...years, the United States Space Program has brought to life things that, as late as the 1950’s, were once believed to be impossible. As a little boy, I remember watching TV in the library at school as the latest space shuttle was going to blast off from its launch pad en route to its destiny in space exploration. As I’ve grown, so too has my never ending curiosity of what lies beyond our own planet and solar system. We have been to the moon, seen unbelievable, up close photos of planets like Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn, and just when it looked like we’re about to make a leap into exploring beyond our solar system or possibly sending a manned mission to Mars, it all stops. Along with millions of other people who grew up dreaming of one day going into outer space or visiting a faraway planet, we all watched in horror as the United States Space Program has all but been eliminated by decisions made by members of Congress and President Barak Obama to drastically overhaul funding for NASA and the United States Space Program. In 2010, the President announced dramatic changes including the abandonment of the Constellation program and the Ares Rocket which was supposed to replace the newly retired space shuttle program, as well as outlining the development of commercializing elements of the industry which has forced NASA to re-evaluate the overall direction of its program and establish new, long-term initiatives. Will the commercialization and privatization of the space flight program enable...
Words: 2089 - Pages: 9
...Deep Space Exploration The immediate question being asked is should people explore deep space. One of the benefits of deep space exploration will be our ability to mine valuable resources from asteroids, eliminating the need for mining metals from the ground and tearing up our planet. Another would be the benefits of furthering medical research. I, for one, feel that Humans should explore deep space, because there are huge benefits for exploring deep space. There are of course obstacles in the way of the benefits of deep space so, what is the price tag on a deep space flight? Is what will be gained be worth the price that tax payers spend? Cost is only part of the problem; NASA has not launched a rocket since the Saturn V rockets used to take astronauts to the moon. And has been seen in recent days, the space shuttles are an old technology and have been retired. Another daunting question is the moral implications of sending people into deep space since they have no idea what effects having a human child in space would have on the child itself nor what effects zero G would have on an expecting mother. How will NASA be able to get exploration vehicles into space? What is needed is a solution to these problems. They need to figure out a way to make space exploration to become affordable. They will need to figure out a way to not only bring in money but also how to make space missions affordable. There may be several ways that this can be accomplished. Also, NASA will need...
Words: 737 - Pages: 3
...Jeremy Kibbey Martin Rottler April 25, 2018 Kibbey 2000 Paper Industry Reading List Assignment “We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard.” Said John F. Kennedy on September 12, 1962 at Rice University. This quote was also the introductory statement to the book “The Privatization of Space Exploration” By Lewis D Solomon, who explains the spirit of America in the 1960s we shifted our thinking from the age of the depression, where-in people would scrounge the earth to fix something broken and make it work. Today, as Solomon identified even in the 60s that people found it more efficient and effective to buy new when something was broken. Some of this complacency, and lack of intellectual intrigue to build engineer and repair, Solomon identified as a product of NASAs monopoly. This idea of lack of ingenuity, resource or desire is one hammered into my head since the start of my aviation career at 12 years old. I had begun Civil Air Patrol, a venture that would turn into a seven year commitment and result in life long friendships. My greatest mentor and the best pilot I have ever met drilled into my brain that nothing cannot be created without...
Words: 1306 - Pages: 6
...America has tossed its cap over the wall of space. -John F. Kennedy Introduction On February 1st, 2003 seven Americans lost their lives while returning to earth after finishing a mission for mankind. These Americans were aboard the space shuttle Challenger that broke apart during reentry into the earth’s atmosphere and was completely destroyed. After an extensive investigation the cause of the accident was determined to be the result of a hole that was punctured into the leading edge of the aircraft during takeoff (NASA). This hole resulted in an excess heating on the leading edge of the wing and then the failure of the wing. This was just the physical cause of the accident that destroyed the shuttle. There were other aspects of the entire NASA program that could have prevented this from occurring but there were failures in the system. Not one factor contributed Columbia accident, but a combination of factors are the root of the cause. The purpose of this case is to input the Columbia Accident Investigation Board (CAIB) in the Burke-Litwin model. This is not to reorganize the very through report by CAIB, but to see where the findings can fit in to show how both internal and external factors that affect change within NASA. One of the most important factors to understand with the Burke-Litwin model is that all 12 factors interact and affect each other. NASA just like any other organization can have negative traits that affect positive traits. This relationship is...
