...The Russian Healthcare System Topic: The Russian Healthcare System 1. Introduction 1. History of Russia’s Healthcare System 2. The Russian Government’s Role in Healthcare 2. Body 1. Russian healthcare today 2. Healthcare availability, quality and cost 1. Access to care 2. Employee contribution 3. Private insurance 3. Becoming a healthcare provider in Russia 1. Training 2. Income 4. Hospitals in Russia 1. Rural Health Posts 2. Health Centers 3. Urban Polyclinics 4. Special Focus Polyclinics 5. Pharmaceuticals 1. Availability and affordability 2. Pharmacies in the Russian Federation 3. Conclusion 1. Conclusion The Russia Healthcare System Since the collapse of the Soviet Union the health of the Russian population has declined greatly as a result of social, economic and lifestyle changes. Before the 1990s Russia has a socialist model of healthcare which was centralized and integrated with the government providing free healthcare to all of its citizens. All health personnel were state employees and communicable disease had priority over non-communicable ones. Emphasis was placed on specialist and hospital care. The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world in terms of surface area and it covers an area of 17 million km2 with a coastline of 37653 km. The Russian population in...
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...Russian Federation Health Care System in Transition Rebecca Segal Amanda McCarter Yasiah Hurtado Grand Canyon University: Verree Laughlin Organizational Structure and Management Curative health care services Maternal and child health care Medical nursing education Sanitary epidemiological services • Sanatoria and resorts • • • • • The Russian Federation is divided into three levels: Federal, Regional, and Municipal • Each city manages their own city hospital and polyclinics. • Regional sections govern tertiary and secondary hospitals and outpatient services. • Rayons oversee the smaller territories or districts and provide a central hospital and outpatient services. Hospitals and Providers • “Rural Health Post: They take care of minor injuries, do routine exam’s, and immunization they take care about 4,000 people” (Healthcare in Russia, 2012) • “Special Focus Polyclinics: This is a place where children under the age of 19 are treated” (Healthcare in Russia, 2012). • • “Health Centes: They have a range of physicians, nurses, pediatricians, a therapist and midwife or gynecologist. They are able to perform minor surgeries along with a range of primary care services. They cover larger rural areas of approximately 7,000 people” (Healthcare in Russia, 2012). “Urban Polyclinics: They provide services which are normally considered general practice. The door screening and treat chronic illnesses and on-going care...
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...Population and Healthcare Coverage…………………………………………………………… Population………………………………………………………………………………………….. Causes of death…………………………………………………………………………………….. Healthcare Status…………………………………………………………………………………... Health Services Available………………………………………………………………………… Insurance…………………………………………………………………………………………… Services…………………………………………………………………………………………….. Organization of Healthcare………………………………………………………………………… Quality of Healthcare…………………………………………………………………………….. Standards…………………………………………………………………………………………… Healthcare Received……………………………………………………………………………….. Comparison of Russia and U.S…………………………………………………………………….. Expenditures………………………………………………………………………………………. Revenue……………………………………………………………………………………………. Governments role…………………………………………………………………………………... Environmental Influences………………………………………………………………………... Political impact/involvement………………………………………………………………………. Economic influences……………………………………………………………………………….. Cultural impact……………………………………………………………………………………... Comparison……………………………………………………………………………………….. Russia vs U.S………………………………………………………………………………………. Bibliography………………………………………………………………………………………. Executive Summary Russia has a much lower patient satisfaction revolving around healthcare. This is due to out dated hospitals and clinics that have partial or no running water, out dated technology which creates disorganization when needing tests done. The population of Russia is about 143 million people so far, and it’s increasing every year. The healthcare of Russia...
