...with the occult and unnatural. He is considered one of the greatest English writers. William Yeats was a 20th century Irish poet who loved the magical things of life. At the time of William Butler Yeats, the First World War broke out. At first, the war was caused by the creation of Germany that changed the balance of power in Europe. The people that were the cause of the first attacks of the war were the Continental Powers. The fighting in the war came mostly from trenches that were dug on the boarders. Throughout the war technology kept advancing and World War I was the first war that used airplanes in combat. Along with the new use of airplanes in the war, the first tanks were being invented and built by the people in France and Great Britain. The use of sending spies into enemies’ home countries made it easier to get insider information about the military plans for the war. The war ended and the Allies troops came out as the winners. In 1919, the German officials were given the Treaty of Versailles to admit their defeat in the war. At the end of all the battles and fighting there was almost 10 million people dead world wide from the war (“World”[1-8]). King 2...
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...announcement propelled Australia into the Second World War without a mere hint of hindrance or any other sort of hesitation with the then Prime Minister, Robert Menzies announcing “it is my melancholy duty to inform you officially, that in consequence of a persistence by Germany in her invasion of Poland, Great Britain has declared war upon her and that, as a result, Australia is also at war.” Australians became directly involved with the British forces as well as the forces of the United States of America and fought in three theatres of war including the European frontier, the pacific Campaign and the North African campaign. Being a regular armed force of the Allies, Australia became sworn enemies of Japan, Germany and Italy as well as other...
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...The Life and Music of the original Angry Young Man On May 8th 1956, Look Back in Anger opened at the Royal Court Theatre as the third production of the newly formed English Stage Company. It was viewed as a play that would provide a euphoric blow to the customary and old English theatre. The changes in popular culture between 1950 and 1960 in Britain have been called a “cultural revolution”. Whatever was revolutionary about this era must have some bearing on both the genesis and reception of the ground-breaking play Look Back in Anger, by John Osborne. Appearing in the middle of the decade Osborne's drama initiated the cultural moment of the Angry Young Man. Precisely which young men were angry at this time and why are questions that lead back to this concept of the Cultural Revolution. Understanding Osborne's Jimmy Porter, the original Angry Young Man can take the researcher away from literary culture and deep into British popular culture. The cultural revolution of the 50s can be constituted with permissiveness, cosmopolitanism, new class attitudes and youth, each of which is manifested by distinctive artefacts such as cinema, popular music, the daily papers and other texts that surrounded the ordinary person on an ordinary working day. These four areas encompass the change in social attitudes and behaviour between the end of post-war austerity and the onset of world recession in the 1970s. By the end of this time, British society dressed differently, ate differently...
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...Summerize the Issues and Events of the War of 1812 Around the time of the War with 1812 the U.S was capitalizing from the war between Britain and France by trading goods to both, but swearing support for neither country. We got rich off of both nations, our trade expanded and the economy grew while we were able to stay free of foreign entanglement. A number of things though caused the War of 1812 1) Violations of the American Sovereignty by Great Britain.. a) Impressments Imprisonment or kidnapping of U.S. citizens and merchant marines on the open sea b) Interference with American shipping and trade c) Britain's refusal to turn over western forts promised to them at the end of the American Revolution, thus supporting the Native-American resistance. 2) American expansionism. Conquering of Great Britain's Canadian colonies to get them off of North America for good. 3) Growing Presence in U.S. politics of War Hawks a) War Hawks led by Henry Clay b) Asked for a declaration of war against Great Britain as a response to the grievances listed above and for the chance to take over the British Canadian colonies. There were four theatres of operation during the war. 1) The Atlantic Ocean 2) The Great Lakes and the Canadian frontier 3) The coast of the United States 4) The Southern states With the British ships outnumbering the United States vessels, the goal of the British was to protect their own merchant ships to and from Canada while cutting off the American...
