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Theories of Marketing Strategy

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THEORIES IN MARKETING STRATEGY[1]

In general, there are three aspects to the strategy of firms, regardless of the level of the strategy: content, formulation process, and implementation. Strategy content (what the strategy is) refers to the specific relationships, offerings, timing, and pattern of resource deployment planned by a business in its quest for competitive advantage (e.g., generic strategy of cost leadership versus differentiation; push versus pull strategy). Strategy formulation process (how the strategy is arrived at) refers to the activities that a business engages in for determining the strategy content (e.g., market opportunity analysis, competitor analysis, decision-making styles). Strategy implementation (how the strategy is carried out) refers to the actions initiated within the organization and in its relationships with external constituencies to realize the strategy (e.g., organization structure, coordination mechanisms, control systems).

The body of marketing literature termed as strategic market planning primarily focuses on the content of strategy and process of strategy formulation at the business unit level and the corporate level, and the role of marketing in these spheres of organizational activity.

Firms initiate strategic actions to achieve competitive advantage. However, these actions are shaped, and their outcomes influenced, by the external environment and internal environment of the firms. Institutional theory suggests that the actions of firms and the outcomes of these actions are influenced by the knowledge systems, beliefs, and rules that characterize the context of the organization.

➢ The firm is embedded in a general environment comprising (a) the institutions that lay the guidelines to shape the behavior of firms and (b) macro-societal factors such as the prevailing culture. ➢ The firm is embedded in an

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