...Theory and the Nursing Process Kenneth L. Harris University of Phoenix Community and Family Nursing NSG 420 June 22, 2015 Kimberly Lewis RN, MSN-Ed Theory and the Nursing Process The theoretical basis for public and community nurses began in the nineteenth century with Florence Nightingale. Nightingale believed in the prevention and surveillance of diseases. She further believed that a disease was more prevalent in poor environments. She proved that good health was more prevalent with a good environment for instance providing adequate ventilation, clean water, warmth, light, and cleanliness during the Crimean War (Allender, Rector, & Warner, 2014). The public and community health nurse can affect change in behavior by providing education of the basic principles of the Nightingale theory. The theory brings to light the relationship between good health and a good environment ("Community Health Nursing," 2013). The educating migrant farm workers about the need for adequate ventilation in farm labor camps to help prevention of pulmonary tuberculosis. The community and public health nurse must develop a teaching strategy for the population in need of education. The educational theorist Malcolm Knowles proposed andragogy or the art of teaching adults. One of Knowles beliefs was that adults accumulate a reservoir of experiences to draw from and another is the adult must know why they need to learn something new (Roebuck, Morgan, MacDonald, Shumer, & McCune, 2015)...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline Nursing has evolved greatly as a profession. Nursing has become an independent practice with its own theory practice, models and distinct interventions (George, 2011). Through the years, nursing leaders have developed many nursing theories that guide our practice today. Their research and contributions to the nursing profession has shaped our present-day practices. This paper will delineate the historic development of nursing science, focusing on the most widely known and used theories. This paper will also canvass the influences of these concepts in the development of the nursing profession, and multidisciplinary influences. Development of Nursing Science Florence Nightingale (1859) Florence Nightingale is considered the mother of nursing. In 1859, Nightingale published her book Notes on Nursing that has “directed nursing practice for over 150 years” (George, 2011, p. 9). She believed that the force for healing resides within the human being and that if the environment is appropriately supportive, humans will seek to heal themselves” (George, 2011, p. 25). Her environmental theory is a valuable concept, which is the basis of nursing practice today. It is applied in all the fields of nursing. 1950s Theories Hildegard Peplau (1952). Hildegard Peplau introduced her interpersonal theory. Her theory focused on the relationship of the nurse and the patient. She believed that there is growth for each individual- the nurse and the...
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...Historical Development of Nursing Timeline 1850s The history of theoretical and scientific approach in nursing evolution rooted in mid-1800s by the founder and pioneer of modern nursing; Florence Nightingale. She was considered “The Lady with the Lamp” and “The Mother of Modern Nursing “. Florence Nightingale was born in Florence Italy on May 12, 1820. She grew up with the belief that her religious calling was to take care of other people. She started her work during the Crimean war. Her amazing management skills and her ability to provide nursing care to the healthy and wounded soldiers, using her great base knowledge and understanding about the cause and effect of disease and the influence of the environment in healing process, provided a major impact in healthcare and started the beginning of the nursing profession. Her satisfaction however did not end alone in taking care of her patients. She broadened the concept of nursing by research and studies on how to come up with more effective care using statistics, cases and data. Her dedication and the positive outcomes influenced many peoples around the globe and inspired the continuation of her great work. In 1859, Florence Nightingale published her views on nursing care in “Notes on Nursing”. The basis of nursing practice was based on this theory. 1960s Theorist Year Nursing Theories V. Henderson 1960 Basic...
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...grid below to complete the Week 4-Nursing Theorists assignment. Please see the “Nursing Theorists’ Grading Criteria” document, located on the Materials page of the student Web site. Name: Pamela Eliowitz Theorist Selected: Ida Orlando Description of Theory: Orlando’s theory is, one that reflects on the practice of nursing and teaches nurses to learn what is causing an imbalance for the patient in his immediate environment and figuring that out by the nurse interacting with the 2007, p. 338). There are five concepts mentioned by Alligood (2010), they are the following: • Nurses function • Presenting behavior or problem situation • Immediate reaction • Reflective inquiry • Improvement in resolving dilemma (p. 339). In Chitty (2010) one of many theories discussed in nursing explores Ida Orlando’s Theory of the coined process of “Deliberate Nursing (Alligood, 2010, p. 346). Her theory is the cornerstone of the “nursing process” (Chitty, 2010, p. 315). Her theory is one, which has shaped nursing on the premise of “how to improve the patient’s condition by figuring out what they need through the nurses interaction with the patient?” (Chitty, 2010, p. 314). By interactions, verbal and non-verbal can illuminate the problem, which is the immediate concern. Orlando is the one that initiated the patient-centered focus by “involving the patients’ in the decision making process” (Chitty, 2010, p. 315). Her theory provides positive outcomes, as she...
