...Family and Women Who could guess that a quarter of a century later women have different roles outside and inside the home? Nobody could have foreseen this situation which includes most of the women in the world today. In today’s world, women have lots of roles everywhere. They have roles in social life, in work life and in political life. With developing world, women and their roles have been changing. Except from the outside roles, women take an important role in family life. The role of women in family varies in the modern world in terms of economy,child support and household. First of all,women make important conributions to the economy of the family. To begin with, women do not stay at home to do the housework and wait for their husbands anymore. In recent years, the number of women who are working has been increasing rapidly. Women work, earn money and help to increase the family’s income. The life conditions are getting harder and harder; therefore it is necessary to increase the income to have a better life. Women could do the shopping with their own money. For example, kitchen needs are met by women usually. Except from shopping, there are other household needs and bills that have to be paid and women try to help their husbands in these payments. Secondly, women do the savings in the family. Women should cooperate with her husband to make the family budget. Family budget is important factor because if the income becomes high and the expenditure is also high...
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...these conceptions is not biological at all but cultural. The way we tend to think about men and women and their gender roles in society constitute the prevailing paradigm that influences out thinking. Riane Eisler points out that the prevailing paradigm makes it difficult for us to analyze properly the roles of men and women in prehistory "we have a cultural bias that we bring to the effort and that colors our decision-making processes." Sexism is the result of that bias imposed by our process of acculturation.Gender roles in Western societies have been changing rapidly in recent years, with the changes created both by evolutionary changes in society, including economic shifts which have altered the way people work and indeed which people work as more and more women enter the workforce, and by perhaps pressure brought to make changes because of the perception that the traditional social structure was inequitable. Gender relations are a part of the socialization process, the initiation given the young by society, teaching them certain values and creating in them certain behavior patterns acceptable to their social roles. These roles have been in a state of flux in American society in recent years, and men and women today can be seen as having expanded their roles in society, with women entering formerly male dominions and men finding new ways to relate to and function in the family unit. When I was growing up a woman was never heard of having a job other than a school teacher or...
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...Work Life Balance for Women [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Table of Contents Abstract iii Introduction 2 Problems in Work Life Balance 4 Demographic Variables and Work Life Balance 4 Achieving the Balanced Life 6 Self Efficacy 6 Emotional Intelligence 7 Employer Efforts 7 Conclusion 10 References 11 Abstract Work-life balance describes the practices at work place that create an equilibrium in demands of employees to maintain a healthy family life and work activities. The demands and pressure is a greater challenge for female workforce to balance work life activities. The conflicts in such situation also has significant impact in career advancements of women. Organisations also play their part by creating a healthy work place culture that reflects cornerns for needs of employees during work and after work. Organisations should periodically review their contemprorary work processes and practices. They should determine the inefficiencies and reasons of stress that negatively effect motivation and commitment of female employees. This research study aims to undertake the factors that can affect the career women work-life balance. Work Life Balance for Women Introduction Work Life balance is a term that suggests the individuals how much control they have on the situations like when to work and how to work. It describes those practices that an individual aims to achieve equilibrium between family demands...
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...“GEOGRAPHICAL DISTANCES HAMPERING WOMEN CAREER - A CORPORATE AND ‘THE WOMAN’ PERSPECTIVE” SHEETAL DAMEY PRIYANKA KHOSE TRUPTI MALGAONKAR H & GH MANSUKHANI INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT 9922577556,9664867202, 9960745741 Sheetal0265@gmail.com, truptimalgaonkar@gmail.com priyankakhose@yahoo.co.in Abstract "Women account for one-half of the potential talent base throughout the world and therefore, over time, a nation's competitiveness depends significantly on whether and how it educates and utilizes its female talent," said Professor Klaus Schwab, founder and executive chairman of WEF. India has the lowest percentage of women employees (23%), followed by Japan (24%), Turkey (26%) and Austria (29%), according to the Corporate Gender Gap report brought out by the World Economic Forum on March 08, 2010. Work-life balance among women is now-a-days a crucial issue that many organizations are taking into consideration. When employees go back to their homes, they should not carry any organizational stress with them. A woman has two roles to play- personal and professional; each role having different set of demands. Such role demands are overlapping due to geographical issues. Women travelling 2-3 hours to reach workplace are having considerably high stress. This impact on performance pressure and losses for all concerned: the individual, the family and the organization. This leads to family–work conflict (FWC) and work–family conflict (WFC). FWC and WFC are more likely to...