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...OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE • Palaeolithic nomads from mainland Europe; • New inhabitants came from western and possibly north-western Europe (New Stone Age); • in the 2nd millennium BC new inhabitants came from the Low Countries and the middle Rhine (Stonehenge); • Between 800 and 200 BC Celtic peoples moved into Britain from mainland Europe (Iron Age) • first experience of a literate civilisation in 55 B.C. • remoter areas in Scotland retained independence • Ireland, never conquered by Rome, Celtic tradition • The language of the pre-Roman settlers - British (Welsh, Breton); Cornish; Irish and Scottish Gaelic (Celtic dialect) • The Romans up to the fifth century • Britain - a province of the Roman Empire 400 years • the first half of the 5th century the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes (N Germany, Jutland) • The initial wave of migration - 449 A. D. • the Venerable Bede (c. 673-735) • the Britain of his time comprised four nations English, British (Welsh), Picts, and Scots. • invaders resembling those of the Germans as described by Tacitus in his Germania. • a warrior race • the chieftain, the companions or comitatus. • the Celtic languages were supplanted (e.g. ass, bannock, crag). * Christianity spread from two different directions: * In the 5th century St Patrick converted Ireland, in the 7th century the north of England was converted by Irish monks; * in the south at the end of the 6th century Aethelberht of Kent allowed the monk Augustine...
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...American Revolution Section one American Revolution dates back to the early colonial years. During the stat of the year 1650, Great Britain began to control, limit and restrict their American colonists by forcing them to follow and adhere to some of harsh rule such as the Navigation Act. This restriction took effect alongside many more restrictions. Thus between the year 1650 and 1776, a number of the colonists found it difficult to enjoy freedom and finally they opted to unite and rebel against their home country. Among the causes of revolution were high taxation, legacy in political issues and general restriction of civil liberals. All these added up to the strong forces that propelled the colonists to revolve. This section is going to answer the big question whether or not the American Revolution was successful and the major reasons behind the success. To start with, the American Revolution was indeed successful. Several aspects highly contributed to this success. Americans were under what we can describe as the strongest and one of the most stable leadership ever in the region. For instance, they were led by people like General Washington George who were extremely skilled and mastered the entire terrain of the country. The Britain forces came from across the Atlantic Ocean and they had no prior knowledge and experience of the American revolutionaries combat. In addition, the British had a general problem of transporting and supplying their equipment across the large Atlantic...
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...capitalist countries became increasingly uneven. In the end of the XIX century, countries such as Britain and France, which were the strongest, were pushed by young capitalist countries - Germany, the United States, and Japan. There was a series of wars of expansion and spheres of influence. The USA victory in the Spanish-American war has opened the way for further expansion to the south of Latin America. In 1899-1902 England was at war against the two Boer republics in southern Africa ended with their defeat. Russian-Japanese war is also refers to the wars for re-division of the world. This war was the largest and had great impact on the whole world. Russian-Japanese war began in 1904. The reason of the war was the Russian expansion in Manchuria. Telling about previous situation, which led to the war, in May, 1896 Russia attained from China the concession for building and exploitation of Chinese-Eastern Railway from Harbin to Port-Arthur, in March, 1898 – rent of Southern part of Liaodong Peninsula and Port-Arthur. Port-Arthur soon after became Russian main naval base in Far East. In 1900, while in China was Ihetuan Rebellion, Russian army occupied Manchuria. But this attempt, to save her military attendance, faced with resistance of Japan, Great Britain and the USA. They were against strengthening of Russian influence in North China. So in January, 1902 Japan and Great Britain signed a treaty of alliance directed against Russia. In this situation Russia was forced to sign...
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...land; yet this cannot be done without a union among themselves”(Hunt 14). Although Hunt believed in America’s ability to defend themselves, he did not believe in the country uniting as one. Hunt, a man of many talents with great scholar success, would ultimately choose to be a lawyer in Philadelphia. Hunt would earn a Bachelor's degree of the Arts in 1763, he would study law and earn his licence in 1765, and earn two more degrees in the Arts, one from Philadelphia in 1771 and the final one in New York in 1773. Hunt...
