives to innovate and to contain costs must be strong. In essence, this is the case for capitalism over socialism, explaining the "dynamic vitality" of free enterprise. The great economists of the 1930s and 1940s failed to see the dangers of socialism in part because they focused on the role of prices under socialism and capitalism, and ignored the enormous importance of ownership as the source of capitalist incentives to innovate. Moreover, many of the concerns that private firms fail to address “social goals” can be addressed through government contracting and regulation, without resort to government ownership. The case for private provision only becomes stronger when competition between suppliers, reputational mechanisms, the possibility of provision by private not-for-profit firms, as well as political patronage and corruption, are brought into play. 1 What kinds of goods and services should be provided by government employees as opposed to private firms? Should government workers make steel and cars in government-owned factories? Should teachers and doctors be publicly employed or should they work for private schools and practices? Should garbage be picked up by civil servants or employees of private garbage haulers? Should the whole economy be "socialized"? Although...
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...assignment I will be explaining three different approaches to health education. I will also be giving examples of each approach being used and lastly I will also be explaining the role of the health educators in these approaches. The three approaches I will be talking about are as follows; social marketing approach, two way communication and community development approach. Health education is usually used to give information and advice of the knowledge and skills that the professionals have gained in their sector in order to change the behaviour that affects health an example of this could be using social marketing by putting posters up in busses about eating healthy. Health educators come from a wide range of professions including teachers in schools, social workers who work with adults and young children, practice nurses in wards and hospitals and even care homes, health visitors that come out to individuals and leisure centre staff who work in gyms. Health education uses different approaches to promote health education and some of the approaches that are used and are being used I will be talking about within this assignment. Prescriptions were introduced 1952 smoking and cancer link introduced 1954 2000 NHS walk in centres introduced 2007 smoking ban introduced This time line links in with my campaign and shows how health improved over the years within drugs and other substances for an example smoking ban in public bases resulted in quite a few people quitting...
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...Health Care Law What should employers know? MGMT 4510 CRN 87885 Legal Issues in Human Resources Dr. Judith Ogden Group Members Jemella Bartley Justin Martin Christie Simon On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed into law the comprehensive health reform legislation, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, P.L. 111-148. Recognizing the disparities among American citizens, with and without health insurance, both Acts focus on ensuring that all Americans have access to quality, affordable health care. Comprehensive health reform addresses the following: major provisions to expand health care coverage, controlling health care costs, and improving health care delivery systems. While many debate the pros and cons of the new legislation, they must prepare for significant changes tiered over the next eight years. Here, we will discuss how the comprehensive health reform legislation affect employers and explain what they should know and be prepared for. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act each address essential components of reform: * Quality, affordable health care for all Americans: this function will accomplish a fundamental transformation of health insurance in the United States through shared responsibility. This means requiring most U.S. citizens and legal residents to have health insurance and requiring employers (large & small) to offer insurance or pay a penalty to the government for each employee. * The role...
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...SUPPLY AND DEMAND WHAT IS THIS CHAPTER ALL ABOUT? This chapter introduces market behavior and the intricacies of the market mechanism. It is helpful to continue to answer the basic questions of WHAT, HOW, and FOR WHOM and to briefly outline how the market system answers them. The chapter focuses on the allocative and distributive functions of the price system. The section on disequilibrium pricing -- price ceilings and floors -- provides an opportunity to illustrate the upside and downside of interference with market pricing mechanisms. The opening illustration of a kidney sale on eBay demonstrates the power and potential problems of markets. This introduction sets the general direction of this chapter, which is to look at how the market system answers the following questions: 1. What determines the price of a good or a service? 2. How does the price of a product affect its production and consumption? 3. Why do prices and production levels often change? NEW TO THIS EDITION • New headline on campus drinking • New headline on demand shifts for natural gas • One new question for discussion • One new problem LECTURE LAUNCHERS Where should you start? Supply and Demand analysis is the foundation of much of the analysis the student will perform during the semester. Therefore, it is important that students get a good start with this material. 1. Begin your discussion by identifying...
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...Chapter 1: The purpose of Business Activity The economics problem: needs and wants. Basically, all humans have needs and wants. Needs are things we can't live without, while wants are simply our desires that we can live without. We all have unlimited wants, which is true, since all of us want a new PC, a car, new graphics card, etc. that we actually do not need to live. Businesses produce goods and services to satisfy needs and wants. Although we have unlimited wants, there are not enough resources for everyone. Resources can be split into 4 factors of production, which are: - Land: All natural resources used to make a product or service. - Labour: The effort of workers required to make a product or service. - Capital: Finance, machinery and equipment required to make a product or service. - Enterprise: Skill and risk-taking ability of the entrepreneur. Entrepreneurs are people who combine these factors of production to make a product. With these discussed, lets move on to the economic problem. The economic problem results from limited resources and unlimited wants. This situation causes scarcity, when there are not enough goods to satisfy the wants for everybody. Because of this, we will have to choose which wants we will satisfy (that will be of more benefit to us) and which we will not when buying things. For any choice, you will have to would have obtained if you didn't spend that money. For example, you would have got a book if you didn't buy the pen...
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...TERM PAPER ON Public Private Partnership in Rural Health Management in India Dec -2013 Contents Lists of Contents Page No 1. List of Abbreviations 3 2. Abstract 4 3. Introduction 6 3.1 Private Sector in India 7 3.2 THE ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR IN HEALTH CARE 8 3.3 Public/Private Partnership 8 3.4 OBJECTIVES OF PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS 10 3.5 Classifying PPPs 10 3.6 Challenges in Partnership 11 3.7 Characteristics of Partnership 12 3.8 Scope and types of partnership 13 3.9 The Study for Research paper 15 3.10.1 Analysis and Discussion 16 3.10.2 Overview of the Case Studies 16 3.10.3 Enabling Conditions 17 3.10.4 Equity and Accessibility 19 3.10 Private partner selection and obligations of the Partners 19 3.11 Performance Specifications 20 3.12 Resource implications 20 3.13 Autonomy 21 3.14 Technical and managerial capacity 22 3.15 Quality of services 23 3.16 Stakeholder Perspectives 23 4. Summary and Conclusion 24 5. References 26 6. Annexure 29 1. List of Abbreviations PPP Public Private Partnership HSR Health Sector Reform ADBI Asian Development Bank Institute NRHM National Rural Health Mission FRU First Referral Unit MMVs...
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.............................................................. 3 County Map for Scenario A ......................................................................................................... 4 Urban Map for Scenario B .......................................................................................................... 5 . County Map for Scenario B ......................................................................................................... 6 Urban Map for Scenario C .......................................................................................................... 7 . County Map for Scenario C ......................................................................................................... 8 Pros and Cons Summary Table ................................................................................................. 11 2. Urban Form ............................................................................................................................... 21 Issues to Consider for Future .................................................................................................... 21 Review of Scenarios...
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