Words: 1746 - Pages: 7
...The Impact of Privatization of Public Services on the Public Sector Employment in the U.S. Literature review Privatization is one of the most discussed topics in the modern era of public management. Traditional norms of public management are getting unclear day by day because of the increased consideration for the efficiency and effectiveness of affairs of public sector organizations. One of the way governments adopted to increase the efficiency and effectiveness is the privatization of public services. Varner (2006) in his report titled ‘Government Privatization History, Example, and Issues’ given the definition of privatization as “Privatization is the process of transferring property from public ownership to private ownership and/or transferring the management of a service or activity from the government to the private sector”( Varner, 2006, p. 1). This paper assumes and proposes the privatization as independent variable and analyzes its impact on unemployment. So being an independent variable in a study it is very much appropriate to identify different aspects related to privatization. The significant contribution of Varner (2006) is that he has specified the forms of privatization as; “Complete Privatization, Privatization of Operations, Use of Contracts, Franchising, and Open Competition” (p. 1). In addition, he said that moves address the idea of reason what may be the causes ultimately ends up in privatizing the public entities. The provided list of seven reasons...
Words: 4277 - Pages: 18
...OVERVIEW OF AVIATION PRIVATIZATION IN EUROPE, AFRICAN AND ASIAN COUNTRY PREPARED BY: NUR IZZAH IWANI BT IBRAHIM@ABD RAHMAN 2010554633 NURUL HARYANIE BT MISRAN 2010572197 WANDEE BT JAMIL 2010558697 GROUP : AC220 8B PREPARED FOR : ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR. ASMAH ABDUL AZIZ PERSONAL BIOGRAPHY NUR IZZAH IWANI BT IBRAHIM @ ABD. RAHMAN 2010554663 NURUL HARYANIE BT MISRAN 2010572197 WANDEE BT JAMIL 2010558697 Contents ABSTRACT 3 KEYWORDS 3 INTRODUCTION 4 OVERVIEW OF AVIATION PRIVATIZATION IN EUROPE, AFRICAN AND ASIAN COUNTRIES 5 Argentina – Its pitfall and the problems behind it 5 Turkey – A Privatization through BOT 7 Kenya Airways – A Successful Story 9 Malaysian Airlines Considering Privatization 10 Germany-Fully privatized and partially privatized 12 Privatization in United Kingdom 14 IMPLICATION OF PRIVATIZATION 16 RECOMMENDATIONS 17 REFERENCES 18 ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the privatization of airports in six different countries which are Argentina, Turkey, Germany, United Kingdom, Malaysia and Kenya. The analysis aims to highlight the objectives, implementation and the government rules towards privatization of airports. This paper also aims to identify to what degree privatization contributes to or enhances the performance of the airports. The study measures the change in any given indicator of performance whether the privatization on the airports...
Words: 4737 - Pages: 19
...The Meaning of Privatization Copyright 1988 by Paul Starr. Seite 1 Readers may redistribute this article to other individuals for noncommercial use, provided that the text and this notice remain intact. This article may not be resold, reprinted, or redistributed for compensation of any kind without prior written permission from the author. If you have any questions about permissions, please contact the author at (609) 258-4533 or by e-mail at starr@princeton.edu. Preferred Citation: Paul Starr, "The Meaning of Privatization," Yale Law and Policy Review 6 (1988): 6-41. This article also appears in Alfred Kahn and Sheila Kamerman, eds., Privatization and the Welfare State (Princeton University Press, 1989). The Meaning of Privatization Paul Starr Privatization is a fuzzy concept that evokes sharp political reactions. It covers a great range of ideas and policies, varying from the eminently reasonable to the wildly impractical. Yet however varied and at times unclear in its meaning, privatization has unambiguous political origins and objectives. It emerges from the countermovement against the growth of government in the West and represents the most serious conservative effort of our time to formulate a positive alternative. Privatization proposals do not aim merely to return services to their original location in the private sphere. Some proposals seek to create new kinds of market relations and promise results comparable or superior to conventional public programs. Hence...