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...Vlad Shtyrts Mr. Caruso H Mod Literature 1 May 2014 Analysis of corruption in Russia “They steal,” said Nikolai Karamzin, Russian poet, historian, and philosopher, to sum up Russia. His statement is quite accurate, because that is exactly what has been happening in Russia for the past half a millennia. Corruption is one of the main causes of all the problems in Russia. It has spread from the central government into the economy, education, health care, and national defense. Corruption directly impacts the lives of Russian citizens and the relationship with foreign nations. Russia is known to have a long history of corruption, every year it is becoming an increasing problem because it brings an overall instability to the country and affects all of its citizens. The money intended for the social systems is being routed into the pockets of rapacious politicians and criminals. What is corruption? According to the Oxford dictionary corruption is “dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery,” this is exactly what it means, but in Russia it is much more complex. There are many categories, types, and tier of corruption in Russia, each dealing with different aspects of the practice. Two main types exist, the grand and petty corruption. Grand corruption deals with the government branches, and has a greater monetary value. This type involves corruption in politics, lawmaking, and government contracts. Petty corruption is are the insignificant bribes...
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...directors, senior management, nurses, physicians, other healthcare staff and ancillary staff. The senior management members are the role models for the hospital staff. Similarly, all leadership roles within the healthcare organization, formal and informal, must possess and exhibit the identical vision of zero patient harm (Chassin and Loeb, 2013). Additionally, the Risk Manager and Quality Department staff performs an important role in implementing, maintaining, assessing, and auditing quality and patient safety initiatives. In this case analysis, the key roles that influenced the outcome of a wrong-site surgery event include the emergency department triage staff, emergency department staff (physician, nurse, medical assistant or technician, and/or emergency medical technician), holding area nurse, anesthesiologist, surgeons, and operating room staff. There were plenty of opportunities to stop the sentinel event from occurring. The patient went from one caregiver to the next without a proper verification process. The senior management team with the support of the board of trustees and medical executive committee must hold all healthcare staff employees responsible for their part in risk reduction (Health Research & Educational Trust and Joint Commission Center for Transforming Healthcare, 2014)....
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...Appendix References EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Invacare Home Heath Equipment and Supply is a promising venture to take into consideration for the St. Petersburg, Russia area. It will provide high-quality health equipment and service to its customers. Invacare will provide a wide array of equipment such as wheelchairs (manual and battery powered), beds (basic-electrically operated beds), respiratory equipment (oxygen, nebulizers), bedside commodes, walkers, and canes. After analyzing the demographics and opportunities in the St. Petersburg areas, it was determined that there is a need for a local healthcare provider. St. Petersburg, through much research, has been determined to be in need of better healthcare accessories. The handicaps of St. Petersburg seem to be overlooked and not giving accessibility to most local venders. By strategically placing Invacare in St. Petersburg, the healthcare and handicap concerns may be eliminated. This venture has great potential, can be profitable, and offer a better lifestyle for the disabled in St. Petersburg and the surrounding areas. Many areas have been researched and provided information throughout this marketing plan in order to help make the most informed decision when pondering...
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...Background. After years, even decades of growing disenchantment of the Russian people with their government leadership and inability to provide a stable economy, Russia of the 1990’s was about to experience even more turbulence in an attempt to provide stability, economic growth and become a superpower on the world stage once again. As the end of the Cold War drew to a close, Russians demanded more freedom and independence from the old Soviet-style ways of operating their country and thus led to a break from the Soviet Union in 1991. While Gorbachev attempted to maintain his power and keep the Soviet Union united, the fate of Russia had already been decided and a new leader emerged by the name of Boris Yeltsin. However, unbeknownst to the Russian citizenry, their country was about to experience greater instability and deterioration in their economy by way of ill-advised reforms, more specifically poorly planned tax policies, inexperienced leadership, lack of and disrespect for rule of law, continuous changing of laws and their Constitution, inefficient and upside-down government infrastructure, absent institutionalization, increased foreign government debt (see Exhibit 12), hyper-inflation (see Exhibit 7D), devaluation of their currency and finally a contraction of their national GDP. These serious issues, or flawed attempts to make Russians lives better, resulted instead in corruption, violence, poor national health, distrust of government leadership, and a bankrupt...
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...United States Main article: Health care reform in the United States Health care reform in the United States Healthcare reform in the US Debate over reform History Latest enacted legislation Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Senate bill - H.R. 3590) Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 (H.R. 4872) preceding legislation Social Security Amendments of 1965 Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (1986) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (1996) Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act (2003) Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act (2005) [show] More information -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This box: view· talk· edit See also: Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Maximum Out-of-Pocket Premium as Percentage of Family Income (Source: CRS) In the United States, the debate regarding healthcare reform includes questions of a right to health care, access, fairness, sustainability, quality and amounts spent by government. The mixed public-private health care system in the United States is the most expensive in the world, with health care costing more per person than in any other nation, and a greater portion of gross domestic product (GDP) is spent on it than in any other United Nations member state except...
