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Think Fast and Slow

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PENSAR RÁPIDO, PENSAR DESPACIO

Libro del autor Daniel Kahneman, nacido en Tel Aviv en 1934; catedrático de psicología y ganador de Premio Nobel de Economía en 2002. Se hizo acreedor a este merecimiento por sus investigaciones de psicología en ciencias matemáticas. Pensar rápido, pensar despacio; es un libro que trata los juicios y la toma de decisiones de las personas.

El libro se basa en el Sistema 1 y el Sistema 2, ¿Qué representa cada uno de ellos? Conforme vamos avanzando con la lectura del mismo, encontraremos la relación de la psicología con la estadística y nos llevará a cuestionarnos por qué nos resulta difícil pensar estadísticamente. También como punto destacado del libro, está un sesgo cognitivo muy importante donde prevalece el control que tenemos de nuestras vidas y nos hacemos esta pregunta ¿el optimismo nos protege de tomar malas decisiones? Estas son algunas de las ideas que más me llamaron la atención y de las cuales daré mi punto de vista según lo que he comprendido de la lectura de “Pensar rápido, pensar despacio”.

El Sistema 1 y Sistema 2 son dos “personajes” importantes de este libro; el Sistema 1 es rápido, automático, emocional y subconsciente, opera casi sin ningún esfuerzo. Por otra parte tenemos al Sistema 2 que es lento, lógico, consciente, éste sistema requiere atención y esfuerzo.

Muchas veces, reaccionamos frente a algo de manera rápida, sin pensar demasiado; este es el trabajo del Sistema 1 que indica que no se necesita ni mucha atención ni esfuerzo para llegar a una conclusión.

Todas las personas disponemos de un presupuesto de atención, lo que en algunos casos nos hace ciegos a lo evidente porque la atención, para algunos, es muy baja; el Sistema 2 requiere de mucha atención que a veces es perturbada y nos lleva a realizar mal alguna acción; sin duda alguna necesita un grado de esfuerzo mayor que el requerido o no en el Sistema 1.

Este libro es muy bueno porque mezcla la psicología con la estadística, a muchos nos resulta difícil pensar estadísticamente lo que puede ser que nos lleve a fallar en los probables resultados. Pensamos para el momento y no nos detenemos a pensar que si emitimos un juicio que tan probable es que éste suceda.
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Acerca del optimismo en las personas, es un tema muy importante y que realmente me llamó la atención dado que lo relacioné directamente a los conocimientos que he adquirido sobre el análisis de carteras, financieramente hablando.

Kahneman nos menciona sobre un ‘sesgo optimista omnipresente’, que a mi parecer es lo que nos ayuda a controlar nuestras acciones del día a día. Dice que los optimistas son más fuertes psicológicamente y, que según Kahneman, protege de una aversión a la pérdida: que temen más perder que ganar.

Este tema lo relaciono bastante cuando se trata de inversionistas adversos al riesgo; que son los que escogerán carteras con riesgos menores aunque obtengan una rentabilidad o rendimiento bajo, prefieren no tener riesgos y si los tiene, pues deberá obtener un rendimiento más alto.

En nuestro día a día siempre vamos a pensar optimistamente y no nos encajaremos en el hecho de que me esfuerzo no mucho con tal de recibir un poco de reconocimiento, en lugar de darlo todo con la mentalidad de que lograremos más de lo que esperamos.

El optimismo es lo que nos ayuda a no tomar malas decisiones puesto que, nos protege de la aversión al riesgo o pérdida y nos lleva a ser más arriesgados psicológicamente.

Finalmente, llego a la conclusión de que ambos sistemas de pensamiento son muy importantes y que muchos no teníamos conocimiento de ellos ni de sus funciones, pensar estadísticamente es algo que debe ser parte de nuestro diario vivir para evaluar los probables resultados de acciones que realicemos y que el optimismo es lo que nos hace fuerte psicológicamente para arriesgarnos a más.

Es un libro que me agradó mucho porque me motivó a pensar diferente y ver las cosas desde la perspectiva de que en un futuro, no muy lejano, seré una profesional que necesita pensar estratégicamente tomando riesgos para obtener lo que me he planteado.

Bibliografía: * Pensar rápido, pensar despacio. KAHNEMAN Daniel. 2011. Farrar, Straus & Giroux Editorial. * http://es.wikipedia.org. Pensar rápido, pensar despacio.

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