...military engagement between the Ottoman Empire and European crusaders. The battle was a large international effort intended to bring a halt to rapid Turkish expansion into the Balkans but ultimately failed. But what if the Ottoman Empire lost the battle of Nicopolis? If they did we would see very big changes on world history. The Ottoman Empire was founded in 1299 by Osman the first. The Ottoman empire had a great impact on history if it was not for them most of World War 1 would not have happened. The Ottoman empire also created the Muslim population in Europe. The Ottoman Empire also is a Muslim country so the population was mainly Muslim. The Ottoman Empire was disbanded in 1923 because of a revolution...
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...Ottoman Turks’ first appearance The ascent of the Ottoman came after the decline of the Seljurk Turks’s empire. The arrival of the first Ottomans, alias ghazis (Turkish warriors or raiders), to Anatolia (formerly called Asia Minor) was intended to evade the forces of Mongols. At first, the Turkish tribes were nomadic pastoralists but when the Seljuk Empire’s power was slowly falling apart, the Turks, under the rule of Osman (1280-1326), command the ghazis to begin the occupation and invasion of other territories for power and wealth thus he founded the Osmanli dynasty, with Bursa at its capital. The Osmanlis were later known as the Ottomans. The Ottoman’s power and dominion became stronger after capturing Bosporus and Dardanelles. Though...
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...What were the military successes of the Ottoman-Turk? In creating a third (non-Arab) Islamic Empire Modern Middle East 31 May 2012 Introduction The Ottoman success was largely due to the more advanced weaponry systems they had, because of the better equipment they had improved their battlefield success greatly. The Ottomans ruled a large area and let non-Muslims practiced their own religions long as they paid their taxes and obeyed the law. Summary The Ottoman Empire was a success because the military is made up of two distinct groups, the kapti kallari forces and the locals. The ghazis, which were the Turkish warriors, were largely responsible for the conquest of Anatolia. The first twelve sultans enjoyed long reigns, this was necessary because instability at the top is sure to force decline in any empire. Body One of the reasons was because of nationalism and a notion that a state and ethnic nation are very similar; early on the Ottoman Empire was defined by his ruler, by its faith, as well as its military, all acting in sync. The empire emerged from a number of Turkey smaller states in Anatolia that was left behind from the devastating Mongol Victory at Kose Dagh (1243) over the Sultanate, Suleiman the Magnificent (1520-66). The reign of this great king represented the acme of Ottoman power. This was one of the finest states in the Western World, a universal empire unmatched in size, wealth and military power. Obviously, other...
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...of its religious influences. The region that Turkey now occupies has very large roots in history, even though the current establishment of Turkey is very young. Before the region was named the Republic of Turkey, the area was called Anatolia. Anatolia has a history of civilization that dates as far back as 10,000 years. In centuries past, this region had been inhabited by the indigenous Hattis and Hurrians. At around 2300 BC the Indo-European Hitties arrived at Anatolia slowly reigning over the Hatties and Hurrians. The Hitties established the first empire in the region and remained settled for multiple centuries. The empire collapsed in 1200 BC and Anatolia was then settled by an Indo-European group known as the Phrygians and the Lydians. The Phrygians settled in Western and Central Anatolia while the Lydians lived in the Eastern region. In the 6th century BC, bothe the Phrygians and Lydians were invaded by the Persian Empire. The kind of Kydia, Croesus, compromised with the Persians to divide their region of Anatolia long the Kizilirmak River as an attempt to stop the invasion. However the Persians did not stick to their agreement and took control of the region until 333 BC. At that time Alexander the Great conquered both the western and eastern regions of Anatolia, and after his death ten...
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...Historical Brief on Migration in Turkey During the Ottoman empire period, the empire witnessed many migration movements. The Ottoman authority was following the open door policy in dealing with the immigrants who were coming from different parts of the world for different reasons. One of the reasons was the empire’s aim to increase the population which was believed to contribute to the economic development and strengthen the defense abilities of the empire. In addition, as a humanitarian religious and political attitude, the empire accepted to receive massive numbers of Muslims and non-Muslims refugees who have deported from different places. For instance, receiving the Jews and Muslims refugees who fled from Spanish Inquisition. Furthermore,...