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...Beautiful, Brilliant Brighton Sea air and students, colour and creativity – Brighton, on the southern coast of England, is the coolest, youngest city in Britain. It’s full of artists, musicians and people having great fun at the seaside. The city is known for its wonderful Royal Pavilion and Brighton Pier. But it also has beautiful beaches and one of Europe’s biggest marinas. Brighton has the best mix of entertainment – with theatres, cinemas, concerts and art galleries. It has an exciting music scene. Go to Brighton during one of the city’s many fantastic festivals! They’re all fun and colourful. The Brighton Festival and Festival Fringe are in May, with music, art, dance, comedy and fireworks. If you love sports, Brighton is perfect for you. In June there’s the London-to-Brighton Bike Ride – when around 27,000 people ride bicycles for charity. On the beach, you’ll see teens cycling, rollerblading, skateboarding, playing volleyball or beach football. Brighton is also one of the best places in the world to learn English. There are more than 25 language schools in the area. Most of these schools have summer courses, and some organize visits to museums, trips to the countryside and to London. The city first became popular in the 18th century. Even King George IV spent much of his time in the town in the early 1800s and built what is now one of the England’s famous buildings – The Royal Pavilion. Brighton’s Royal Pavilion is not like any other royal palace in Europe. The palace...
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...Elementary about 1100basicwords Pre-intermediate about 1400basicwords Intermediate about 1600 basicwords Upper about 2200 basicwords Answer keys Answer keys for the Exercises section can be found at www.macmillanenglish.com Introduction 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 History of London Placesto Visit Tiavelling in London Shopping London ar Night Information and Advice ) 1t 22 25 28 34 Exercises 36 Introduction London is the biggestcity in Britain. Over seven million History of London people live and work in London. London is also one of the most important cities in the world. It is a centre for businessand tounsm. There are many exciting things to do in London. The city has got some of the best theatres and museums in the world. There are a lot of places to go at night. It is a fun city! This book begins with a brief history of London. Then we will look at things you can see and do in London today. The Romans The Romanscame to Britain in AD 43. They built a t o wn o n t h e Riv e r T h a m e s . T h e v c a l l e d t h e t o w n Londinium. Soon, they built a bridge over the river. Londinium grew bigger. Ships came to the town from all over Europe. The Romans built roads from Londinium to other p a rt s o f B...
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...Harold Wilson, who was the Prime Minister during 1964-70, had promised Britain one of his most effective campaign speeches. He had promised that Britain would catch up with “the white heat” of technological change. Wilson had successfully linked the Labour Party to modernisation in contrast to what were described as the “wasted years” of the Conservative government. The Labour government seemed to be more in touch with the social and cultural trends of the 1960s. Modernisation of the British economy was one of the key priorities for the Labour government. By 1964, it was widely accepted that Britain was lagging behind other countries such as West Germany and Japan. Britain’s economy seemed to be trapped in the cycle of “stop-go”, with bursts of prosperity always leading to inflation, runs on the pound snd regular crises over the balance of payments. Reorganising the economy to break out of this cycle was the key aim of Wilson’s government in 1964. Moreover, Labour inherited a deficit of about £800million. The two classic economic solutions to this kind of problem were deflation and devaluation. But Wilson and his Chancellor of Exchequer, James Callaghan, refused to do neither. Instead, Wilson was convinced that these problems could be fixed by careful management and planning. A new department, the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) was set up, led by George Brown and a National Plan had been drawn up. He had set growth targets and devised a national system of “economic planning...