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...Dorothea Orem’s Theory: Self Care Deficit Critic Kouadio K. Koko BSN, RN University of Virginia School of Nursing Dorothea Orem’s Theory: Self Care Deficit Critic Abstract Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory of nursing is one of the major nursing theories. It pays particular attention to the role of the patient in their own rehabilitation, as it expounds the benefits of self-care. Orem’s theory is well documented and has been used by several researchers as a basis for their research. This particular theory of nursing is broad and can be applied to the primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention. Many nursing schools have used this theory as a benchmark or guide in their curriculum development. Introduction The following is a critical review of Dorothea Orem’s self-care theory of nursing; in which she advocates for a patient centered approach to nursing where the patient takes an active role in their own rehabilitation. This critical review takes a look at the purpose of the self-care theory, major concepts and definitions, its assumptions, its strengths and its weaknesses. The information provided in this report could be of benefit to a recently enrolled nursing student or any individual who wants to have a broader concept of one of the major nursing theories. Brief Summary of Theory Orem’s self-care theory of nursing basically surmises that the main purpose of the nurse is to facilitate the patient’s recovery; by helping the patients get to a point where they can...
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...Importance of Theory Paper Laura A. Novascone Chamberlain College of Nursing Instructor Jodi Protokowicz 7/16/15 A nursing theory provides a view or window into the reality of nursing (CCN, 2015). Nursing theories are basic concepts that define nursing practice and provide the explanation to why nurses do what they do. I have given no thought to the use of nursing theory until taking this nursing class and this assignment is proving very difficult to follow. I have utilized nursing theory in my everyday work of nursing. A nurse will use multiple nursing theories during the scope of their day. These theories guide how nurses treat their patients, how tasks are performed and assessments or interventions are carried out. Critical thinking skills start by studying nursing theory. Nursing theory is theoretical practices to gain insight and knowledge on a particular concept. The theory I have selected to use is the Roy adaptation model which is a grand theory. The purpose of this assignment is to identify a nursing theory which is the Roy adaptation theory, analyze the importance of the selected theory to the nursing profession and summarize key concepts and relationships among the concepts of the selected nursing theory. I will analyze how the Roy Adaptation Theory relates to nursing education. Importance of Nursing Theory Nursing theories were developed to help define the unique practice of nursing as its own separate profession. If it wasn’t for early theorists like...
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...University of Phoenix Material Nursing Theorist Grid 1. Theorist Selected: Ida Orlando Description of key points of the theory: Orlando's Deliberative Nursing Process has a framework that consists of five concepts. 1. Professional Nursing Function is the organizing principle- The patient is the focal point in nursing. The nurse must find out and meet the immediate need the patient. 2. Patient's presenting behavior- problematic situation. When the patient's equilibrium is offset he/she exhibits behaviors that draw the nurses' attention. 3. Immediate reaction- Internal Response is a proactive response that causes the nurse to have an automatic response that is cognitive and affective (Alligood, 2010). According to the nurse’s interpretation of the patient's behavior, therefore, the nurse need to assess the situation first to gain an understanding of the problem. 4. Deliberative Nursing Process-Reflective Inquiry views the patient and nurse as a functional unit that draws from each other. The nurse’s behavior affects the patient, and the patient's behavior affects the nurse. To better understand the patient the nurse must focus on the actuality of the problem instead of assuming what the problem may be. This part of the theory is deliberate because the nurse must separate their immediate observation, thoughts, and feelings from each other (Alligood, 2010). Orlando (Alligood, 2010) brings to our attention as nurses that we should not assume that we have corrected...
