...Organizational Development Introduction Organizational development can be defined as “a set of behavioral science-based theories, values, strategies, and technologies aimed at planned change of the organizational work setting for the purpose of enhancing individual development and improving organizational performance, through the alteration of organizational members' on-the-job behaviors" (Porras & Robertson, 1992). In our text Jex, Britt, 2008 stated that one of the most common motivating factors behind organizational-development programs can best be described as survival. This paper will examine the process of organizational development, the theories associated with organizational development. I will also go over the conditions that are necessary for organizations to have successful change and development. Process of Organizational Development The process of organizational development is a systematic, integrated, and planned approach to improving the effectiveness of a company” (Jex, Britt, 2008).Organizational development has certain phases that it goes through in order for organization to become successful. In theses phases the organizations focuses on organizational change that will help the company and t employees with their performance and individual development. The process for OD is done through assessments, interventions, implementing and gathering data. The organization utilizes all the information to measure the progress that the company has made and also...
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...we create new knowledge and improve ourselves. Brown and Duguid describe organizational learning is the bridge between working and innovating. Organizational Learning is a process to enable organizations to better use the knowledge of their members to make business decisions. In a conventional organization, decisions are often based on management perspective without taking into account the other members of the organization. A business using Organizational Learning recognizes the value added by including all of its members in the decision making process. A Learning Organization recognizes that a business consists of people and it takes a commitment from all in the organization to best obtain the organization’s goals. Through Organizational Learning an organization gains knowledge and develops skills to empower its members to work as a cohesive team. The following table saws some of the key differences between a Conventional Organization and a Learning Organization. Conventional Organization | Learning Organization | Locked into management’s views of methods and goals. | Flexible and open to new ideas. | Makes decisions based on what currently best fits the organizational structure. | 1. Willing to disregard the status quo in favor of innovation. 2. Management encourages all members to continuously rethink what they do, how they do it, and how they might do it better | Adapts and/or reacts to change. | Anticipates the future and strives to create services and products before...
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...OrganizationaL Development Considerable changes occurs when an organization make compensation for errors within its overall strategy for achievements or make any modification to its existing operations. The purpose of this paper is to study the broad principles of organizational development, explain the process of organizational development, identify the theories associated with organizational development and describe the conditions necessary for successful organizational change and development. “Organizational development is a set of behavioral science–based theories, values, strategies, and technologies aimed at planned change of the organizational work setting for the purpose of enhancing individual development and improving organizational performance, through the alteration of organizational members’ on-the-job behaviors’’ (Porras & Robertson, 1992). Process of Organizational Development Organizational development is a process by which organizations use the theories and technology of the behavioral sciences to facilitate changes that enhance their effectiveness (Jex & Britt, 2008). According to an article found in The Resource Behind Human Resources website, the OD Process is based on the action research model that begins with an identified problem or need for change. The process proceeds through assessment, planning of an intervention, implementing the intervention, gathering data to evaluate the intervention, and determining if satisfactory progress has been made...
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...Workplace Performance & Commitment: Job Satisfaction, Stress, and Motivation AMBA 620 Professor Shandler Abstract In recent years, experts from psychological sciences and business have noticed changes in the employee-employer relationship over the last decades specifically in regards to workplace performance and organizational commitment. While most agree that the issue deserves attention, consensus dissolves around how to respond to the problem. This paper examines how job satisfaction, stress, and motivation can impact workplace performance and commitment in the workplace. The focus of this paper will revolve around the Medical Billing industry and how one organization has chosen to address the changes surrounding workplace performance and organizational commitment. Workplace Performance & Commitment: Job Satisfaction, Stress, and Motivation Introduction This paper is an examination of how job satisfaction, stress, and motivation are directly related to workplace performance and commitment. The main points to be discussed revolve around the importance of an employee’s job satisfaction, the stresses surrounding the employee, and the employee’s motivations or lack thereof and its impact on the organization’s overall success. Context/Situation While in college I was employed, part-time, as a medical biller during summer and winter breaks for three years and for one full year after graduation. Throughout my time with the organization I was the lone male...
