...Terrorism has changed the role of intelligence in law enforcement. Borders have higher security and surveillance. People don’t have as much privacy as they used to. Phone calls, texts, emails are being recorded for safety purposes. Technology has improved. Law enforcement uses high, new technology. Before 9/11 things were different, people weren’t recorded without suspicious acts. For safety purposes the people in United States gave up some of their rights. Travel record is huge and airports have all kind of different scanners and cameras. In general, law enforcement has more control over the people and their daily activities. People are being watched, bank accounts are controlled, and phone calls are recorded, which means American’s way of...
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...Compare and contrast the pre and post 9/11 law enforcement response to terrorism. What strategies could be implemented to increase future law enforcement capability in countering terrorism? Andrew McAdam Student Number: Word Count: “Things will never be the same.” (Miller, Stone & Mitchell, 2002, p. 3) Law enforcement has undergone dramatic changes as a result of the devastating events in the United States on 11 September 2001 (9/11). This essay will examine how law enforcement, specifically within Australia, has shifted its policies and strategies to fight the post-9/11 terrorist threat. An analysis of police actions towards terrorist related incidents since 9/11, displays how law enforcement agencies have demonstrated their ability to respond to the various threats of terrorism as they arise. “Since 2001, numerous terrorist attacks have been thwarted in Australia. Thirty-eight people have been prosecuted as a result of counter-terrorism operations and 20 people have been convicted of terrorism offences under the Criminal Code.” (Counter-Terrorism White Paper, 2010, p. ii) Australia’s State and Federal policing agencies have ‘a long tradition of reactive patrol’ (White, 2012, p. 487) However, uniformed policing plays an important role in counter-terrorism operations. Due to their knowledge and close working relationships within the local community, police are in the best position to detect and prevent terrorist actions from occurring. “So far, terrorist attempts in...
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...Law 10 – May – 2010 Terrorism Is No Longer A Threat To The U.S. Since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, many experts claimed that it only proves the vulnerability of the United States to big and devastating terrorists attacks. This means that even the United States is considered as the most powerful country in the world not only in terms of economic sustainability but also in military and intelligence capabilities, terrorists still can able to do terrorism acts to the country (Scheppler, 2005). Despite of this factor, it leads to the conclusion during those times that terrorism becomes a big threat to the peace and order, and security of the people of the United States. Generally, the even wanted to show that terrorism is a big threat that needs to be addressed by every country in the world. Today, due to the different efforts and actions made by the United States government since the 9/11 terrorist attacks, it was been claimed that terrorism is no longer a threat for the country. The different laws, programs, and the way the laws were implemented was claimed an effective effort to proactively avoid and eliminate the risk to once again attacked by any terrorists groups. This study will discussed and give points about the different efforts made the United States government in order to eliminate any threat of terrorists attacks in the country. Different points will be discussed and how it contributes to the conclusion that terrorism is no longer a threat to the country. ...
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...across borders and across the globe, all in the pursuit to protect our freedom and the American way of life. There have been many threats against the American pursuit of freedom that started with the Revolutionary War, a young nation fighting to break away from a nation of strength. Then our battle over land expansion and the taking of the land from the Native Americans, some perceived them as savages or maybe even terrorist. Then we turned to secure our borders to prevent other nations from coming into our nation and grabbing up land. Then our pursuit of freedom expanded the globe and with other nations as we assisted in the attempt to spread democracy in countries struggling to become nations. In this attempt, there have been many enemies formed that despise the US and the pursuit of freedom. This has become a major concern of the US and on September 11, 2001, this concern became a reality. How could something so devastating be carried out against a world-leading nation? What was wrong with the infrastructure and how could it be fixed to prevent other terrorist attacks. The answer was to form a department in the federal government that would have the power to act and the power to share intelligence information. Terrorism and US Threats The FBI defines terrorism as “violent acts or acts dangerous to human life that violate federal or state law; appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; to influence the policy if a government by intimidation or...
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...has been to consolidate multiple agencies under one department, including: law enforcement, first responders, training, internet technology (IT), human resources, and many other supporting agencies into one organization, capable of providing emergency response, disaster relief, with the fundamental purpose of- protecting this nation, its Critical Infrastructure Key Resources (CIKR), for instance - borders, waterways, airways, along with its citizens from terrorist threats, attacks, and natural disasters. The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, were not the only attacks on this country, although to this point, have proven to...
