...John F. Kennedy played a significant role in more crises than one, specifically during the Cold War. A large portion of the Cold War crises consisted between the United States and the Soviet Union, which led to a worldwide fear of a nuclear war. John F. Kennedy entered his presidency during the midst of these crises, and decided that he needed to take the responsibility upon himself to handle the situations, resolve them, and preferably, avoid another high cost war, as the United States had just ended the second World War after Japan’s surrender. Throughout this essay, John F. Kennedy’s role during the Berlin Crisis is detailed. But, before the role of the President can be discussed, the reader must first understand the Berlin Crisis, and the...
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...If Poison Gas Can Go, Why Not Nukes? Summary James Carroll’s “If Poison Gas Can Go, Why Not Nukes?” is a rally for readers to support the elimination of nuclear weapons from acceptable military arsenal just like poison gas was banned. The author believes that just like chemical weapons were developed, used successfully in war and eventually abandoned so will nuclear weapons. Carroll believes that nuclear weapons are dangerous and can be used for enormous destruction. The author builds his arguments from a historical perspective. At the beginning of the 20th century when scientists were experimenting with new weapon technology, “poisonous weapons” were developed (Carroll 1). The world reacted by outlawing these weapons through the Hague Convention in 1907. However, this did not stop countries from developing and using chemical weapons in war. Germany and Britain used asphyxiating gas in World War I. While there were less than 100,000 casualties fewer than the millions cause by conventional military weapons, the chemical weapons still cause great concern in Europe. The author identifies a group of people he terms as “realists”. They represent strong opposition against the banning of effective military weapons. The realists were opposed to the abolition of the use of military weapons in the 1900s and are also against the abandonment of nuclear armament. The realists’ main argument is that nowhere in history have effective weapons been abandoned because the ultimate...
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...paths as to which even Bedau talks about Thoreau in his essay in regards to being “responsible” for your actions. The main premise of Bedau’s argument in his essay of “civil disobedience and personal responsibility for justice” is to compare the idea of what is civil disobedience and who is responsible for the actions. Bedau spends a great...
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...Mexican-American War Just or Unjust The territory that started a war. “Two times over the next nine years, Texas applied to the United States Congress for annexation.” Was the United States justified by going to war? Where the Mexican-American War could be viewed as just by some, and unjust by others, the war was ultimately just. The U.S. was just, in going to war with Mexico, because Texas wanted to be in the United States territory and their leader did not care. “The treaty signed between Texas and the United States” (Document C). Which means Texas wanted to be part of the U.S. Also, Manifest Destiny “Polk was a strong supporter of Manifest Destiny. He believed it was God’s plan, that America extent its territory all the way to the pacific...
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...Everyone is familiar with the state of armed conflict that is war, and for as long as there has been civilization there has been war. Upon first glance, Henry David Thoreau’s “The Battle of the Ants” seems like a simple descriptive story of a battle between two different species of ants, one red and one black, but if one were to further inspect the text, they could see that Thoreau uses the ants and their battle as a satirical allegory for human conflict. Thoreau chooses to use ants as a metaphor to make it clear to the reader that war is futile, pointless, and a waste of life. “The Battle of the Ants” begins with Thoreau casually walking out to his wood-pile as he stumbles upon the battle between the red ants and the black ants. After this, he compares these ants to humans, making the allegory apparent from the start. “It was the only battle which I have ever witnessed… On every side they were engaged in deadly combat, yet without any noise that I could hear, and human soldiers never fought so resolutely” (575). Thoreau uses hyperbole early in his essay to reinforce its anti-war theme as he describes the fighting ants to be in the middle of war. However, he implies that this war is miniscule by reminding the reader of its setting: a wood-yard. Thoreau goes on to describe an even smaller battle he witnesses between two ants, again, amid the chips, giving more scope to the idea that war is irrelevant compared to the broader schemes of the world. “I watched a couple that were...
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...Douglas Fung Mr. Braganca HRE-4M1 Saturday, March 9th, 2013 CPT Part A Annotated Bibliography Topic: #30. Ethical Response to Terrorism Essay Question / Thesis: According to the American Heritage Dictionary, terrorism is defined as the unlawful use of force or violence by a person or an organized group against people or property with the intention of intimidating or coercing societies or governments, often for ideological or political reasons. Has global terrorism escalated to an extent so that the ethical response to extremism is no longer a viable alternative; forcing global intervention and the active use of extreme measures in the name of peace keeping? Annotated Bibliography: Source #1: Cook, Martin L., Dr. “Ethical Issues in Counterterrorism Warfare.” Ethical Issues in Counterterrorism Warfare. Santa Clara University, Sept. 2001. Web. 09 Mar. 2013. <http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/ethicalperspectives/cook.html> The author of this essay, Dr. Martin L. Cook, is an Elihu Root Professor of Military Science and a Professor of Ethics under the Department of Command, Leadership and Management at the U.S. Army War College. Under the guidance of the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations, U.S. Army, Cook was asked to prepare this paper. Prior to his current position, Cook engaged his professional expertise at the Santa Clara University and taught under in the Department of Religious Studies. Cook’s paper first states that as...