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...Genocide of 1915 was the terribly savage maltreatment of the Armenian people by the Ottoman empire and the latter CUP. The armenian people were unjustly exploited at the time when the world was upheaved in chaos due to world war one. The Ottoman empire which was once diverse with it’s multi ethnic and religious population was replaced by a nation state ideology fronted by the desire to obtain a monoethnic and mono-religious society. The new government in power known as the Committee of union and progress (CUP) or the Young Turk party delved into the most heinous means of obtaining their goal for a singular society by targeting and eliminating minorities who diverged from their ideology, in particular their vulnerable armenian...
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...Ottoman Empire: A Turkey Shoot Fill in the Following: A. Date the province or country was separated from the Ottoman Empire. B. Status of the area—Examples, independent country, or taken over by another country (protectorate, colony) C. Reason that the country or province separated or was lost to the Ottoman Empire. Young turks overthrew the sultan Christian, didnt like ottoman turks, ancient culture Overextended themselves independant country Austrian 1829 control 1699 independant country 1908 Turkey was forced to give up land after loss in WWI British control 1922 1922 Freed due to Balkan indepen 1913 wars and nationalism dant 1878 1878 thoughts british control independant independant After losing the Russian empire, the Ottoman Lost land after losing Russian land empire lost land Turkey gave up land after WWI The Decline of the Ottoman Empire For over 600 years the Ottoman Turkish Empire had been either a growing, or an already large power in the Balkan states, in Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. However, by 1683, the Ottomans had reached their peak size. From that time on, they lost prestige, power, and land. What happens is a roll call of some of the major areas lost by Turkey. Hungary After entering a war to expand their European territory, the Ottomans found that they had overextended themselves. They suffered a series of military defeats at the hands of the Hapsburg king of Austria...
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...Genocide. The Armenian Genocide took place in the Ottoman Empire from 1915-1923. Millions were killed by a campaign of deportation and mass killings by the Young Turk government. The controversy is that...
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...from. However, in Turkey racism is generally based on political, national and religious issues. In the history of Turkey racism has started in the Ottoman Empire in 1860 based on Ali Suavi who was a Turkish intellectual in Ottoman. There are tens of different nations live in Turkey like Armenians, Bosnians, Syrians, Kurds, Albanians and so many others. Sometimes some of these nations live in peace and harmony but unfortunately they may fight with each other for some reasons. Firstly, racism has started in the Ottoman Empire in 1915 and even today it is still continuing. Throughout the history of Turkey, racism and ethnic discrimination was widespread in Turkish communities, that racism and ethnic discrimination against minorities who are not Muslim and non-Sunni. In 1915 during the World War I, Relocation laws enacted by military forces to take precaution against those who opposing the government implementations at war which were applied to the Ottoman Armenians. After Tehcir law deportations and massacres was continues till accepting of "Temporary Law of Expropriation and Confiscation," specification that grant privileges to Armenians. However after a century later still Turkish people are against to Armenians but not only with laws or massacres but also invisible ostracism by the society. Based on Relocation law, Ottoman Empire on facade applied to secure the rest of the nations of evaluating an internal conflict that took place between...
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...The Ottoman Empire was founded in the year 1299, at this time only a small Anatolian state. However, the country had greater ambitions and sought to bring down the ailing Byzantine Empire. In 1453 they would realise this goal when Ottoman forces stormed the walls of Constantinople, declaring the great city as their new capital. Since then, the country entered a period of relentless conquest and expansion. The country reached its peak in the late 16th century under Suleiman the Magnificent, boasting a vast empire that stretched over three continents. However, after the failure of the Ottoman plot to seize the Austrian capital, Vienna, the empire entered a gradual decline. Over the course of 4 centuries, the Ottomans would lose grip over their conquered territories, its borders creeping closer and closer to Constantinople. Nevertheless, the Ottomans remained a force to be reckoned with and an empire of enviable size. Throughout the mid to late 19th century, the Ottoman government would oversee an era of widespread social, political and economic reform known as Tanzimat, Turkish for reorganisation. Some of the key reforms included emancipation of non-Muslims, reorganisation of the military and financial system, the building of rail and telegraph infrastructure and a boom in the size of the Ottoman bureaucracy. In 1876 an Ottoman Constitution was introduced. While...