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...Approaches to Management and Leadership 3 1.1 Comparison of Effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations 3 1.1.1 Autocratic Leadership Style 3 1.1.2 Democratic or Participative Leadership Style 4 1.1.3 Free Rein Leadership Style 4 Table: 1 5 1. 2 The Best Suited Leadership Style in this Scenario 5 1. 3. How Organisational Theory Supports the Practice of Management 5 1.3.1 Classical Theory 5 1.3.2 Neoclassical Theory 6 1.3.3 Contemporary Theory 6 1.4. An Evaluation of Different Approaches to Management Used by Different Organizations 6 1.5. Organisations that Adopt Different Approaches of Management 8 2. Understanding of the Ways of Using Motivational Theories in Organisations 8 2.1 The Impact of Different Leadership Style on Motivation in the Periods of Organizational Change 8 2.2 An Effective Leadership Style Can Help to Achieve Organisational Objectives 8 2.3 Comparison of the Application of Different Motivational Theories within the Workplace 9 2.4 ‘Motivation can Increase Employee’s Performance’- A Justification with Argument 9 2.5 The Usefulness of a Motivation Theory for Managers 9 3. Understanding of the Mechanisms for Developing Effective Teamwork in Organisations 10 3.1 The Nature of Groups and Group Behaviour Within Organisations 10 3.2 An Analysis of the Activities Performed by Different Types of Groups 10 3.3 The Factors that may Promote or Inhibit the Development of Effective Teamwork in Organisations 10 ...
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...1 of 17 Organizational Strategy: High Performance Organization vs. Learning Organizations? Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1839985 2 of 17 Introduction The High Performance Organization and the Learning Organizations are two concepts that have been studied extensively in the organizational change and improvement literature. This paper will compare and contrast these two perspectives on organizational effectiveness. These paradigms then will be related to a real organization with consideration given to practical approaches at improving effectiveness drawn from these paradigms. Survey of High Performance Organization A recent global study defines high performance organizations as ones where the following conditions hold: “people are valued, critical thinking is optimized, and opportunities are seized”(Annunzio, S. pg 3, 2004). The most common characteristics of high performance organizations are the following: “Flatter, horizontal structure instead of vertical hierarchy, work done by teams organized around processes; teams empowered to make decisions so management is decentralized and participative, empowered workers with high skill levels and cross-training; rewards for team performance, collaboration among teams, between labor and management, with supplier, focus on customers, quality, and continuous improvement, and flexible technologies (Kerka, S., 1995). Another study entitled “The High Performance organization: An Assessment of Virtues and Values”...
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...Learning Theories Learning Organizations & Effectiveness (OMM 625) Tyron Woodard February 27, 2012 Learning Theories The two articles I selected speaks about learning in a classroom setting (group discussions) and learning as an individual and collective learning in organizations. The first article speaks about knowledge being uncertain, and that the learning process of knowledge is also the construction process of knowledge. This article describes students as the main body of learning activity and they construct knowledge on their own initiatives, while teachers are the helpers and the drivers for students constructing knowledge. This type of theory is the constructivism learning theory which is the further development as behaviorism arrives at cognitivism. In behaviorism learning could be considered to have occurred if there is an objectively verifiable change. The article speaks about how students enter the classroom with previous learning experiences, and they use those experiences in their daily life. Even though the students enter the classroom with their previous experiences, they seem to form and assume based on their previous experiences. However, the article speaks on how teachers should be the designer of teaching environment, the guider for the students learning and the academic consultant for students. Therefore this new teaching mode takes students as the center, under the guidance of teachers. Therefore, teaching should take students previous...
