... Dr. Nancy Furlong A current question that has been frequently asked is whether eyewitness reports provided by children during a court case are reliable. Children's memory capacity, their susceptibility to suggestion, and the delay between a crime and providing an eyewitness statement are some factors that can influence the reliability of these reports. Eyewitness reports provided by children can be reliable if given within a reasonable time frame, and that the presented questions are not suggestive. Also, that the eyewitness reports are provided by older children (9 to 12 years old), their reports tend to be more reliable than those of younger children (5 to 8 years old). Taking these factors into account in future court cases with children as eyewitnesses will ensure the best possible reliability in children's statements. The number of children as eyewitnesses is ever-growing and therefore child eyewitnesses are more involved in the field of legal testimony (Flin, Boon, Knox, & Bull, 1992). Due to this greater involvement, it is frequently questioned whether children are able to serve as credible eyewitnesses during a court case, especially in cases where the sole eyewitnesses to an offense are children (Flin et al., 1992). There can be several factors that might influence the reliability of children's eyewitness reports. Firstly, children of all ages have the capability to give accurate reports when they are asked to freely recall...
Words: 2175 - Pages: 9
...The Reliability of Eyewitness Testimony SCI 110 Introduction to Physical Science Professor Pages 6 Abstract: Eyewitness testimony and its credibility has always been a staple of controversy in court cases. Let's take a minute to think back the last time you were in a local retail store. Now ask yourself, are you able to describe the person who was ahead of you in the line? How many details can you really remember about that person? Now how accurate do you think that your description was? Today we are going to investigate just how accurate people's observations are in everyday life. Objective: The purpose of this project today is to determine whether eyewitness account credible and reliable enough to be used as evidence in criminal investigations. We are going to do this by determining witness recollection, gender of suspect, distance away from suspect and date and time affect the accuracy of witness accounts. . Introduction: Eyewitness accounts are always under scrutiny whether in the courtroom, by police and even scientists. In most eyewitness identification the processes typically involve selecting an alleged perpetrator from a police lineup or sketches. After selecting a suspect a formal statement is using made confirming the identification of the subject. Usually the times in which you are asked to give a statement range anywhere from a day to a few days later. Within this time frame ,ask yourself how accurately are you able to recollect...
Words: 1173 - Pages: 5
...false eye witness accounts comes into play. On a warm June night in 1984, Jennifer Thompson woke up to find a man in her room and was then forcefully raped by him. Throughout the incident, Jennifer continued to analyze the man raping her in hopes of guaranteeing he was brought to justice. She looked at his facial features and clothing and body type. When it came time to chose someone out of the lineup, she was 100% sure that she had chosen the correct perpetrator- Ronald Cotton. After Ronald is convicted and sent to jail, Jennifer begins to rebuild her life while Ronald’s life begins to fall apart. The story then switches to the point of view of Ronald, who explains his side of the story and emphasizes his innocence. It was not until DNA testing came around that Ronald was able to truly prove his innocence. The overlaying theme of this story is that Jennifer’s eyewitness account was so strong that a jury believed, without a doubt, that Ronald Cotton was the man responsible for the rape of Jennifer Thompson. This certainty was quickly dispelled by DNA testing and brings about the problem of misconceptions. Jennifer thoroughly believed that Ronald was her rapist and this proves how easily it is for people to misidentify features of different races. It also helps to disprove eye witness accounts (Thompson-Cannino & Cotton, 2009, p.1-287). Keywords: rape, conviction, innocence, misidentification The People Behind Picking Cotton Each day something will come about that...
Words: 1283 - Pages: 6
...Eyewitness testimony is largely affected by the way an interviewer asks questions. This type of evidence is often the most important and therefore, must be retrieved correctly. Courts are skeptical of evidence achieved entirely from eyewitness testimony which makes it extremely important to get truthful and corroborated evidence. It is very easy for an interviewer to put false information into the minds of the interviewees which could in fact incarcerate the wrong person. Receiving eyewitness testimony must be done in a proper way to ensure the information of a particular event is correct. Proper Questions Interviewers must ask questions in a proper manner to ensure there are no bias answers. If questions are asked incorrectly, a person may give perceive changed memories....