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...the year 1756 and 1763 (Boot, 2014). It, therefore, took seven years for the war to end. Participants in the war were majorly the French on one side and the British on another side. The British outnumbered the French, and, therefore, the French depended on the help of the Indian natives of America to fight the British. For that reason, and considering that King George had been involved in another war in the 1940s, it was named by the opponents of the British who were the French in collaboration with the Indians. The war was also called the North American Theatre of the Seven Years War between France and Britain (Boot, 2014). It is also called the second hundred yeas war. The reason for the war between the two sides was the claim from the two sides for the region of the valley where Ohio River is located. The Indians had occupied the valley. The war resulted in France losing her possession in America called New France. Britain also took over Florida, previously a joint possession of Spain...
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...War of 1812 A war that defined North America The war of 1812, a war between the United States and Great Britain allies(United Kingdom and The Canadas ), lasted for two and a half years(1812-1815). It was a story similar to rags to riches, how the developing young nation United states had proved that its not an underdog any more opposing the then super power Great Britain, the greatest naval power of the world. It was a story that tells us why the ‘Father of U.S constitution’ James Madison is remembered for something else as well. It was a story that tells how a country earned respect and why winning is not everything and loosing is not the end. It tells us a story of how the not-so-popular Canada has fought for its independence. After all, it is not a story at all. The U.S army suffered many terrible loses in the war which includes the capture and burning of their nation’s capital Washington D.C, but not before giving up a tough fight and repulsing the British forces in New York, Baltimore and New Orleans. Though the war ended with many unsolved questions even after signing Treaty of Ghent, it is celebrated as a “second war of Independence” in United States. Cause of the war: The reasons behind a war can never be known to anyone accurately except the one who started it. Historians tried to find the complex reasons and multiple factors behind the decision of war. Out of the few immediate...
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...With Reference to Two or More Examples Discuss the Role of Dramatic Text in Performance The role of dramatic text in performance is not a question that has a simple, straightforward answer. A dramatic text is a text that has been written for it to be delivered by some form of media, for example theatre, film or television. A performance text on the other hand is a version of the dramatic text, which is what ultimately gets performed. Therefore, to put it simply, a performance text is a version of a dramatic text that has been annotated and altered for the actual performance. This complicates the role of dramatic text, as there can be various different performance texts just for one dramatic text. Therefore you have to question, after a certain period of time, if the performances turn further and further away from what the dramatic text is trying to convey? Considering William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, which is such an ‘iconic text of world theatre’ (Lavender, 5), you can compare the role of the dramatic text when it was first published and performed in around 1603 with performances leading up to the present day. This is something which doesn't only differ depending on what time period it is being performed or how renowned the text is but it differs from performance to performance mainly because of the various different concepts the directors have with this singular play. However, factors such as the set or audience can also have a considerable effect. Nevertheless...
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...WHEN ARTS MET MARKETING Arts marketing theory embedded in Romanticism Hye-Kyung Lee Cultural Lee &and Creative IndustriesSchool Hye-KyungFrancis Ltd November (print)/1477-2833 (online) 000000and 2005 Ltdof Cultural Policy or Humanities, King’s College London, StrandLondonWC2R 2LStsrbd@yahoo.com 3 11 2005 Original Francis 1028-6632 International Journal 10.1080/10286630500411309 GCUL_A_141113.sgm Taylor Article This article argues that arts marketing theory is embedded in the existing context of the nonprofit arts sector – that is, Romantic belief in the universal value of the arts and producer authority over the consumer. As “a set of techniques” and “a decision-making process”, marketing was able to sit comfortably in the nonprofit arts context during the 1970s and 1980s. However, recent recognition of marketing as “a management philosophy” has brought out incompatibilities between the customer orientation of the marketing notion and the Romantic view of artistic production. This article demonstrates that arts marketing writings embrace Romanticism through the following: generic marketing concept; relationship marketing approach; extended definition of the customer; extended definition of the product; and reduction of marketing to function. Such findings suggest that persistence of the existing belief system and the embeddedness of the market be considered when marketisation in the arts sector is analysed. KEYWORDS arts marketing; Romanticism; marketisation; cultural persistence...
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