Words: 15087 - Pages: 61
...HALİL YILDIRIM 12.01.2012 014001231 REPORT: HELSINKI RAILWAY STATION Before start to introduce my report, it’s useful to define some important terms like public and private space. Public spaces are defined generally common areas where everyone easily access without any restriction. In other words, public space can be defined (…)in the sense of non-claimable’7 In order to keep spaces safe or keeping authority on those spaces, accessibility to public spaces usually is liable to some restrictions and regulations. In that point, public spaces are more public for some people, while they are less public to others. That can lead to the emergence of ‘moral geographies’ or ‘the idea that certain people, things and practices belong in certain spaces, places and landscapes and not in others. 1 Private space can be basically defined opposite of public spaces. That is to say, those places are not welcomed for everyone and accessing those places requires some necessities. In that periphery, my report is aiming to introduce some facts and publicness of Helsinki Railway Station. I approach the case in terms of diversity, physical design and accessibility of station. In the end, I tried to put Helsinki Railway Station in a model of public space with the help of my research on Station. Addition to that, I discuss what can be done to provide more access and public station. Firstly, we can start with history of Helsinki Railway Station. It’s in 1862 that we had a the first railway line...
Words: 4080 - Pages: 17
...PRIVATIZATION OF WAR SIKANDER ZAFAR SZABIST Abstract: It is believed that the fate of United States of America had been on the hands of mercenaries now what we call the modern-day private military companies. Since the start till the American Revolution in 1776, the American lands had been owned and controlled by mercenaries and private contractors. Christopher Columbus, the man who got backing from Spain's Queen Isabella and king Ferdinand to launch the voyage and discover the new world relater effectively became a private military contractor or a PMC. This shows that the history of contracting private military -previously by the royal offices and now by the democratically elected governments- have been practiced; Historians claims that mercenaries existed in ancient Egypt to safeguard the Egyptian sovereignty by the rebels of that time. Indeed, mercenaries have transformed into private military contractors after the downfall of Soviet Union in 1991 and the characteristics of a PMC and ancient mercenaries are rather similar. However, under The Hague Convention no. 5 mercenaries are illegal organizations but the role and responsibility of private military organizations is unknown in the international law which gives them free reins to operate in a way which fulfills their greed to make abnormal profits. The operations of private military companies is controversial, their contracts with the governments and other non-state actors is discreet in nature which confines the mass...
Words: 6059 - Pages: 25
...customers conveniences and a brand new experience from the ticket booking process to destination baggage handling. It was not merely some physical actions, but embedded their emotion and truly, sincerely treated people. SIA possessed the latest equipment. They seriously took care of the fleet, and updated the fleet frequently. Thus, SIA stocked a high quality of pool of talents. They carefully selected the fleet and designed interior structure to gain signal values, which was part of the differentiation strategy. A finely tuned recruitment and training strategy fostered a system meld the human assets into a formidable source of competitive strategy. SIA has exceptional people and enjoyed a steady stream of success. Deregulation and privatization in airline industry boosted the competition. SIA could spread its wing into more intercontinental routes with the help of alliances. But...
Words: 529 - Pages: 3
...SQG1: Globalization In chapter 2 we are introduced to the concept of Globalization. After conducting some research and pursuing an opinion, I’ve realized how this chapter really just touches the surface to its much complex nature. Nicholson’s text doesn’t exactly provide us with a specific definition of what Globalization actually is. Perhaps the reason is because it’s so conceptually broad, and its scope of how the VAC interconnects from one country to another is also broad. For that reason I read an article written by David Held and Anthony McGrew titled Globalization. Their definition of Globalization is one that I agree defines not what globalization is, but best defines what it does. They define globalization as a set of processes, that embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions, generating trans-continental or interregional flows and networks of activity, interaction, and power. What globalization is, isn’t as important as what it does. It is a benefit to society as it is a consequence. It is a truth, and also a paradox. The best way to form the answer of what globalization does is by understanding its dimensions. There are 6 defined dimensions of globalization. The first is its integration and interdependence of national economies. This is referring to how the aggregate activities to the value chain are used more frequently, and that it interconnects economies from other countries. This also harmonizes the fiscal policies...