Words: 662 - Pages: 3
...many different reasons why the reliability of eyewitness testimony in the United States judicial system today is all but flawed. There is only one way a witness can identify a suspect who has committed a crime, and it is called face to face recognition. Just getting a glimpse, bad weather, and bad lighting can hinder what a person can truly see. There have been several accounts of individuals that have been convicted, imprisoned, and put to death off of flawed testimonies by an eyewitness. In this I will attempt to show you my discussions of several statistics, convictions, exonerations, and key cases that will test the views of anyone when eyewitness testimonies are concerned. Within the past 30 years crimes were committed, and the people who witness these crimes made the cases have different outcomes. It used to be when a crime was committed, and someone came forward saying, “They have witnessed a crime”. History shows us when it comes to a traumatic experience dealing with crimes; the victims are different and as such react in many different ways. Most individuals panic, some are very calm, while others have no reaction whatsoever. The question has been raised about how reliable an eyewitness testimony truly is. Those who follow crime and courts trials know the stories are familiar and unnerving. Here is one case Cornelius Dupree spent 30 years Texas prison due to a 1979 rape and robbery he did not commit, because of one eyewitness. Cornelius was freed in 2011 through new DNA...
Words: 1278 - Pages: 6
...**Eyewitness memory refers to a witness’s ability to accurately reflect and provide evidence for a crime, in order to aid both the police and investigators in identifying a culprit (Wells et al., 1998; Thorley, 2013). Eyewitnesses are important since they provide unique insights by adding their personal recall of these past experiences. Since, these individuals witnessed the crime first hand they are considered to be suitable candidates to provide accurate and detailed descriptions of the perpetrator. It is imperative that the information provided is correct in order to identify the culprit. Otherwise, an innocent individual could be wrongly prosecuted. Now considering that an eyewitness is providing evidence based on their personal experiences,...
Words: 1577 - Pages: 7
...STUDY GUIDE FOR FIRST QUIZ The quiz will be given in sections on Friday, April 19th. You will need to purchase a Scantron form at the University Bookstore (50¢) and bring a No. 2 pencil & your student ID. There will be a penalty if you do not bring a Scantron form and a pencil. The test will consist of 25-30 multiple choice items and will cover lecture through April 18. Some items will focus on recall of concepts and definitions, while others will tell you a brief story or describe a scenario and then ask you to identify properly an idea or concept within it. All of the materials on the test are mentioned in one way or another on this study guide. If it’s not in the study guide, it will not be on the test. BE ABLE TO DEFINE AND RECOGNIZE EXAMPLES OF THESE TERMS: Source Message Channel Receiver Feedback Encoding Decoding “Multicoders” Verbal codes Nonverbal codes Noise Selective exposure Selective attention Selective perception Selective retention (memory) Denotative meaning Connotative meaning Symbol Referent Semiosis Sapir-Whorf hypothesis mneumonics as memory aids “Wysiati” Linguistic determinism Fallible memory Transactive memory Transactive encoding Transactive retrieval Contested memory System 1 vs. System 2 Semantic differential Halo effect Priming Framing Language Paraphrasing Dating (language) Indexing (language) BE ABLE TO RESPOND TO THE FOLLOWING ITEMS: 1. According to the opening lecture, what is main thing...