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...Assess the view that gender roles and relationships have become more equal in the modern family life The item suggests that ‘a number of changes have taken place in gender roles and relationships within families’ so in today’s society, there are a number of sociological views, which agree that change between equality has taken place in gender roles and between the relationships within the family, making it more equal. Some argue that in modern family life there is much more equality, while others think this is just exaggerated. In this essay I will assess these views through domestic labour, domestic violence in couples and through the childcare debate, to find what extent gender roles and relationships have become more equal in modern family life. Functionalist sociologist Talcott Parsons (1955) thought that there was a biological division of labour roles within the family, and that this highly benefited the family within society. He saw gender roles being split as expressive and instrumental. This means that the gender roles were very unequal as the husband would have to play the instrumental role where he would have to provide financial stability for the family, while the wife would have to play the expressive role where she would look out for the emotional welfare of the family by socialising the children and being a housewife. In 1957 Elizabeth Bott put these divisions into joint and segregates conjugal roles’. This means that the family roles were divided between a couple...
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...Abstract In the present situation, both men and women are working in order to build up the career. This end up in the work family conflict which is in simple term refer to the situation which occurs due to the imbalance in the working area and family where an individual cannot fulfill the role in the both areas. The main purpose of this paper is to unfold what the work family conflict and dual professionalism is. Furthermore, this paper reviews the article that pinpoint the factors that is responsible for work family conflict. The main aim of this paper is to figure out how the factors like gender, culture, job satisfaction and stress end up in work family conflict. Likewise, this paper also reviews the ways to control the work family conflict to some extent. Keywords: Work family conflict, Gender, Culture, Job Satisfaction, Stress Introduction Work-family conflict has been the important issue in the present scenario. Today both the couples are working in a particular field in order to pursue their goals. In the past decades, mainly women were responsible to balance the work and family. As the time changes, men have been also responsible to balance family and work. Female were only supposed to stay in home in the past era. These days the idea is completely changing. Both the couples work and pursue their dream. These days it is clear to us that both the couples work and share the responsibility of the family and care giving. (Greenhaus et. al, 2000). Both the couples are...
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...What is meant by the term Family? (2) Family is a group of people related by kinship ties such as blood, marriage/civil partnership or adoption. Explain how sociologists may understand childhood as a socially constructed concept (4) The social construction of childhood means that it is not natural as it is a concept with various meanings in different societies. An interactionist known as Aries (1962) suggested that childhood today is a new social invention as during industrialisation children were seen as ‘miniature adults’ as they performed the same work as their parents. Whereas since the 20th century an emergence of a child-centred society is now present. Parents view children as sentimental as they now occupy a central place in the emotional life of home. The state has also contributed to the child-centred society by introducing safe guarding policies as Wells (2009) notes the government of childhood is organised around saving children from internal and external threats. However, not all societies in the world have a concept of childhood which does show that childhood is socially constructed. Suggest three ways in which the form of the typical family has been affected by demographic factors (6) Due to changes in fertility rate the average age of woman giving birth over 30 years old has increased – The use of reliable birth control has enabled woman to have power over reproduction, as well as this the educational opportunities has increased for females which woman...
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...Managerial decision making in today’s multi-role family based society Universiteit Maastricht School of Business and Economics Maastricht, 28 July 2011 Van ’t Klooster, M.L. ID number: i491675 Study: Economics Course code: Cap3023 Capstone: Organization Writing Assignment: Topic 4 Organization Universiteit Maastricht School of Business and Economics Maastricht, 28 July 2011 Van ’t Klooster, M.L. ID number: i491675 Study: Economics Course code: Cap3023 Capstone: Organization Writing Assignment: Topic 4 Organization Table of contents: 1. Introduction....................................................................................................................2 2. Combining work and family...........................................................................................3 3. The negative effects of having multiple roles.................................................................3 4. The positive effects of having multiple roles..................................................................5 5. Gender differences in having multiple roles...................................................................6 6. Taking personality into account......................................................................................7 7. Organizations and their role............................................................................................8 8. Boundary management..................................
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...evaluate the view that families are now more egalitarian. In the past, families were seen as very traditional with the men back having the role of being the breadwinner and women dealing with the traditional domestic chores as well as other roles such as looking after the children. Whereas in today’s society, families are now more equal. Children today are much more dependent on their families. However some may argue that, even in the contemporary UK, families are still traditional and not equal. A study by Young and Willmott claimed that roles carried out by men and women were symmetrical, (and in the third stage) with a sharing of domestic tasks, childcare and decision making. They found that the roles were joint conjugal roles rather than single. This shows how families are now more egalitarian as tasks and chores were being shared out. However, this study can be criticised as Anne Oakely as she found that women spent 77 hours per week on housework. She also said that women take on a double burden as they have to deal with domestic chores as well as other roles such as looking after the children. As well as this, she claimed that men only have to do a few tasks in order to qualify as a ‘household husband’ and roles were segregated and not joint. This shows how families are not egalitarian. Families are now devoting their time and working around their schedule into family life. Rapoport and Rapoport found that working couples negotiated family and work commitments....
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...world views women and their roles in society. Specifically, how life for Canadian women has changed and how women from different cultures and countries each face unique problems in being respected and treated as equal members of society. Women have gone from being valued only as housewives in the fifties to CEOs in modern times. This is a remarkable achievement which should have come sooner. Although, even in today’s society women are still subjected to unfair and unjustified prejudice, stereotyping, sexism and conservative old fashioned gender role ideas. Women were believed to be passive and weak which is a complete contrast to how most of the world views women today. When compared...
