...THE EFFECT OF THINK ALOUD STRATEGY TOWARD STUDENTS READING SKILL: STUDY AT 9TH GRADE SMP NEGERI 19 MATARAM IN ACADEMIC YEAR 2013/2014 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This chapter presents the discussion on the background of the study, statement of the problems, objective of the study, scope and limitation of the study, significance of the study, assumption of the study, and definition of key terms. 1.1. Background of the Problem Language is one of the most important things in communication and it is used as a toll of communication among the nations in all over the world. As an international language, English is very important and has many interrelationships with various aspects of life owned by human being. In Indonesia, English considered as the first foreign language and taught formally from elementary school up to the university level. The most often become to complain is the teachers ability in applying appropriate approaches, methods, strategies or techniques in teaching or learning. So, many students are not interest in learning English. Therefore, the English teach suggested in order to be able mastering of method, such as, Nababan (1991: 4) notices that a qualified teacher is the teacher who is able to suit best method or technique to the material that is being taught. In English, there are four skills that should be mastered, they are: listening, speaking, reading, and writing. The reading skill becomes very important in the education field, students need to be exercised...
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... Wall Street Journal Slate New York Post Newsweek Washington Times US News and World Report Heritage Foundation Politico PJTV (Pajamas TV) New Yorker American Thinker Mother Jones American Spectator ACLU Forbes Harpers Stanford Review CBS Rush Limbaugh New York Times FOX News NBC (especially MSNBC) The American Conservative Mostly Centrist with Occasional Slant Libertarian CNN ACLU CSPAN (just shows the event) Ludwig Von Mises Reuters Reason Magazine PBS CATO Institute Real Clear Politics (both perspectives) Ayn Rand Foundation John Stossel, Reporter Milton Friedman,Economics Respected Think Tanks Always check their mission statement for bias or perspective, but these are known for accuracy in research even if they do cardstack and/or research from a biased perspective. They are helpful in stacking your case with relevant facts. Conservative Heritage Foundation Citizens Against Government Waste Media Research Center TownHall.com (A branch of Heritage Foundation) Republican National Committee National Federation of Republican Women American Enterprise Institute Hoover Institution Family Research Council Manhattan Institute Hudson Institute Washington...
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...Reading Strategies for Ninth Grade English Language Learners Vanessa S. McQueen Student Number: 000-02-7502 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements with the Degree with Masters in Reading with Concentration in Inclusive Education The College of The Bahamas October 2013 Abstract Research in the field of reading strategies has been conducted repeatedly to ascertain the effectiveness of these strategies in assisting English Language Learners (ELL) to construct meaning from texts. However, little research has been done in The Bahamas to determine what Bahamian educators can do to support second language learners in their classrooms. This paper assesses: 1. The impact of Sustained Silent Reading on comprehension for ELLs 2. The impact of Think Aloud and Read Aloud on reading comprehension for ELLs. This research suggests that the use of these strategies can play an important role in students’ abilities to read and comprehend texts on their own. Direct instruction and modeling of the think aloud strategies increased the students’ confidence levels and the likelihood that they will use the strategies on their own. Key words: English Language Learners, Sustained Silent Reading, Teacher Think Aloud, Comprehension, Scaffolding, Schema, Prior Knowledge Reading Strategies for English Language Learners In the past ten years, The Bahamas has seen a significant increase in...
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...classroom. What management strategies or procedures did you use with the students? Since this was the first transition that I did on my own, I was a bit nervous. Since I wasn’t taking the class very far, it was hard to think of strategies to use for just a short period...
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...Two instructional approaches: language and literature based are presented as approaches that would be included in the plan. These approaches will aid in the plan giving a glimpse of how the lessons will be implemented. Explanations of approaches show how they will benefit the program and students learning. These approaches are then compared to components of balanced literacy, based on where they fit in the framework. As a teacher my personal beliefs will be discussed about how I think students learn best through interactive lessons and examples. Introduction A Balanced Literacy program helps to create an environment that fosters the necessary language and phonic develop that students need in literacy. Through balanced literacy it will instill in students the necessary reading skills that they need in order to grow into proficient readers. Balanced literacy is made up of five different components that cater to individual needs for students to become lifelong readers. These components are the read aloud, guided reading, shared reading, independent reading, and word study. Researchers of education have stated that successful implementation of a balanced literacy program has to be teacher directed and have activities for students focused on their needs. In this paper it will address a balanced literacy program that will fit the needs of a second grade group of students. The program will implement the components of reading, writing, and language/word study. While also acknowledging...