Words: 690 - Pages: 3
...MEMORANDUM TO: FROM: RE: Keith Roberts case- PTSD and Fraudulent Disability Claims DATE: Question Presented Is eyewitness testimony able to provide evidence beyond a reasonable doubt of intent to defraud the Government through a diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) even though essentially it is one mans word against another’s? Short Answer Yes. Evidence from the accident report of the incident in question and interviews with the people recorded to be present in the accident report show that the defendant made false claims to receive compensation benefits. Statement of Facts In February 1994, Mr. Keith Roberts filed his first request for compensation benefits resultant of a diagnosis of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which stemmed from an incident that occurred while he served on active duty status. In order to qualify for compensation benefits as a disabled veteran three things must be provided and they are listed as follows: 1. Official Diagnosis of PTSD 2. Credible evidence that sufficiently traumatic event occurred during active military service (in service stressor) 3. Evidence that the in service stressor caused the PTSD. See 38 C.F.R § 3.304(f). Mr. Roberts failed to provide all three documents in a timely manner, so the VA denied his claim. He failed to submit evidence of being diagnosed with PTSD and also to identify his in service stressor. In December 1994 he resubmitted the claim with a detailed...
Words: 2072 - Pages: 9
...Short paper #4 1.) I believe there is only a certain degree of accuracy in eyewitness testimony. According to the Innocence project & eyewitness identification, the single greatest cause of wrongful convictions nationwide is eyewitness misidentification. There were over 70% of convictions overturned through DNA testing. There are so many ways to give unintentional suggestion to false identification, for example, verbal and non-verbal cues, relative judgments, feedback and lineup composition. According to research conducted by Wells, people who were given with positive feedback would have two times higher confidence to pick a suspect when none of the actual suspects were actually in the line-up photo (Wells 2006). 2.) Memory is constructive...
Words: 380 - Pages: 2
...Picking Cotton In the past decade, eyewitness testimonies have cast a shadow on what is wrong with the justice system in today’s society. Before we had the advanced technology, we have today, eyewitness testimonies were solid cold-hard facts when it came to proving the defendant was guilty. However, time has changed and eyewitness testimonies have proven to be the leading causes of wrongful convictions due to misidentification. The Thompson and Cotton case is a perfect example of how eyewitness testimonies can put an innocent man behind bars. Jennifer Thompson was your average young independent adult trying to earn a degree at Elon College in Burlington, North Carolina. She had a boyfriend, Paul, who commuted from Burlington to Chapel Hill, where he was a first year business student at University of North Carolina. Only being twenty-two years, she had her life ahead of her until one late July night in 1984. Jennifer Thompson was sleeping alone in her apartment, when she suddenly woke up by a strange noise that turned out to be a stranger breaking into her apartment. The intruder held her a knife to her throat and proceeded to rape her. With no chance of escaping the attacker, she did the only thing she thought she could do and that was to analyze the intruder’s physical characteristics and facial features to her best ability so authorities could catch the perpetrator. Jennifer outwits the attacker and lives to tell about the night she can never forget. When Jennifer was able...
Words: 1659 - Pages: 7
...hear a man with such an influential story. Lee Strobel talks about his journey through life by starting off at the beginning as an atheist and how he looked upon the Bible and God. Lee Strobel as an atheist lived the life of selfishness and searched to please only himself because that was the only life he thought there was. Lee Strobel’s wife became a Christian. At first this scared him but being curious about Christianity and wanting to relate with his wife he decided to look into the belief/religion. Lee Strobel began to study the word of God and as he did Christianity really started to grasp his attention. Lee Strobel came up with the four “E’s” in his research, the four “E’s” are what put the puzzle pieces together for Strobel. The four “E’s” were execution, early, eyewitness, and empty. Each one of the “E’s” stood for facts and evidence proving what the Bible says is correct. The first “E” stood for the execution of Christ on the cross, the second “E” was early facts showing that Jesus arose, the third “E” was the many eyewitness reports about Jesus, and the last “E” was empty which stood for Jesus’s tomb that he was buried in was empty. Lee Strobel eventually became so amazed by God he became a believer of faith. Not only did becoming a Christian help him become one with Christ but it also helped fix rough patches in his marriage and within himself. Lee Strobel’s story reached out and touched many in that chapel. Strobel’s story showed everyone that any change is possible...