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...Ernestine Wiedenbach Ernestine Wiedenbach was a pioneer in nursing theory and nursing philosophy. She was an author, nurse-midwife, and teacher. Clinically she specialized in nurse midwifery and it was at Yale teaching that her nursing theories were developed. Wiedenbach was recognized for her work in writing the first maternity nursing text book that focused on family-centered care. (Barger, Faucher, & Murphy, 2015). Her theories were influenced by Ida Orlando, Patricia James and William Dickoff who were all colleagues at Yale. Wiedenbach was passionate about nursing and she longed for further knowledge. Wiedenbach asked questions like what do nurses do and why they do it? (Wylie, 2010) It was from questions like this her theory was developed. Wiedenbach’s theory is based on identifying a patient’s need-for-help through nursing interaction. Wiedenbach (1963) defines her theory as follows, “Nursing is a helping art - a deliberate blending of thoughts, feelings, and overt actions. It is practiced in relation to an individual who is in need of help, is rooted in an explicit philosophy, and is directed towards fulfillment of a specific purpose” (p. 54). Wiedenbach believed there were four components to clinical nursing: philosophy, purpose, practice, and art. Wiedenbach felt that the each individual nurse is responsible for identifying their own philosophy based on their own values and life experience. Purpose is the goal the nurse hopes to achieve through the...
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...Imogene King-Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment Sharon Bilbrough Wesley College Theory and Evidence Based Practice NR507 Dr. Denise Morris November 11, 2014 Abstract Many people decide to pursue a career in nursing because they want to be instrumental in helping patients get healthy. In order to accomplish this, it is necessary to set health goals with the patient, and then take steps to achieve these goals. Imogene King’s Theory of Goal Attainment focuses on this process to aid nurses in the nurse-patient relationship, helping their patients meet the goals they set for their health. As a recognized global leader, Imogene King truly made a positive difference for the nursing profession and had a significant impact on nursing’s scientific base. She used three interacting systems in her Theory of Goal Attainment; the personal system, the interpersonal system, and the social system. According to King, the goal of the nurse is to help patients maintain health so they can function in their individual roles. The nurse’s function is to interpret information in the nursing process, to plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care. She was one of the first nurse theorists to link academic theory to evidence based nursing practice. Imogene King-Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment Theorist Imogene M. King developed the theory of goal attainment, and was born January 30, 1923, in West Point, Iowa. During her early high school years, she decided...
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...Professional Nursing Reflection M. Ott University of Wyoming Introduction to Higher Education in Nursing NURS 3010 April 14, 2013 Professional Nursing Reflection Nursing is a practice that has been described as a science an art. It has many definitions and many philosophies that guide its practice. Nursing lacks a singular, definitive theory or philosophy. Individual develop their own philosophies and theories based on their values, beliefs and professional identities. As registered nurses that are seeking to advance our education and become professional nurses, defined as a registered nurse with a Bachelor’s of Science Degree in Nursing (BSN), we need to be able to describe our current professional identities. We need to use the critical thinking skills that are so essential to the practice of nursing to analyze how we apply current theories and philosophies to our own nursing practice. How do our personal theories and philosophies compare to the current thoughts out there today and how can we develop a plan to continue to grow professionally as nurse leaders? We are simply applying certain steps in the nursing process to our way of thinking about our practice and future growth – assess, plan, and implement. I. Professional Identity – Knowledge, Theory and Philosophy I am currently a direct care provider in an emergency department at a Level I trauma center academic hospital. As an emergency room registered nurse (ER RN) I know that I am in...
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...Nursing Theory Paper Nurs/403 March 7, 2011 Jacqueline DePaulis Nursing Theory Paper Many different nursing theories have been developed by leaders in the nursing field over the past 40 years. I chose the nurse theorist, Ida Jean Orlando because of my lack of knowledge of Ms. Orlando and her theory, The Deliberative Nursing Process. She was one of the first nursing theorists to write about the nursing process based on her own research. This theory involves interpersonal processes occurring between a patient and a nurse that will identify an immediate need of that patient (Mosby, 2010). Ms. Orlando believed nurses should have more input in a patient’s care than was allowed by the constraints of policies, job description, and protocols. This theory is used in education, nursing, and nursing practice today. Similar to all theories, The Deliberative Nursing Process defines what part the environment, health, person, and nursing roles assume. Background of Ida Jean Orlando Ida Jean Orlando was born in 1926, a first generation of Italian Americans. She received a nursing diploma from New York Medical College. Her first job was at a maternity hospital. Feeling less than challenged as a nurse in her decision making, she went on to receive her Bachelor’s of Science in Pubic Health from St. John's University in Brooklyn, New York. She went into pubic health hoping to find more autonomy but was disappointed to find it consisted of policies and protocols in which the nurses...