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...the Iliad it is almost the exact opposite. This essay, through textual evidence as well as through arguments from authority, will show how the gods are in fact less moral than the humans. Often those who start or refuse to stop an unjust war are considered to be immoral people, or in the case of the Iliad as immoral gods. According to Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy on War, “War can be necessary and proportionate only if it serves an end worth all this death and destruction” (Lazar 3.1). Meaning war may be needed if there is a just reason and if the war will prevent even more catastrophe. The gods in the Iliad time and time again act immoral by provoking unjust wars and frequently encouraging wars to continue that are coming to an end, such as when Athena "stirs" the fighting at the wishes of Zeus, Zeus telling Athena to "Urge on the Danaans" (Book 17, 537-543). In the Iliad each god has their own self-serving plan for what they wish to happen and every one of them uses the...
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...nightmare A photo displayed on one of James Mason’s galleries— The War in Central Bosnia. The photo was named “The Unknown” and taken on the summer of 1993. A year before this, 1992, the Serbs attacked Bosnia. The destruction of war was tremendous: buildings were split open with their wires hanging outside, villages were burnt, and rivers of people were fleeing. Inside this seemingly moving picture, lies a stillness— a coffin, an open coffin. Its white sophisticated surface was dabbed with spots of rain from the grey above, dimming its reflections. A body lied inside, as the hoary clouds grow larger, hovering moistly above the mournful land. His hand was tied with his fists on his chest, like the pharaoh of ancient Egypt, symboling the immense power and wealth; or maybe, simply, for the convenience of burying. The word “Nepoznat” was narrowly engraved on two pieces of wood that were nailed on the apex of the coffin. Later I found out, it meant “The Unknown” in Croatian. The horrified expression was now gone from the man’s face. His eyes were closed like he was sleeping. He looked peaceful and relieved. To him, the war had left, the pain was gone and the suffer wouldn't bother him anymore. But, it was only because he was dead. While the world focused on Sarajevo (the capital of Bosnia), the real fighting was going on in villages and towns. Most of the time it wasn't even fighting, but murder by an army. The war was so cruel in Bosnia that it seemed only in death could...
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...Is learning about the World War II important? The Second World War (WW2) begun in 1939 and ended in 1945. Some of the background for the war was dissatisfaction and agreements, which nothing ensued from between different countries. Change of borders and areas, the Holocaust mass murdering and vandalism of the Jews, poles, gays, gypsies etc. Moreover, broken deals. Germany has the blame for much of this, but not all. However, is learning about how they made World War II happened, the people who was murdered and everything around it important? This essay is going to be about the Second World War and whether it is important to learn about or not. Twenty fifteen is a year were many things have happened all around the world. Wars, terrorism such as the terror group IS, environment problems and the list goes on. People have had to leave their homes and escape from their countries because of the wars or of the economy. Is it more important to learn about a war that happened 70 years ago rather than today's catastrophes? Like The War in Syria, where thousands of people have to flee and so many more people get murdered. Another example is all the environment problems around the world. Too much co2 emissions that causes ice to melt in Antarctic, which means that it becomes more difficult for the bears to find food. These two problems are things that is happening right now....
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...Warfare: An Invention— Not a Biological Necessity Margaret Mead Margret Mead writes an essay, “Warfare: An Invention-Not a Biological Necessity” to show us warfare and to summarize how warfare was invented. Throughout her essay, she writes of three different world views of warfare and how others might view it. She also shares her view on warfare and how other cultures have treated warfare. Mead shows us three different world views in this essay. The first view talks about an aggressive and competitive human nature who is down to the very basic of needs. Those who take this view Mead points out wish to outlaw war or at least find different ways of competing given that it is part of man’s nature to fight and go to war. The second view that Mead points out is that warfare is inevitable. Those who take this stance feel that there is a struggle for power and possessions unless we change our social system and completely change what we have between our lower class, middle class, and our higher class. They feel that if the classes simply disappear than there wouldn’t be any more problems. The third view that comes forth between the two major extremes is that each man’s biological determines his needs. When his needs are met because each culture had its own frustrations, war will be inevitable and natural. Moreover, Mead has her own view that she would like to share. She would like us to recognize that warfare can be between two groups as groups (and each groups fights...