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...and power relationships are now equal in modern life (20 marks) There are several different views that sociologists hold regarding the equality of the division of labour in couples and power relationships in modern life. Some sociologists such as march of progress sociologists see greater trends towards equality whilst other sociologists such as feminists believe there is a lot of changes both in the public sphere and private sphere that need to take place before the division of labour, and the hold of power in couples can become equal in modern life. Functionalist sociologists Young and Willmott developed a theory in the 1970s called the symmetrical family. The symmetrical family described a family life which was improving for all of its members, becoming more equal and becoming more democratic. Young and Willmott argue that there has been long-term trend away from segregated conjugal roles and towards joint conjugal roles and the symmetrical family. Segregated and joint conjugal roles are distinguished between by sociologist Elizabeth Bott. Segregated conjugal roles resemble Talcott Parsons’ instrumental and expressive role theory, in which a couple have separate allocated roles such as the male being a breadwinner and the female a homemaker. Joint conjugal roles are where the couple share tasks such as housework and childcare and spend their leisure time together. Thus, Young and Willmott’s symmetrical family would support the argument that the division of...
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...get this privilege. Women were the only ones who were allotted maternity leave for the birth of their babies at an average of six weeks. In today’s society it has become more predominant that men have at least four weeks of paternity leave. Should men be aloud time off to bond with their children? Should men be given the same privilege as women? Do men play an important role in the child’s life? This topic has become an intriguing argument. What people need to understand is that a father is just as important as the mother when it comes to raising a child. Should men be a loud the time off work to bond with their children? According to the article...
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...The Family Sphere: The Changing Role of Women in the Home HIS 310 American Women's History Instructor: Dr. Cheryl Lemus April 18, 2016 Dr. Barbara Welter penned an influential article in 1966 titled “The Cult of True Womanhood: 1820–1860” which shed light on the often restrictive family sphere of existence within which, most American women throughout history had dwelt. According to Welter, true womanhood held that women were designed exclusively for the roles of wife and mother and were expected to cultivate Piety, Purity, Submissiveness, and Domesticity in all their relations (para.2). The Cult of True Womanhood, the idealized sainted mother, unconditional devotee of her husband and children, and the core power within the home still exists in the minds of many American men and women and seems to be an intrinsic part of our shared history. The ideal of the sphere of the American women and her relationship to the family evolved as the colonization of the United States evolved. When the first settlers arrived, women held a much more equitable role, laboring alongside the men to establish the country’s first settlements. As the initial settlements grew, the women who had proved vital in their creation were expected to lay down their hammers and saws and return to the family sphere. The supposition being that the return of the American woman to the family sphere was a returning to of them to their natural roles. She would leave the public sphere and revert to the more domestic...
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...Sociology Revision What is the family? “The family are a close group of people, usually related not always. Who support each other and at some point in their lives tend to live in the same household.” There is no correct definition on the family, Sociologists do not agree on a definition, broadly there are two types of definition; • Exclusive definitions – These focus on the specific relationships within the family unit i.e. marriage • Inclusive definitions – These focus on the functions of the unit e.g. support. The Cereal Packet Family A popular image of the family in Britain in the late twentieth century has been described as the cereal packet family. The ‘happy family’ image gives the impression that most people live in a typical family and these images reinforce the dominant ideology of the traditional nuclear family. Functionalists Roles of the Family – Parsons The Functionalist Talcott Parsons sees two main functions that the family performs these are: • The primary socialisation of children Parson argues that every individual must internalise the norms and values of society. He said it is the family that moulds the child’s personality to fit the needs of society, producing children who are committed to shared norms and values and who have a strong sense of belonging to society • The stabilisation of adult personalities Adults need emotional security, which is given by partners in a marriage, and they also need a source...
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...Sociology Revision What is the family? “The family are a close group of people, usually related not always. Who support each other and at some point in their lives tend to live in the same household.” There is no correct definition on the family, Sociologists do not agree on a definition, broadly there are two types of definition; • Exclusive definitions – These focus on the specific relationships within the family unit i.e. marriage • Inclusive definitions – These focus on the functions of the unit e.g. support. The Cereal Packet Family A popular image of the family in Britain in the late twentieth century has been described as the cereal packet family. The ‘happy family’ image gives the impression that most people live in a typical family and these images reinforce the dominant ideology of the traditional nuclear family. Functionalists Roles of the Family – Parsons The Functionalist Talcott Parsons sees two main functions that the family performs these are: • The primary socialisation of children Parson argues that every individual must internalise the norms and values of society. He said it is the family that moulds the child’s personality to fit the needs of society, producing children who are committed to shared norms and values and who have a strong sense of belonging to society • The stabilisation of adult personalities Adults need emotional security, which is given by partners in a marriage, and they also need a source...
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