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...When I think of healthcare what comes to mind is the preventive measure an individual takes or a collective group (like a clinic or hospital) takes to ensure appropriate medical aid is met to insure an individual’s wellbeing. I do not look at it as if someone has coverage. You go to the doctor’s office you get the care needed pickup your proscription and go on your way. Money is never an issue. But we all know that not how it works. The future of healthcare is one that will require everyone to contribute and that would be patients, doctors, insurance companies and the law makers. Patients should be and need to be more health conscience and work together with their providers to treat whatever ails them. Doctors need to stop treat and start being more preventive. Stop placing band aids on wounds and prevent them from occurring all together. Hospital need to stop worry about who has coverage and put more focus on compassion with care. Putting a value on saving lives not the value of a dollar. In the end the future of healthcare resides with congress. And we all know that congress in corrupt and they are playing Russian roulette with healthcare. The need to left provision on Medicare as well as putting those pharmaceutical companies in check....
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... The Health of Russian Society and a look into Healthcare Summary It’s the end of 2007 and there are still many issues to address when it comes to the health of Russians and health care itself. HIV/AIDS continues to hover at epidemic levels, alcoholism is a country wide problem and death by alcohol poisoning is still on the rise in some areas. Over half of the deaths in Russia are caused by heart problems but the funding for treatment remains insufficient. Russia leads the world in the prevalence of smoking and has yet to sign the World Health Organizations anti-smoking convention. Health care facilities fail to meet fire and safety norms with things like faulty electric power systems and unsatisfactory fire evacuation requirements. Drug addiction continues to be a problem and over 90 percent of the heroin coming into the country is from Afghanistan. Some other noteworthy concerns are the appearances of avian (bird) flu throughout the country and the large number of tuberculosis cases including ones that are drug resistant. However there are some positive trends that have developed. Within the next few years about 30,000 young HIV patients are slated to receive therapy. Drug use is not as prevalent as it was several years ago and increases in drug addiction have ended. The health of Russian conscripts is improving as well compared with the last several years. Introduction 1. Alcoholism and alcohol poisoning deaths are a real problem Russian society faces. ...
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...High Risk Nutritional Practice Rosemary Gutierrez Grand Canyon University: HLT 324 V November 15, 2014 Abstract The importance of knowing your culture and where you come from can help you understand other people’s culture. This can also aid in improving how you work and what you can do. Being aware of what you are will also help prevent chaos between the patient and healthcare staffs. Being aware and mind sufficient will help one to open one’s eyes to see things in a different perspective such area where nutrition is at a high-risk. Researching the different cultural problems and identifying solutions will assist the writer to comprehend their way of life and lifestyles. High Risk Nutritional Practice There are many health care risks that we are unaware of. We need to research and figure out what we need to do. How do we prepare others in a high-risk nutrition situation? The healthcare physicians will continue to look forward to discuss the cultures that are identified and the solutions to their various problems. Chinese Heritage The Chinese heritage is a culture that is difficult to determine their health risk factors. One case the writer believes to be a high health risk among the Chinese heritage is smoking in the men and teenagers. Smoking has killed millions of people each year and yet these numbers are still rising. The second high risk factor known to the Chinese culture is drinking alcohol. Alcohol consumption has known...