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...In this essay I will argue that the ‘war on terror’ declared by the Bush administration and so assessed for the US; is not a just war. It fails in the central interrelated criteria of just cause and last resort for jus ad bellum, which I detail first through assessment of the Bush administration’s self-proclaimed just reasoning behind resorting to war against a concept, and the alternatives available to it, I will then detail its failure in the jus in bello criteria of discrimination and proportionality, reasoning through the case of drone warfare. Jus ad bellum I shall firstly focus on the crucial jus ad bellum principle of just cause, holding the only just cause for war to be self-defence . The USA and its allies suffered unjust, unprovoked terror attacks, notably to embassies and battleships, as well as ultimately the 9/11 disaster, and further possessed reputable evidence of other failed attacks. Thus this essay acknowledges that they were under-attack from a powerful and effective enemy, which could be reliably pinpointed as Al Qaeda. These attacks were focused on non-combatants in landmark locations; deliberate targeting for maximum terror spreading effect, which further represented an attack on western freedoms. Hence the assailant satisfied neither jus ad bellum, nor jus in bello, and without immediate and effective action there existed great potential for further unjust attacks. This was the Bush administration’s argument for sufficient reason to declare war in self-defence...
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...to: Use a variety of pre-writing activities to generate ideas, focus a topic, and formulate a method of developing an essay select and narrow an essay topic Slide 2 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING TOPIC OUTLINES TOPIC Introduction 1.1 Pre-writing 1.1.1 Steps in process writing 1.1.2 Analysing the topic/question- directive words 1.1.3 Selecting and narrowing an essay topic 1.2 Pre-writing strategies 1.2.1 Brainstorming methods 1.3 Reading and note taking strategies 1.3.1 Note taking skills Slide 3 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING INTRODUCTION TOPIC Slide 4 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.1 STEPS IN PROCESS WRITING The Writing Process TOPIC Slide 5 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.2 CHOOSING A QUESTION TOPIC If you have a choice of essay questions consider the following factors when deciding which essay to do: which topics interest you most? which topics have good resource materials available? which topics are most relevant to you personally or professionally? which topics might be easiest for you to write about? Slide 6 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.2 Analysing the topic/question- directive words TOPIC Slide 7 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.2 Analysing the topic/question- directive words TOPIC Slide 8 of 17 CHAPTER 1: PRE-WRITING 1.1.3 Selecting and narrowing an essay topic TOPIC • Choose a topic that isn’t too narrow (limited, brief). A narrow topic will not have enough ideas to write...
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...States in the Revolutionary War against Great Britain. However, did something positive result from his treachery? Lori J. Ducharme and Gary Alan Fine certainly believe so. These authors, in their article, “The Construction of Nonpersonhood and Demonization: Commemorating the Traitorous Reputation of Benedict Arnold,” are trying to say that Benedict Arnold was just as important to America as a war hero... And not just because he actually was one before his betrayal. The authors are trying to prove that he may have helped America more than he realized, albeit unintentionally. And no matter how hard it is to believe or how much we may not want to accept it, Benedict Arnold was a great example to the people of the United States of America. The authors give their evidence for the argument by breaking down their entire thought process. First, one must “uncover the values for which a society stands” (Page 1). Then, they must compare the actions of the individual to the beliefs of the society as a whole. In a time of war against their fatherland to be separate and recognized, national pride was high. Betraying this nationality, as Benedict Arnold did, would be an absolutely unforgivable sin. The evidence given seems authentic, as many references are made to other texts and even records from the time. All these sources come together to very efficiently support the purpose of the essay. Regarding the knowledge required to understand the essay, there were a few things that...
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...The Dichotomy of War According to Freud our life is played out in two different, opposing forces. One of them, Eros, is the drive for sex, love, and self-preservation, whereas the other is known as Thanatos, the drive for death and self-destruction. It is the yin and yang of motivations and urges. Put simply, Eros wants us to live and struggle through and with pain and suffering; Thanatos prefers to end it all with death, the equalizer, the dark force, the state of constant peace, calm and rest. My father, a 66 year old retired plumber, is a Vietnam vet seeking treatment for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder for the first time in his life. He has two purple hearts and a plethora of mal-adaptive coping skills which have come rather pronounced in his golden years. He lives on a 117 acre ranch in Ellensburg, Washington. His home is off-grid meaning he is not connected to any public utilities and produces his own energy and his home is completely self-sufficient. Most would say this is a remote way of living. Some would say it’s a form of isolation. With all of this privacy at his fingertips, my father still chooses to venture out into the wilderness for days at a time by himself, with his rifle. There is no question in my mind that war gave my father purpose and meaning that is still a part of his identity today but in ways he still doesn’t fully comprehend. As a result of his war experience, he felt pulled in both directions of Eros and Thanatos; the will to survive and the...
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...The accounts of the Civil War are told in numerous ways throughout the times of history from many viewpoints. We see diaries of soldiers, elite white women, and some slaves. However, there are few accounts from the civilian point of view or the comparisons between how average groups in each section felt and acted. Even though civilians were affected by the Civil War the most, their accounts are not put at the forefront of historical documents of this time. Southerners had to go through the crumbling of not only the institution of slavery, but the downfall of their economical and social aspects as well. Northerners had to deal with their society ever changing and the holding to their values. The civilians who lived along the border states were...
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