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...significant role in my life. In addition, I happen to have a friend named Mehmet, who is from Turkey. But I never knew any information about Turkey until I found this country on a world map. That’s when I learned the following facts: Turkey is located in both Europe and Asia, and it shares a border with Greece. So when I started taking the course Geography of the Middle East at Old Dominion University, I decided to select Turkey for my research paper. Perry Library and Larchmont Library were excellent places for literary materials. I also consulted Internet sources and my class textbook as additional resources. Turkistan, a region in central Asia, is a Persian term which means “Turks’ land” or “land of the Turks”. The Young Ottoman Turks considered this name for their country before they decided on “Turkiye, an adaptation of the European name” Turkey (Lewis 333). Although “[t]he name Turkey has been given to…Anatolia…since its first conquest by the Turks in the eleventh century,” the Turks officially referred to their country as Turkey when it won its independence in 1923. (Lewis 1). Turkey’s relative geographical position distinguished it from most of the other countries of the world. It is situated on two continents: (southeastern) Europe and (southwestern) Asia. European Turkey, or Eastern Thrace, constitutes only 3 percent of the country’s land area, and “[t]he other 97 percent…is…in Asia and is called Anatolia, or Asia Minor” (Orr 19; Sheehan 7). Turkey’s...
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...would fight Mongolian, Russian, Turkey, and Persian empires. Armenia had kings ruling over them; in the 4th century the ruling king became Christian and made that the mandatory religion of the Armenian Empire. This was still the religion even though neighboring countries were Muslim. They were under strict rules because of how many times they were conquered by other countries. The genocide, “[lies] in the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. At the turn of the 20th Century, the...
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...hundreds of Turkish tribes to leave their homes and their way of life in Anatolia. These tribes soon found refuge in the Islam religion and it didn’t take long for one of the Turkish tribes by the name of Seljuk to quickly gain a substantial amount of power. They adopted the Islamic settled life, their religion, their government and their way of taxation. However, many of the other tribes didn’t appreciate how the Seljuk was able to easily adapt, they felt as though the Seljuk had forgotten where they came from. These tribes didn’t want the Islamic way of life they wanted their old way of life, so they began to conquer land for Islam but they would keep all the riches for themselves....
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...powers fit guns into their political, military, and cultural systems. One of the recurring things in history is the nature of nations and empires. Civilizations are born, reach their potential under extraordinary leaders, and over time lose their vitality and strength. The remarkable feature in this cycle is that new civilizations emerge out of there fallen leaders, regenerated by new leaders and by outside cultural influences, often resulting in cultural power. Such were the circumstances under which the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires emerged between 1300 and 1650. Coming on the heels of the Mongol and Timurid conquests in Southwest Asia and Anatolia, new Muslim dynasties began the process of extending their realms with military might enhanced by the use of gunpowder weaponry. Conquering an empire is not the same as establishing imperial authority, and the rulers of the new empires faced a monumental task in establishing an effective governing structure for their domains. Built upon the foundations of preexisting cultural ideas, the most outstanding emperors realized that the vitality of their empires required a considerable degree of toleration for their non-Muslim subjects-an ideal that stood in sharp contrast to the policies adopted by their contemporary counterparts in Christian Europe. In the sixteenth century, the Asian empires were clearly aspiring, controlling the East-West trade routes and drawing on the ample resources and manpower existing within their...
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...Principles of Atatürk and the History of Reform 1/12/2015 On October 29, 1923, Mustafa Kemal (later called “Atatürk," father of the Turks) proclaimed the Republic of Turkey as a pure nation-state for the Turks by abolishing the multiethnic Ottoman Empire. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder and first president of the Turkish Republic, Turkish army officer, reformist, was born on19th May 1881 and died in 10 November 1938 at the age of 57 year. He was a and the first President of Turkey. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk introduced a form of secular fundamentalism; bend Turkey from its Islamic roots. Kemalism has since replaced Islam as Turkey's state religion, enforced by its high priests, the generals of the military. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a military officer during World War I, and faces defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I, after that he found and led his movement. His military campaigns led to victory in the Turkish War of Independence. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk then embarked upon a program of political, economic, and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former Ottoman Empire into a modern and secular-state under his leadership, thousands of new schools were built, primary education was made free and compulsory, and women were given equal civil and political rights, while the burden of taxation on peasants was reduced. His government also carried out an extensive policy of Turkification, the principles of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk reforms, upon which modern...
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