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...How Did Stalin Reinforce His Dictatorship in the 1930’s? During the 1930’s, Stalin engaged in a range of measures to bolster his personal control of the USSR. This included purging Russia of anyone who he considered a threat or disloyal, building a personality cult and the introduction of a new constitution for the USSR in 1936. In 1934, the use of purges were employed after the murder, most probably instructed by Stalin himself, of the leader of the Leningrad Communist Party, Kirov. The murder of Sergei Kirov was announced as part of a terrorist conspiracy involving Trotsky and was then used to arrest Zinoviev, who was given 10 years in prison, and Kamenev who received a 15 year sentence. This lead to an outbreak of purges by which anybody suspected of disloyalty was murdered, sent to prison camps, or put on public show trials at which they pleaded guilty to crimes that were not humanly possible. In reality, Kirov was most likely murdered by Stalin due to his higher levels of popularity and the incident at the 1934 part congress where he was tipped as a future leader. Kirov was also a critic of collectivisation and disagreed with Stalin’s style. The Communist party was the political party most damaged by the effects of these purges. 20% of the party was purged, accused of being “trostskyies”, and were arrested, shot or sentenced to hard labour. Stalin enforced these purges with the use of the emergency decrees, which gave him extra powers to the NKPD to pursue traitors...
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...Comparative Writing What is a comparative writing? Comparative writing asks that you compare at least two (possibly more) items. These items will differ depending on the assignment. You might be asked to compare • positions on an issue (e.g., responses to healthcare in Canada and the United States) • theories (e.g., capitalism and communism) • figures (e.g., Auto production in the United States and Britain) • texts (e.g., Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Macbeth) • events (e.g., the Great Depression and the global financial crisis of 2008–9) Although the assignment may say “compare,” the assumption is that you will consider both the similarities and differences; in other words, you will compare and contrast. Make sure you know the basis for comparison The assignment sheet may say exactly what you need to compare, or it may ask you to come up with a basis for comparison yourself. • Provided by the question: The question may ask that you consider the gradual loss of morals by major characters in Yann Martel’s Life of Pi and George Orwell’s Animal Farm. The basis for comparison will be the loss of morals by central figures in each text. • Developed by you: The question may simply ask that you compare the two novels. If so, you will need to develop a basis for comparison, that is, a theme, concern, or device common to both works from which you can draw similarities and differences. Develop a list of similarities and differences Once you know your basis for comparison...
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...Introduction 2. Legal System of Kazakhstan 2.1. Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan 2.2. Constitutional Laws 2.3. Codes 2.4. Other Normative Acts 3. State Order in the Republic of Kazakhstan 3.1. Presidency 3.2. Parliament 3.3. Government 3.4. Constitutional Council 3.5. Judicial Authority 3.6. Local Public Administration and Self-Administration 1. Introduction The Republic of Kazakhstan is a transcontinental country located in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. The territory covers 2, 7 million square kilometers and country is ranked as the 9th largest territory in the world. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. The population is approximately 17 million people, including Kazakh, Russian, Uyghur, Ukrainian, Uzbek, and Tatar. Approximately 63% of the population consists of Kazakhs. The capital city was Almaty up until 1997, when it was changed to Astana. The official state language is Kazakh. In state institutions and local self-governing bodies, Russian language is used on equal grounds with the Kazakh language. According to the 2009 census, 70.2% of the population is Sunni Muslims, followed by 20.6% Orthodox Christians, 0.1% Buddhists, 0.2% others (mostly Jews), and 2.8% non-believers. The Kazakh khanate was formed in the 15th century and had 3 tribal divisions (juz). From the beginning of the 18th century Russian Empire begun...
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...Methodology for Assessing Competiveness of the Pharmacies in Kazan, Russia Azaliya Zaripova AUBG Fall 2013 I. Introduction The transition of a Russian command economy to a free market economy in 1991changed the structure of pharmacies. First of all, some pharmacies became private. Other firms were left under the state control and continued operating at a break-even level. Second, a rapid growth of the pharmaceutical industry in Russia and its availability for the imports from western and eastern companies intensified competition among many producers. Today, an increasing amount of pharmacies is the main reason of increased competition in the Russian pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, an assortment of products has expanded. In 1990s, the new non-traditional types of products became available for customers, such as dietary supplements and homeopathic remedies. A variety of products in pharmacies has increased three times due to an introduction of products-substitutes by different producers. In order to gain a substantial market share and make a profit, pharmacies’ managements invent new marketing and business strategies. (36i6, Medical Portal) To sustain competitive advantage in the industry, a pharmacy has to concentrate on high quality products, provide its customers with clear information about its products, and efficiently manage a sale system. The main reason of company’s inefficient operations is the lack of information about market values of the industry. High volumes of production...
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