... | | |Temperature of cool water in | | |the calorimeter prior to adding hot metal sample | | |(Ti(water)) | | |Maximum Temperature of | | |water/metal in calorimeter after mixing (Tf) | | | | | |LEAD METAL | | |Pre-weighed Lead metal |...
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...Title: Specific Heat of a Metal Purposes: Be able to measure specific heat. Be able to use a calorimeter correctly. Be able to find and measure the specific heat of a metal. Calculate the change in water temperature. Hypothesis: The specific heat of the metal sample (lead) will be very low. Safety: goggles, apron, hair restraints, Bunsen burner, heated water, harmful metals, breakable glass containers Materials: goggles and apron, beaker (250 mL or 400 mL) , hot plate/burner with ring stand, ring, and wire gauze, test tube(18 x 150 mm), plastic foam cup, thermometer, balance Procedure: 1. Put on goggles and apron. 2. Fill beaker half way with water. Put beaker on ring stand with wire gauze. Heat beaker with water to boiling point. 3. Fill test tube half way with metal 4. Put a weight boat on the balance. Pour metal from test tube into the weight boat. Record weight and pour metal back into test tube. 5. Put test tube of metal into the water. Leave inside the beaker of boiling water while completing step 6 and 7. 6. Use the foam cup as calorimeter. Measure mass and record. 7. Fill foam cup with room temperature water and record mass. 8. Put thermometer in test tube and record temperature. 9. Put thermometer inside the foam cup and record the temperature of the water. 10. Take test tube out of the boiling water and immediately pour inside the foam cup. 11. Stir the water and record highest temperature. 12. Pour water out,...
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...Specific Heat and Heat Capacity Worksheet 1 The temperature of 335 g of water changed from 24.5oC to 26.4oC. How much heat did this sample absorb? c for water = 4.18 J/goC (ans. 2.66 kJ)  2. How much heat in kilojoules has to be removed from 225g of water to lower its temperature from 25.0oC to 10.0oC? (ans. –14.1 kJ) 3. To bring 1.0kg of water from 25oC to 99oC takes how much heat input? (ans. 309 kJ) 4. An insulated cup contains 75.0g of water at 24.00oC. A 26.00g sample of metal at 82.25oC is added. The final temperature of the water and metal is 28.34oC. What is the specific heat of the metal? (ans 0.971 J/goC ) 5. A calorimeter has a heat capacity of 1265 J/oC. A reaction causes the temperature of the calorimeter to change from 22.34oC to 25.12oC. How many joules of heat were released in this process? (ans. 3.52 kJ released ) 6. What is the specific heat of silicon if it takes 192J to raise the temperature of 45.0g of Si by 6.0oC? (ans. 0.71 J/goC) 7. Aqueous silver ion reacts with aqueous chloride ion to yield a white precipitate of solid silver chloride. When 10.0 mL of 1.00M AgNO3 solution is added to 10.0mL of 1.00 M NaCl solution at 25oC in a calorimeter a white precipitate of AgCl forms and the temperature of the aqueous mixture increases to 32.6oC. Assuming that the specific heat of the aqueous mixture is 4.18 J/goC, that the density of the mixture is 1.00 g/mL, and that the calorimeter itself absorbs a negligible...
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...HEAT 4.1 UNDERSTANDING THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM 1. Define: The measure of the degree of hotness of an object. (a) Temperature Measured in SI unit Kelvin, K A hot object is at a higher temperature than a cold object. Form of energy, measured in Joules, J (b) Heat Heat is transferred from hotter object (higher temperature) to colder object (lower temperature) When an object is heated, it will absorb heat energy and the temperature will increase. When an object is cooled, it will release heat energy and the temperature will decrease. (c) Thermal Two objects are in thermal contact when heat energy contact can be transferred between them. (d)Heat transfer When two objects with different degrees of hotness come into thermal contact, heat energy is transferred between the two objects. (e) Mechanism of Thermal Equilibrium Energy is transferred at a faster rate from the hotter object to the colder object. Energy is also transferred from the colder object to the hotter one, but at a slower rate. There is a net flow of energy from the hotter object to the colder object. (f) Thermal When two objects are in thermal equilibrium, there is Equilibrium no net flow of heat between them. Two objects in thermal equilibrium have the same temperature 60 The hotter object cools down while the colder object warms up . After some time, energy is transferred at the same rate between the two objects. There is no net heat transfer between the objects. The two objects are said to be in thermal equilibrium...