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...followed the 9/11 attacks many problems were revealed within the criminal justice system, especially those affecting the law enforcement community. One of those problems was the lack of interaction between the police departments and other local/state law enforcement with the federal law enforcement agencies. Local law enforcement agencies are the primary responders to any incident of crime or terror, therefore developing a better interagency collaboration in order to share information is essential in order to prevent future attacks. Prior to the 9/11 attacks many of the agencies believed in keeping information within their own realm due to protocols and security clearances. These criminal justice agencies each had pieces to a puzzle, but because these agencies never worked together, those pieces would never be put together to reveal the bigger picture. The 9/11 events revealed the lack of interaction and set about a positive change that would impact the way the criminal justice system approached their problem solving. One of those changes was the reorganization of the federal law enforcement agencies, including the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and the Transportation Security Administration (Brown, 2007). Another positive change was the reorganization of federal, state, and local governments for the purpose of increased information intelligence and sharing. Despite the positives changes that occurred to improve interagency collaboration, there were several...
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...Unit 3 Assignment 1: Federal, State, and Local Counter Terrorism Databases, Agencies, and Resources Explain the purpose of having fusion centers. A variety of partners from state to federal agencies protecting communities from violent crime by gathering, analyzing, and sharing threat information. These centers give the local officers access to intelligence for their use in the communities they protect. Not only do these centers help local and state, but they also help the federal government to better support local efforts. Do you believe that fusion centers promote the practice of information sharing between multiple agencies? Why or why not? I feel they do because they bring together multiple agencies to provide local agencies with national...
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...centers were developed post 9/11 so that multiple agencies could exchange information among other agencies. What happened prior to and after 9/11 allowed the United States to see that agencies were not communicating and even though they had received warnings they did not know that an terrorist attack would have happened in the United States. It is of importance that different agencies has communication with each other so that if one receives information then everyone else can be aware of the information too. Interagency Collaboration The importance of fusion centers is that they develop and distribute products that utilizes the assistance of local entities leading up national-level information by sharing critical state and local intelligence and information with the federal government and amongst each other. This became very important after 9/11. The tragic incident that occurred on 9/11 is a pivotal point in the changes that have come into existence due to the national security of the United States. This incident allowed the agencies to become more forthcoming about information that may have been acquired that would have benefitted everyone as a whole if all the agencies had access to the information. Federal mechanisms that have contributed to the interagency collaboration and efforts, include the President, appointing a coordinator and the various agencies. They have the mechanisms that are used and are addressed as range of purpose including policy and development programs...
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...Law Enforcement Today CSJ / 200 In a time of transition, the National Security Strategy provides a broad overview of the role of the United States in the world, somehow, is more ambitious than any of those listed, which were more concerned about the particular threat of Islam terrorism, the war in Iraq and the goal of advancing freedom. While still focused on these problems even reformulated, also seeks to extend the notion of security, argued against the divisions between domestic and foreign affairs. For some this may seem like a smart move to get new supporters in his ambitious domestic agenda. But this way of thinking expressed in the document, but nothing reveals a strategy designed to tackle a complex world of multiple relationships between different themes and types of power. The Department of Homeland Security of the United States is one of the most important agencies of the Government of the United States and under their responsibility to protect the nation from any terrorist attack or natural disaster. This Department was created by merging other agencies and after the attacks of September 11. The responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security is protecting our borders, prevent terrorism, securing cyberspace and direct care in emergency situations, where there have been important steps. Since 2008, the NSA has implemented a system to help monitor the computer networks of U.S. federal...
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...disasters. The supposition of the question is that man-made terrorist attacks are the same as the act-of-God created natural disasters. I take the position that they are both the same, each an act-of-God, one expressed through a person and the second through a typhoon, earthquake, or climate change. I agree with Peter Katel, the U.S. is experiencing a false sense of security through two unrelated views of terrorist attacks. The first is the threat from terrorist attacks from foreign nations or non-state actors. The the U.S. population readily identifies with al Qaeda, Boko Haram, or the Islamic State; groups with notional identities recognized through dress, language, or religions affiliation. The U.S perception of these groups is negative and all collective efforts should be undertaken to prevent their access to the...