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...to students’ individual needs. I also teach cross curriculum allowing students to build from each core subject. During the lesson I use hands-on activities to capture the student’s attention and make learning more interested and fun. Modeling with different graphic organizers is a strategic strategy used to measure the students understanding of the skill taught. Key strategies are very essential when teaching a literacy class. I always have students to write down the before, during, and after strategy used in each lesson. For example, I use the KWL chart to access the student’s prior knowledge, what they want to learn as well as what they have learn. Next, I used a semantic strategy during the lesson assessing the student’s vocabulary growth. Finally, most importantly the after strategy “Ticket out the Door” students share on a sticky note what they have learned or answer to question related to the lesson. As a 5th grade basic social teacher I found that it is very important to use read aloud to keep the students energized and it also increase the student’s literacy growth. According to the article “The Importance of Reading Aloud for All Children a classroom that uses read aloud on a daily basic develops an increase in the student’s oral language. I used this to help students collaborate with each other. This is a...
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...3A Dr. Pedro D. Abanador Problem : Factors Affecting Reading Comprehension of Students Solutions: A. Interactive 1. Story Retelling 2. Story Grammar Training 3. Question-Answer 4. Reading Tutorial 5. Recitation B. Self-Enrichment 1. Inferring 2. Synthesizing 3. Summarization 4. Paraphrasing Strategy 5. Repeated Readings C. Assessment 1. Giving exam 2. Giving assignments 3. Book report 4. Impromptu Speech 5. Story Mapping INTERACTIVE Story Retelling Retelling is a reading skill that demonstrates comprehension. Retelling is the ability to read or listen to a story, then summarize it in paraphrased form. Children begin learning the basics of retelling in kindergarten where teachers start to informally assess the students' overall understanding of a story. Retelling is a useful assessment tool throughout school because it can measure simple to advanced comprehension, as well as help the students improve their listening and speaking skills. Instructions 1. Review retelling strategy. Model it again for those who may struggle. Read a short story aloud to the class, then summarize the important details in the correct sequence. Write each summarizing statement on chart paper. Number the statements so students understand how to retell in the order that events happened. 2. Choose an instructional level text, like a short story from a reading book or a chapter from a novel, that is leveled...
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...3-12 Reading Strategies 3-12 Reading Strategies __________________________________________________________________________________ VIRGINIA P. ROJAS Language Education Consultant (732) 940-1860 VPRojas@aol.com 3-12 Reading Strategies Anticipation Guides (Barton & Heidema, 2000) - Anticipation guides have two columns labeled ‘me’ and ‘text.’ Before reading the text, students place a check next to any statement with which they agree. After reading the text, students compare their opinions with information contained in the text. Examples: An example for a math anticipation guide on statistics might look like the following: Me ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Text ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1. There are several kinds of averages for a set of data. 2. The mode is the middle number in a set of data. 3. Range tells how far apart numbers in a data set can be. 4. Outliers are always ignored. 5. Averages are always given as percentages. An example for a science anticipation guide on matter might look like the following: Me ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Text ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Matter is made up of elements. An element is made up of many different atoms. An element is the same thing as a compound. Most compounds are made up of molecules. Elements are represented by chemical symbols. Check Those Facts! (Stephens & Brown, 2005) - This strategy serves a dual purpose: to help students become better judges of internet information and to allow students to explore an area of interest related to...
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...Content Area Connection Marci L. Kennison RDG: 585 June 3, 2014 Introduction The Civil Rights Movement reached its peak in the 1950s and 1960s. An abundance of unfair events created a desire to secure equality for all Americans. Numerous historical leaders poured their lives into fighting for the basic privileges and rights of U.S. citizenship. Many African-American men and women, along with whites, organized and led the movement to fight against injustice. The eight resources below provide information about several historical leaders that made an impact on the Civil Rights Movement. These resources may be used to create assignments to help students develop a deeper understanding of the Civil Rights Movement. Furthermore, students will benefit from meaningful classroom discussions about these heroic leaders. Important People There are numerous well-known historical figures that influenced the Civil Rights Movement leading up to the signing of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is probably one of the most powerful leaders involved in the fight for civil rights. Coretta Scott King worked and marched alongside her husband, Dr. King and continued his fight for justice after his death. In addition, Thurgood Marshall became the first African-American judge on the Supreme Court appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson. In 1947, Jackie Robinson became the first African-American to...
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...instructional strategies that meet the needs of students and meet the requirements of a balanced literacy program. The following information shares 12 instructional procedures to be used in a third grade classroom. The procedures are from the Tompkins’ Compendium shared in the text Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach (6th ed.). Introduction Meeting the literacy needs of diverse students can be an overwhelming task. Teachers need to have well organized and well prepared lessons that allow students to focus on developing their literacy skills. Literacy lessons that include specific strategies designed to support literacy instruction through a variety of approaches leads to successful readers. The goal of each lesson is to increase student’s literacy success while supporting their literacy needs. To help support third grade literacy skills a teacher can use several, if not all, of the instructional procedures shared in Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach by Gail E. Tompkins, 2014. Annotated and Abbreviated List of Tompkins’ Literacy Instructional Procedures [All entries have been adapted from Tompkins (2014) Literacy for the 21st Century: A Balanced Approach (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson with the intent of applying the procedures in a third grade classroom] Guided Reading Uses: Explicit Instruction Purpose: To support students with decoding and reading comprehension learn reading strategies and become...