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... Elements of Organizational Culture Dolores Licerio Webster University Mr. William Sweetnam Executive Summary This report gives a brief overview of the importance of Human Resource Management in an organization and further elaborates on what an organizational culture is, its roles and functions as well as the intensity of impact it has over the working of the organization. It discusses the impact change has over employees in terms of stress and how managers can assist in countering it. It further discusses the leadership skills and styles that managers should possess and adopt in order ensure that the organization moves effectively and efficiently fulfills its organizational benchmarks and achieves its goals. Table of Content Executive Summary i Introduction 1 Organizational Culture & Change 2 Role of Organizational Culture 3 Functions of Organizational Culture 5 Organizational Change & its Characteristics 7 Consequences of stress for the organization 8 Techniques for control of Work Stress 3 Managerial Effectiveness 10 Approach from the standpoint of personal qualities 11 Situational Theory 12 Situational approaches to effective leadership 12 The Situational leadership model of Fiedler 12 Contingency Theory 15 Origins and essence of Contingency Theory 15 Variables and Assumptions of the Contingency Theory 16 The role of Human Resources in the Contingency Theory 16 Adoption...
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...Theoretical Models HCS/587 Theoretical Model | Description of Theoretical Model | Type of Health Care Change Situation Where Model Best Applies | 1. Kurt Lewin’s field theory model 2. Lippitt’s change theory model | Kurt Lewin’s field theory model has three stages of change: * Unfreezing * Change or Moving * Refreezing The unfreezing stage requires altering the patterns of employee behavior. The employee adaptive behavior must align with the organizational goals and vision. The lack of alteration in behavior changes can result in employees’ resistance during the implementation process. The management should communicate effectively with the staff explaining the need for change. The management should encourage the staff to submit their ideas and be a part of the change process. The change stage refers to the introduction of new organizational policies and procedures. The management should ensure that the affected staff fully understands the reasoning behind the changes and offer support for adapting the new organizational business culture. It is imperative that management includes the staff in the development of new policies and designing the new procedures. The refreezing stage requires reevaluation of the implemented procedures in which the management evaluates the efficacy of the implemented changes and makes adjustments to meet organizational goals (Borkowski, 2005). The management should seek feedback from the staff and fine tune the procedures to...
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...Course Name: Managing Organizational Change Course Number: 44252 Instructor: Dr. Mahdieh Mahdavinia E-mail: mmahdavinia@alumni.utoronto.ca Semester: Fall term, 1389-1390 Class Time: Wednesdays: 8:30 am – 12:30 pm Room: 4 Meeting Hours: Before the class by appointment COURSE OBJECTIVES This course makes an enquiry into the field of organization change. Identifying the need for change, framing the problems/issues, influencing the choice of what to do, and implementing the changes with minimal negative reaction are key managerial skills, especially in these increasingly turbulent times. The course will provide: - An overview of change management processes and types of changes - A knowledge of the drivers of change - Models of improving and rebuilding organizations - A variety of factors which affect successful change management - Some live stories of organizational change efforts - An opportunity for the students to frame their own orientation to change management COURSE REQUIREMENTS The course grade will be based on: Group Assignment (30%) Individual Assignments (20%) Final Exam: Case + Test (40%) Participation (10%) Group Assignment A. Analyze and present the case study of organizational change that is assigned to your group. This assignment is intended to provide an opportunity to analyze an actual change process through a systematic and concrete application of the theories you have learned so far...
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...discouraged, tense, unproductive, or begin looking for other jobs, regardless of the reasoning behind the downsizing. Therefore, emphasis on motivating employees before, during and after the process is of utmost importance. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the various motivational methods applied in the downsizing process and the various concepts that support the points addressed by these methods. Motivational Methods Motivating employees is a process requiring a combination of techniques to warrant the maximum number of employees feels motivated and satisfied by their work. One of the biggest challenges to motivating employees is each is different, which is why using a combination of motivational methods and concepts is most beneficial. It is up to the department manager to determine which motivational methods will be the most effective with their present staff. It is important to note, that motivational methods will be used to help prepare staff for the upcoming downsizing, which has not yet occurred. When staff knows cut backs are about to happen, management may find it difficult to motivate them. By using different motivational methods, managers can make an effort to continue motivating employees despite the approaching. Management should consider the following three motivational methods: Herzberg’s two-factor theory, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, and Adam’s equity theory. These...