Words: 1378 - Pages: 6
...Research Methodology7 c. Questionnaires8-10 RESEARCH FINDINGS a. Research Findings11 b. Analysis Of Research Findings12-13 c. Case Studies14-18 d. Conclusion 19 BIBLIOGRAPHY ABSTRACT This research focuses upon the experience of urban Space by evaluating human behavior and space to human relations. In addition, approaches to installation of temporary activities into the public realm and its impact that these can have upon perception, identity and activities within public space. This research explores the essential presence of temporary activities with in a city ,which requires a critical understanding of the functioning of public space .Finally this research would suggest possibilities of better spatial pattern to enhance spatial interaction and revive urban identities. CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION: If an urban environment is to be considered as a spatial ‘system’ and it is to be valued as a whole, “one must consider its parts in relation to its parts, its parts in relation to the whole and the whole in relation to the parts” (Archer et al., 1984, p. 8). People tend to respond to their environment according to their experiences, structuring and information obtained from the space. The long time scales of developing urban identity coupled with the short intense bursts of design input into the urban environment require an empirical approach to be adopted if successful and failed attempts to sustain city identity are to be analyzed and transferred...
Words: 3854 - Pages: 16
...------------------------------------------------- Начало формы NEWSPAPER TOPICAL VOCABULARY The article is headlined… The headline of the article is… The title of the article is... The author of the article is… It was published in… The newspaper carries an article on... The central idea of the article is... (The main idea of the article is... the article is devoted to... the article deals with... the article touches upon... the purpose of the article is to give the reader some information on... the aim of the article is to provide a reader with some material on...) The article is concerned with … The article deals with… The subject of the article is… At the beginning of the article the author describes… The article touches upon the problems of... To depict to dwell on to explain to introduce to mention/ By mentioning… to recall to characterize to analyze to comment on to enumerate to point out to emphasize to stress to underline to generalize about to criticize to make a few critical remarks on to reveal to expose to accuse to blame to condemn to mock smth to ridicule to praise to address smb… to give figures… to give a summary of to give one’s account of to take a decision… to make a statement… to go into details… to appeal to a wide readership to to single out the key points on which the article is based on quote smb… to have one's fingers on the pulse of current events, public opinion The article (the author) begins...
Words: 1502 - Pages: 7
...systems will make easy to user activities and communication of particular systems. The first and main feature of User Interface System is that manages the communication between user and application. So in the process of developing these systems, the object oriented programming features and techniques will make the design characteristics of interface systems like interactivity, flexibility and usability. Applying object-oriented methodologies to UI design can help to achieve this goal. To develop user interfaces, first identify the task to particular program function translation. It also involves identifying the object, problem space and associated functions, objects and attributes for the system. The main purpose of using object oriented approach in designing user interfaces because object programming allows for reusability,modularity and data privatization. modern graphical user interfaces are object-oriented; the user first accesses the object of interest and then modifies it by operating upon it. There are several reasons for going with an object-oriented interface approach for graphical user interfaces. One is the desire to continuously depict the objects of interest to the user to allow direct manipulation. For example in linux machines to delete the file or line the user would first remember the keyword for deletion and issue a delete command, but this can be achieved by creating icons in user interfaces. Icons are good and representing the...
Words: 790 - Pages: 4
...Decentralization and Devolution: Educational Implications of the Praetorian Interpretation By Baela Raza Jamil Idara-e-Taleem-o-Aagahi Public Trust September 2002 Decentralization and Devolution: Educational Implications of the Praetorian Interpretation Pakistan has a diverse ethnic population of 142 million people, with 32.2 percent people living below the poverty line (I-PRSP, 2001). It is a federation with four provinces and four federally administered territories[1]. For three decades the country experienced a process of increasing centralization in decision-making, resource management and service delivery. During that period, governments were set up under Islamic Socialism, martial law, experiments with democracy by eight governments, and another military take over. Democratic institutions and service delivery eroded at each reconstruction of the state. To offset poor governance, a process of devolution has been initiated through establishment of local governments across Pakistan. The principle of inclusion through political decentralization was meant to provide institutional entitlements for voice and action. Direct elections were held at the union council level (encompassing a population of 25,000, covering 5-7 villages or more settlements) in 2000 for 21 representatives. As the result of a countywide mobilization drive thirty-three percent seats were reserved for women, an unprecedented accomplishment in Pakistan’s history. In addition, six seats...
Words: 8715 - Pages: 35
