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The Pros And Cons Of Water Treatment

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Water is one of basic requirements for living things to survive. Our Earth is consists of about 70% of water (The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 2007). According to American Water Works Association (2002), 97% of water on Earth is salt water, which consists of salt and other minerals. Human beings cannot consume salt water and it is hard to remove salt from salt water. It costs a significant amount of money to remove salt from salt water. Glacier ice at the North and South Poles are made up from water, which is 2 % from the water of Earth. Although glacier ice contains fresh water, it takes time to melt and difficult for living things to get the sources. Therefore, human beings only left less than 1 % of water can be used for daily life purposes such as drinking, transportation and cooking. Water treatment is …show more content…
Raju (1995) states that coagulation is a chemical process of destabilization the colloids. Initially, the particles in natural water are widely varied in concentration, origin and size as they are produced in various sources. Therefore, coagulant like alum is needed to destabilize the impurities’ charges. This is due to opposite charge in coagulant added into the water neutralize the impurities’ charges. The reaction between the coagulant and the impurities can be fast and happens in the rapid-mixing tank (American Water Works Association, 1990). Muyibi, Birima, Mohammed, and Noor (2004) mention that the types of coagulant used should be according to the chemical characteristic of the water to be treated. After neutralization, the neutralized particles are held together and form floc. Inter particles collisions occur when the floc are brought in contact through the process of slow mixing. American Water Works Association (1990) mentions that this step can be improved by adding coagulant aids or synthetic organic polymers whereby strengthen the bonding between

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