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...Practice Final Exam Eng-092 Part 1: In this section of the final exam, you will be asked questions about Active Reading Strategies. You will need to know the definitions of each one in order to answer the questions on the final exam. As a way of preparing, test your knowledge of each strategy by defining or describing each one in the space below. Prediction Questioning/Wondering Summarizing Visualizing Making Connections Part 2: Read the following passage in the left column. In the Think-Aloud section in the right column, read the thoughts of someone who has already read this passage. Next, in each blank, identify the reading strategy this reader activated while reading the passage, “Chicago and Cleveland.” Chicago and Cleveland (1) Chicago, at the southern tip of Lake Michigan, is a port city.(2) It is also an important commercial (3) and industrial center of the Midwest. It is well known for its educational, cultural, and recreational centers. Chicago draws thousands to its concert halls, art museums, and sports arenas.(4) Cleveland, on the south shore of Lake Erie, is also a port city and a commercial and industrial center important to its area (5). Like Chicago, it has several important educational, cultural, and recreational centers. It has colleges and universities, and a distinguished (6) symphony orchestra. It has one of the finest art museums of the world, and many recreational centers. The location of the two cities contributed to their growth...
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...My current reflective and revising strategies that I use when writing are online writing tools, and rereading my writing aloud. The benefits of reading aloud my writing are to make sure the order of ideas in a paper to make sense, see grammatical mistakes, and gaps in your explanation. Therefore, rereading my writing will help me to edit, change, add, and delete information on my papers. While taking English course at Mission College, I have learned that revision is the process of returning to a previously drafted piece of writing to incorporate feedback, add on, and refine specific elements of the assignment. In addition, revising builds my understanding of writing as a process that is ongoing, reflective, and nuanced, and can facilitate self-assessment and academic goal setting....
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...EDU 2120: ASSESSMENT OF READING FINAL EXAM MARVIN ADDITIONAL ASSESSMENTS TO BE GIVEN: 1. Developmental Reading Assessment 2. Silent Reading Comprehension Test B 3. Word Meaning Test I believe the above assessments would be helpful in identifying and understanding some of Marvin’s difficulties with reading. The Developmental Reading Assessment assesses not only decoding, but also allows the instructor to observe and assess the reading strategies and miscues of a reader (i.e., omissions, repetitions, substitutions, etc.). Marvin states that his only strategies for reading unfamiliar words are “breaking the words down” and “asking”. Administering the DRA can help to see if Marvin is displaying any use of other strategies that maybe he is not aware that he is using. The DRA also allows for the assessment of fluency and comprehension. Since, Marvin believes that his main reading problem is comprehension, this is a good way to check if he has correctly assessed himself. The Silent Reading Comprehension Test is an alternate method of assessing Marvin’s comprehension skills. This test will be able to give the instructor an idea of Marvin’s instructional reading level. And finally, a Word Meaning Test could be administered to give an idea of Marvin’s vocabulary development. SUGGESTED READING PROGRAM According to Marvin’s educational history, he has been mostly exposed to instruction that included closed tasks, limited choices in what...
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...began to connect words to items and ideas. The stage know as beginning literacy children learn phoneme-grapheme correspondences as they begin to decode and spell words. I work with my kindergartener everyday helping her practice her sight words and singing her songs to spell her colors. The stage known as fluent literacy children have learned how to read and write and now can concentrate more on comprehension in reading and composing paragraphs in writing. 3.) Some strategies teachers use in teaching reading and writing are shared reading, the language experience approach and interactive writing. Shared reading is an interactive reading experience that occurs when students join in or share the reading of a big book or other text while guided by a teacher. Cross-aged reading buddies is another way teachers use shared reading. This is when older students are paired up with younger students to read to each other .I think this is a very effective strategy to help younger children become more confident in reading aloud. These...
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...a combination of four scores are used to determine one’s learning style. The VARK questionnaire provides a combination of four scores. The four scores the VARK questionnaire analyses are visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic. A VARK profile is a combination of these four scores and gives one a learning preference. It also allows a person to see the varieties in learning preferences. The majority of people have a multimodal learning preference. In a multimodal learning style, multiple preferences are used while learning. A combination of any of the four scores may make up one’s learning style. Some people learn best using an aural learning preference. These people learn best by hearing the information aloud. They learn to take notes and then recite the information aloud. A person with an aural learning style learns best when they are able to hear directions and speak the answers. Others learn best by the kinesthetic learning style. Kinesthetic learners are also known as tactile learners. This means that they learn best by doing the task to be done. They tend to have good hand-eye coordination. (Mayer, R.E. 2001) My preferred learning style is the multimodal learning style. Approximately 60% of the population has this learning style. The multimodal learning style means that multiple preferences are used when learning. After completing the VARK questionnaire, four scores are given to assess one’s personal learning preference. Any combination of the four VARK scores can be...
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