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...Running Header: The CEO and Organizational Culture Profile 1 Week 8 Assignment 2: Integrating Culture and Diversity in Decision Making Michael Haidar Strayer University Professor Ronald Jones BUS 520 Leadership and Organizational Behavior November 30, 2014 Google, the most widely used web-based search engine, was founded in 1998 by Stanford University graduate students Larry Page and Sergei Brin. As a research project in 1996, Page and Brin began developing a search engine designed to look at the connecting links between web pages in order to determine a site’s authority. In 1998, Page and Brin set up their first data center in Page’s dorm. With the encouragement of fellow Stanford alum David Filo, who started Yahoo a few years earlier, page and Brin decided to start a company and started looking for investors to back them. Andy Bechtolsheim, one of the founders of Sun Microsystems, invested $100,000 in the company after receiving a demo of their search technology. The pair eventually raised over $1M (Anto, 2002, p. 188). Every organization has its own culture. Since many employees spend 40 or more hours at their workplace, their organization’s culture obviously affects both their work lives as well as their personal lives. Organizational culture is defined the system of shared actions, values, and beliefs that develops within an organization and guides the behavior of its members. Although each organization has its...
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...Institutional Theory Part One Introduction of Institutional Theory What are institutions? The general understanding of institutions can be defined as a set of formal and informal rules of conduct, made by humans that facilitate coordination or govern relationships between individuals, organizations or government. Examples of institutions include laws, regulations, customs, social and professional norms, culture, and ethics. Selznick (1949) notes that "the most important thing about organizations is that, though they are tools, each nevertheless has a life of its own". While he acknowledges rational view that organizations are designed to attain goals, he notes that the formal structures can never conquer the non-rational dimensions of organizational behaviour. Individuals do not act purely based on their formal roles. Organizations do not act purely based on formal structures. Selznick notes that individuals bring other commitments to the organization that can restrict rational decision-making. Institutions exert a constraining influence over organizations, called isomorphism that forces organizations in the same population to resemble other organizations that face the same set of environmental conditions (Hawley, 1968). Then, the isomorphism was further discussed by DiMaggio and Powell (1983) where the analysis of institutions exert three types of isomorphic pressure on organizations: coercive, normative, and mimetic. Coercive isomorphism refers...
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...simple, clear, and concise books and article to very detailed, in-depth, complex, and rigorous academic studies. Although the literature is exhaustive and at times overwhelming, by organizing the literature into common core areas, a reader can efficiently and effectively learn all there is to know about the learning organization, how to create a learning organization, and maintaining a successful learning organization. By thoroughly examining the literature in these three areas, an individual or institution will be able to thoroughly understand the entire scope of learning organizations. The common core areas that the majority of learning organization literature can be categorized into are foundation/founders of the concept, turning the theory into strong foundations, and learning organization application and evaluation. Foundation/Founders of the Concept By beginning with the literature that introduced and defined the concept of what a...
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...The Heart of Change Review Introduction What is organizational change? Organizational change occurs when a company makes a strategic effort to improve the performance of the organization or functions of the organization, such as a group or a practice. The goal of organizational change is to increase the effectiveness of the change effort, while decreasing employee opposition and the cost associated with the change. Change is inevitable in today’s business community if an organization wants to remain competitive and to increase profits. With an increase in globalization and advancements in technology, companies are forced to make changes if they want to stay in business. Unfortunately, most change efforts fail due to resistance and lack of support. Most people are afraid of change, and managers have to be very skilled in getting the employees to commit to implementing the changes. Successful change efforts are based on individuals at the organization responding positively to the transformation. So what can an organization do to bring about successful change? Research suggests that change is more effective when it’s driven from within by the upper management team of the organization. Employees are more than likely to buy into the effort if they feel it’s being supported by the top brass. If the employees get a sense that upper management is not championing the cause, then they will not support it. In addition, the change effort must also tie in with the culture...
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