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...SPARTAN HEAT EXCHANGERS INC. On June 10, Rick Coyne, materials manager at Spartan Heat Exchangers Inc. (Spartan), in Springfield, Missouri, received a call from Max Brisco, vice president of manufacturing: “What can materials department do to facilitate Spartan’s new business strategy? I’ll need your plan in next week.” SPARTAN HEAT EXCHANGERS Spartan was a leading designer and manufacturer of specialized industrial heat transfer equipment. Its customers operated in a number of industries such as steel, aluminium smelting, hydroelectricity generation, pulp and paper, refining, and petrochemical. The company’s primary products included transformer coolers, motor and generator coolers, air-cooled heat exchangers, and transformer oil coolers. Spartan’s combination of fin-tube and time-proven heat exchanger designs had gained wide recognition bot in North America and internationally. Sales revenues were $25 million and Spartan operated in a 125,000-square-foot plant. Spartan was owned by Krimmer Industries, a large privately held corporation with more than 10,000 employees worldwide, head-quartered in Denver. Rick Coyne summarized the business strategy of Spartan during the past ten years: “We were willing to do anything for every customer with respect to their heat transfer requirements. We were willing to do trial and error on the shop floor and provide a customer with his or her own unique heat transfer products.” He added, “Our design and manufacturing people derived greatest...
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...THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from a hotter to a colder region by one or more of the following methods conduction, convection and radiation. When heat is given to a body one or more of the following may happen (i) Increase in temperature (ii) Increase in length ( area, volume) (iii) Change in state of the body Solid Liquid Liquid Gas (iv) Change in chemical composition (v) Change in electrical properties (vi) Change in colour TEMPERATURE. Temperature is a measure of the Heat energy that a body contains or a measure of the Kinetic energy of the molecules of the material. By heating a material the kinetic energy of the molecules of the material also increase. The temperature also controls the direction of flow of Heat Energy. Heat Energy always flows from a higher temperature to a lower temperature. S.I. Unit of temperature is Kelvin. The Kelvin scale and the kelvin are named after the Scottish physicist and engineer William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin (1824–1907). Unlike the degree Fahrenheit and degree Celsius, the kelvin is not referred to as a "degree" it is written K. The Kelvin and the degree Celsius are often used together, as they have the same interval, and 0 Kelvin is -273.15 degrees Celsius. Thermometer. A thermometer is an instrument for measuring temperature. To calibrate a thermometer two temperature called FIXED POINTS are chosen...
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...Running Head: NEWBORN ASSESSMENT AND CARE PLAN Newborn Assessment and Care Plan Newborn Assessment On 1/29/09, at 0610, 39 week gestational age, 7lb 4.6oz, black male was born to 18 year old mother. Infant born via vaginal delivery with assistance of vacuum extraction, nuchal cord x1 noted. Mother received adequate prenatal care beginning at 8weeks. Prenatal medications included Iron supplements and prenatal vitamins. Prenatal complication included pregnancy induced hypertension. Onset of labor 0647, full dilation 1705, and delivery of infant at 1810. Apgar scores 6/8.Weight 3305gms, length 20 inches, head circumference 12 inches, chest circumference 12 ¾ inches, abdominal girth 12 inches. The infant is alert and active. Anterior fontanel is soft and flat. No oral lesions. Head caput/ molding, elongated with edema, abrasion noted from suction. Color is pink and changing all over (African American.) Skin is warm, dry, and well perfused. No rashes, vesicles, or other lesions noted. Birthmark present on forehead approximately 2cm. Bilirubin test ordered. Lanugo present. Hair pattern is scattered evenly all over, fine texture and moderate amount. Eyes symmetrical and in midline. No discharge present from eyes. Eyes move from left to right and sclera is white. Eyebrows are fine and symmetrical. Nose is patent and midline. Ears present symmetrically. Mouth midline. Gums and tongue pink and moist. Cheeks symmetrical with no lesions. Saliva present. Chin well aligned on face...