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...IMPRORTANCE OF THEORY: JEAN WATSON’S CARING THEORY NR 501 Teresa Acosta Chamberlain College of Nursing IMPRORTANCE OF THEORY: Jean Watson’s Caring Theory Currently, healthcare systems all over the world are experiencing some sort of reorganization at the administration level. Things are changing, practice and healthcare policy continue to transform at a rapid rate. Nursing theory has worked to provide stability and rationality to the ever changing field of nursing. The profession of nursing, just like any other profession, must work to prove the legitimacy of its practice which is accomplished through the confines of theory (McCrae, 2012). According to Alligood (2014), nursing theory not only fosters the development of nursing education and literature but also assists in practice advancement. This is important for laying a foundation and progressing in the field of nursing and helps to provide the basic knowledge for nursing care that involves “caring”. With all the change and uncertainty in healthcare, human caring has the potential to become a lost cause (Cara, 2003). Caring should be a central theme in nursing and the foundation of all nursing care (Watson, 2009). The goal of this paper is to explore and summarize the central ideas of Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring and to apply her theory to current practice and show its relevance...
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...Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Ryan Velasco University of Phoenix NUR/513 March 13, 2012 Noura Kassis Ed.D., R.N. Concept Comparison and Analysis Across Theories Nursing as a profession has evolved through the contributions of practicing nurse theorists who have worked rigorously toward improving the way nurses approach the art and science of nursing. Through theory development, nursing models, and their conceptual frameworks, they have provided a foundation for nurses and their practice. Nursing theories have developed from the choices and assumptions about the nature of what a particular theorist believes about nursing, what the basis of nursing knowledge is, and nurses do or how they practice in the real world. Each theory carries with it a worldview, a way of seeing nursing and human events that highlights certain aspects of reality and possibly shades or ignores aspects in other areas (Ray, 1998). This paper will assess both Peplau’s Interpersonal relations model and Travelbee’s Human-to-human Relationship models, and compare their concept definition of client/person. Preceded by an overview of each theory and comparison, the paper further discusses Peplau’s Interpersonal Relations model in regard to its applicability to nursing practice. Interpersonal Relations Model Dr. Hildegard Peplau, a pioneer of the nursing world published the book Interpersonal Relations in Nursing in 1952, transcending the...
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...(Chapter 10). Roy’s theory provides a systematic approach to nursing practice known as the nursing process. Ram utilizes a bi-level assessment to problem solve the nursing process in everyday patient care. Assessment of Behavior * The first step of the nursing process, which involves gathering data about the behavior of the person as an adaptive system in each of the adaptive modes("Nursing Theories", 2012). Assessment of Stimuli * The second step of the nursing process involves the identification of internal and external stimuli that are influencing the person’s adaptive behaviors. * Stimuli are classified as: 1. Focal- those most immediately affecting the person, 2. Contextual-all other stimuli present that are affecting the situation 3. Residual- other stimuli whose effect on the situation are unclear. ("Nursing Theories", 2012). Nursing Diagnosis * Step three of the nursing process involves the formulation of statements that interpret data about the adaptation status of the person, including the behavior and most relevant stimuli ("Nursing Theories", 2012). Goal Setting * The forth step of the nursing process involves the establishment of clear statements of the behavioral outcomes for nursing care with specified time frame("Nursing Theories", 2012).. Intervention * The fifth step of the nursing is determination of how best to assist the person in attaining the established goals ("Nursing Theories", 2012). Evaluation...
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...How Theory Affects Education: A Microscope Perspective Elizabeth Wiedman Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 501: Theoretical Basis of Advanced Nursing Practice Summer Semester 2011 How Theory Affects Education: A Microscope Perspective Nursing is a topic that covers a great deal of ground. It takes years to gain experience in nursing. The study of nursing theories helps one to take advantage of the experiences of others. The best way to examine something is under a microscope because it focuses one closely on the topic at hand. It can also show smaller parts of the whole. The microscope perspective is used to describe how theory functions in the nursing profession and in nursing education. It will also explain how nursing theory describes the nursing profession using this perspective. This perspective is important because it can help one to take a closer look at smaller parts of nursing. Examples are provided of how the Self- Care Deficit Theory views education from this perspective. The Self-Care Deficit Theory was chosen because it good framework for nursing school curriculum and helps to guide the author’s present nursing practice. Theory as a Microscope of Nursing Nursing theories contain concepts that take a closer look at the features of nursing related to nurses and clients. The relationships between and among the concepts form the structure of the theory. Theories are formed after concepts are named and validation occurs. Theory takes a closer look at the...
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