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... American policing in today’s society looks quite different from past policing; in fact, the law enforcement structure of the United States been called the most complex system in the world (Schmalleger 2011). There are three major components that exist within the legislative and judicial jurisdictions in the United States; they are federal, state, and local agencies. Each of these jurisdictions has created and designated different police agencies to enforce their laws. Although, they all work to enforce laws to keep citizens safe, the uniformity between the agencies is not so bonded. The function, authority and or even the naming of the agencies are all separately decided. In an already complicated system, it is becoming complex with the growth of private security firms; they operate on a for-profit basis and provide services that have traditionally been regarded as law enforcement activities (Schmalleger 2011). The Federal Bureau of Investigation known in short as the FBI is a federal agency and just might be the most known and recognized law enforcement agency in the world. The FBI has been around for about 100 years. It started off as the Bureau of Investigation in 1908. The FBI main objective today is as follows “The Mission of the FBI is to protect and defend the United States against terrorist and foreign intelligence threats; to uphold and enforce the criminal laws of the United States; and to provide leadership and criminal justice services to federal, state...
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...Information Systems 1. Criminal Justice Information System (CJIS) - the focal point and central repository for criminal justice information services in the FBI. It is the largest Division within the FBI. Programs that were initially consolidated under the CJIS Division include the National Crime Information Center (NCIC), Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR), and Fingerprint Identification. 2. National Crime Information Center (NCIC) 2000 - is a nationwide information system dedicated to serving and supporting criminal justice agencies -- local, state, and federal -- in their mission to uphold the law and protect the public. Its predecessor, NCIC, was established in 1967. NCIC 2000 serves criminal justice agencies in all 50 states, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, and Canada, as well as federal agencies with law enforcement missions. NCIC 2000 provides a major upgrade to those services provided by NCIC, and extends these services down to the patrol car and mobile officer. 3. Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System (IAFIS) - is a national fingerprint and criminal history system maintained by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS) Division. The IAFIS provides automated fingerprint search capabilities, latent searching capability, electronic image storage, and electronic exchange of fingerprints and responses, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. 4....
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...Kingdom and quickly dispersed to other European countries (Abadinsky, 2014). Raves vary in size and are generally announced in circulars and distributed in clubs, on the internet and music stores (Abadinsky, 2014). Raves are secretive high energy all night private dance parties with choreographed neon or laser lights and techno music (U.S. Department of Justice: National Drug Intelligence Center, 2001). Drugs have become a fundamental part of the rave culture (The Federal Bureau of Investigation, n.d.). Raves are trendy among teenagers and young adults (U.S. Department of Justice--National Drug Intelligence Center, 2001). Raves are energetic, all-night dance parties,...
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...White 1 The Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a federal law enforcement agency under the United States Department of Justice. Their main goal is to combat drug smuggling in the United States. The DEA is the lead agency for domestic enforcement of the Controlled Substances Act, sharing coexisting jurisdiction with the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) and also Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). Unlike some federal agencies, the DEA has a sole responsibility for coordinating and pursuing drug investigations not only on American soil but abroad as well. The DEA was formed on July 1, 1973 proceeded by the Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs and the Office of Drug Abuse Law Enforcement. It proposed the creation of a single...
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...ISRAELI TARGETED KILLINGS Sarah Arrasmith INTL 614 - Assassination October 25, 2014 "Consequently, today's threat is just a real from seven thousand miles away as it is from ten feet away," Michelle Mallette-Piasecki, Albany Law Review, 2013. In 1995, Yahya 'Ayyash, otherwise known as "The Engineer," and an expert terror planner for Hamas, answered his last phone call. The Israelis had laden the phone with explosives and detonated while he was carrying it ( Luft, 2003, 2). In that same year Fathi Shiqaqi, the spearhead of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, who had organized several suicide bombings against Israelis, received fatal gunshot wounds by Mossad, the often mythical Israeli Intelligence (Luft, 2003, 2). These were not the first nor last targeted killings performed by the State of Israel yet are signatures of Israel's propensity and tenacity to not fall victim to terror attacks. The history of violence and threats inflicted by terror groups and nations against the state of Israel has lead to Israel's development of tenacious military and intelligence capabilities. Due to its geopolitical disadvantage, Israel must utilize aggressive and resilient tactics against terror groups, state, and non-state actors. Are targeted killings a necessary resort? Are other enforcement and intelligence strategies just as effective? Israel has propagated targeted killings as effective and credits this action with saving more lives of the innocent while reducing terrorist incidents...
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