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...Heat, Temperature and the Kinetic Theory of Matter The Kinetic Theory explains the differences between the three states of matter. It states that all matter is made up of moving particles which are molecules or atoms. In solids, the particles are so tightly bound to each another that they can only vibrate but not move to another location. We also known there are different phases of matter the three are highlighted in are text, they are solids, liquids and gases. In liquids, the particles have enough free space to move about, but they still attract one another. In gases, the particles are far apart and can move about freely since there is much free space. Solids change into liquids, and liquids into gases, when the particles gain more kinetic energy, like when being heated and are able to move apart from one another. When the molecules vibrate more quickly upon heating, some of it escapes from the matter heat, measurement of energy that is transferred from one body to another as the result of a difference in temperature. If two bodies at different temperatures are brought together, energy is transferred—i.e., heat flows—from the hotter body to the colder. The effect of this transfer of energy usually, but not always, is an increase in the temperature of the colder body and a decrease in the temperature of the hotter body. A substance may absorb heat without an increase in temperature by changing from one physical state (or phase) to another, as from a solid to a liquid (melting)...
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...Abstract The researchers’ experiment aimed to determine what material would stay and remain the same with the most heat after being heated and cooled. In this way, one could see how climate in different countries and places are being affected with the materials around them. In this experiment, the materials that were used were water, salt, oil, 2 thermometers, containers, lamp/flashlight and a stopwatch. All these materials were arranged in a way that light from the lamp could be directly reach the 2 containers; this point was where the temperature of each was being recorded with the time allotted. In order to come up with a good result, the temperature was being checked after every five minutes and placed into data. The procedure was done three times for every material for the three trials. After testing, the oil absorbed a lot of heat, the water absorbed a little heat but kept it in while the soil did not absorbed much heat but when after, it was released easily. This experiment was to show how heat was being absorbed and released by different materials around. In this manner, one could associate it with the climate; how the materials surrounding the place can affect the climate and the specific materials that would greatly affect the climate in one place. CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Introduction Climate change is a lasting and significant change in the distribution of weather patterns over a period of time that may be ranging from decades to even millions...
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...Electronic circuits Gold is a very good conductor of electricity. It is able to absorb heat and does not tarnish in air. It can be worked into extremely thin sheets or fine wires. It has a high melting point (1063°C), which makes it perfect for electronic circuits since it can conduct electricity, absorb heat (which prevents overheating, which can potentially damage the wires). Since gold is malleable, it can easily be made into fine wires hence making it suitable for electronic circuits. c. shields in spacecraft Though gold is expensive, Gold does not rust or tarnish in air the way copper or silver do, and as such, requires less care and maintenance. Gold is an excellent conductor while resisting corrosion and the build-up of static electricity. Furthermore, it has the ability to reflect infrared radiation and helps stabilize the temperature of a spacecraft, which is highly essential. Without this coating, dark coloured parts of the spacecraft would absorb significant amounts of heat, which can be very dangerous. Until a new, cheaper and suitable alternative is found, Gold is utmost essential in spacecraft shields. Classify each of the following substances as metallic, ionic, covalent molecular or covalent network. Give your reason to support your...
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...This approach has evolved over the years because of its low-cost and also it normally results in reduced noise inside the house. However, there is no difference between a split-system and a window air conditioner other than the fact that the hot and cold sides are split apart and the capacity is higher, making the coils and compressor larger which eventually makes the selection of a split system unit a better decision. When dealing with large buildings such as warehouses, large business offices, malls, big department stores and other sizeable buildings, the condensing unit normally lives on the roof and can be quite massive. Otherwise, there may be many smaller units on the roof, each attached inside to a small air handler that cools a specific zone in the building. Although standard air conditioners are very popular, they can use a lot of energy and generate quite...