Words: 408 - Pages: 2
...understand it, it must be looked at through many different perspectives. As it is not always clear as to what is the truth and what is left off the page. The truthful analysis of history is vital to our success as human beings and to society as a whole. Science and future technology depends on history to look back on as evidence and to help point humanity in the right direction. Whether it is looking at deadly diseases and trying to fight cancers, or fixing our nation and the problems that lie beneath our roots. We must understand history in order to better understand which is the best path to take as we move into our future. “Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.” Historians should acknowledge both future and eyewitness...
Words: 1973 - Pages: 8
...Eyewitness Memory in Accuracy on Recall of 2nd Year Students of Daughters of Mary Immaculate School (DMI) Beginning from the conception until our present condition, we possess a certain characteristics which can only be found in ourselves. It is a unique way to see that everyone can speak in different way and act in different manner. We perceive different things in accordance with what our sensation sense. We can see, hear, smell, taste, and feel a stimulus and tend to bring that information in the brain for our own interpretation. After reaching it to the brain, the person produces reactions whether it is acceptable or not on particular setting. If it is unanimously acceptable to all, it doesn’t mean that we all have the same way of thinking or in a state of group mind. Every individual can still showcase another different facial expression after they come up to a decision. This is why individual differences are obviously seen to all individual. One of the basic parts of the body that can be the medium for accepting information towards our environment are eyes. It plays a vital role in encoding all perceived stimuli to our brain. From the part of the retina which is rods and cones, the information is relay to the ganglion cells and transmitted to the optic nerve until it reached to the occipital lobe. This is one part of the brain that responsible for the process of visual information. Stimulus that reached to the brain can either be remembered or not. Memory has the ability...
Words: 7064 - Pages: 29
...In the United States alone, there are over 5,000 reported sightings of Bigfoot to the Bigfoot Field Researchers Organization (BFRO); over seventy of those sightings have occurred in Minnesota (BFRO, 1995). Sasquatch has been a feature in many cultures’ folklore throughout history, having a variety of different names and mannerisms, but the physical descriptions of the cryptid are all the same -- large, brown, hairy, and smelly beasts. While many may believe that these eyewitness accounts and stories have been pranks or hoaxes, advancements in modern technology has allowed believers to become closer than ever to proving those skeptics wrong. The most famous form of Bigfoot evidence is footprint casts, as their large size was what coined the name Bigfoot in the first place, yet many skeptics will say that the prints hadn’t been made by sasquatch, but pranksters. DNA is number one form of evidence that all Bigfoot researchers and believers are hoping for, as it’s the one form of evidence that cannot be denied. So sasquatch hunters go into the woods with the goal to come home with a sample of hair or blood, and hope to capture photographs of the beast itself. Researchers will soon be able to prove that the quality, and quantity, of sasquatch...
Words: 1947 - Pages: 8
...By April 26, 1915 The New York Times published what was one of the first newspaper reports on the Kurdish attacks with the title “Kurds Massacre More Armenians”. The report claims, “The massacre of Armenians by Mohammedans [Muslims] is being continued on a greater scale. … All the inhabitants of ten villages near Van, in Armenia, Asiatic Turkey, have been put to death.” This information was offered to President Wilson by the head of the Armenian Church Etchmiadzin, who happened to be an eyewitness. The article continues to depict sites only comparable to “pools of blood” . This valuable primary source is a piece of evidence that contrasts directly with the Turkish denial published six months later. On 15 October 1915, The New York Times released an article titled “Turkish Official Denies Atrocities” . The article states that “the atrocities were officially sanctioned from Constantinople” and that “the situation was one involving an attempt to wipe out an entire race” . The article also includes Djelal Bey’s reply to the charges made by the Armenian Atrocities...
Words: 1136 - Pages: 5