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...1. Spartan Heat Exchanger currently manufactures specialized industrial heat exchangers. The new business strategies for Spartan are emphasized on reducing product variety and standardize the product line. There are various implications associated with this strategy; firstly, Spartan’s current product line is based on job shop manufacturing operation where individual parts are produced in several departments and finally assembled in assembly area. Secondly, Spartan has multiple vendors for raw material supply and the materials department is using approximately 350 vendors. Thirdly, in the existing strategy, Spartan is using unique skilled workers. Finally, poor inventory management which reflects Spartan manufacturing operations are facing material shortage and stock outs. In order to opt for new strategy, Spartan has to make many changes and this process will certainly require time and efforts. For example, Spartan has to shift the manufacturing from batch process to assembly process. This will eventually require process reengineering; the reengineering will modify the existing department structure of manufacturing process. On the other side, Spartan has to reduce the number of suppliers; selection of the suppliers would be tedious task. In the assembly line manufacturing, Spartan will need skilled employees and hence, spend on the training on existing employees. Finally, the Spartan will have to improve their inventory management in order to avoid stock out...
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...shells relate to potential energy? a. Electrons are charged subatomic particles and have various degrees of potential energy, with electrons closest to the positive nucleus having the lowest energy and the electrons farthest away having the highest energy. Electron shells are the layers of electrons at certain distances from the nucleus. The greater number of electron shells the greater the potential energy of the electrons in that shell. 6. How do electron shells relate to biology? a. Electron shells are important to biology as the configuration of the atom’s shells directly relate to the chemical behavior of said atom. For example, the noble gases all have their valence electron shell completed and not feel attraction to other atoms. This leads to the noble gases typically not forming compounds and being extremely stable...
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...Element: Lead Symbol: Pb Latin Name: Plumbum Atomic Number: 82 Group: 14 Period: 6 Electronic Configuration: * 1s2 2s2p6 3s2p6d10 4s2p6d10f14 5s2p6d10 6s2p2 Electrons per Energy Level: 2,8,18,32,18,4 Shell model: Properties Of Lead (Pb) Chemical Properties of Lead * Electrochemical Equivalent: 3.865g/amp-hr * Electron Work Function: 4.25eV * Electronegativity: 2.33 (Pauling); 1.55 (Allrod Rochow) * Heat of Fusion: 4.799kJ/mol * Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizers, hydrogen peroxide, acids * Ionization Potential * First: 7.416 * Second: 15.028 * Third: 31.943 * Valence Electron Potential (-eV): 24.2 Physical Properties of Lead * Atomic Mass Average: 207.2 * Boiling Point: 2013K 1740°C 3164°F * Coefficient of lineal thermal expansion/K-1: 29.1E-6 * Conductivity Electrical: 0.0481 106/cm Ω Thermal: 0.353 W/cmK * Density: 11.35g/cc @ 300K * Description: A very soft bluish-white metal that tarnishes in moist air. * Elastic Modulus: * Bulk: 46/GPa * Rigidity: 5.6/GPa * Youngs: 16/GPa * Enthalpy of Atomization: 194.6 kJ/mole @ 25°C * Enthalpy of Fusion: 4.77 kJ/mole * Enthalpy of Vaporization: 179.4 kJ/mole * Flammablity Class: Non-combustible solid (except as dust) * Freezing Point: see melting point * Hardness Scale * Brinell: 38.3 MN m-2 * Mohs: 1.5 * Heat of Vaporization: 177.7kJ/mol * Melting Point: 600.75K 327.6°C 621...
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...Malfunctions of Homeostasis – The endocrine and nervous system work together to maintain homeostatic control in the body and communicate to regulate the body’s functions. They rely on chemical messages in order to function – the nervous system uses electrical impulses and the endocrine system uses hormones. They rely on the hypothalamus to coordinate these bodily functions. The endocrine system - Regulates any fluctuations in the body such as temperature levels, blood glucose levels and ADH levels. It uses glands and hormones to send chemical messages (containing information or instructions) to other parts of the body via the blood stream. The nervous system – Sends messages throughout the body that help to ensure that the bodily functions occur at an optimum level. Neurons are a part of the nervous system and these are located in the brain; with the function of sending electrical messages to other parts of the body through the spinal cord. The controlling of the body’s temperature is the most important homeostatic function. Organisms that are able to control their body temperature are called endotherms; whilst those that cannot are called ectotherms. Organisms that have no control over their body temperature and are the same temperature as their environment are called polkiotherms e.g jellyfish. Endotherms maintain a body temperature of 37 degrees and are known as warm-blooded animals. The main difference between ectotherms and endotherms is that endotherms use...
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