...Health Economic Costs of Tobacco Smoking in Canada [Name of the Writer] [Name of the Institution] Health Economic Costs of Tobacco Smoking in Canada Introduction This paper is about the use of tobacco in Canada. The paper will also identify the economic and health costs of using tobacco in Canada. There will also be a discussion of tobacco smoking prevention. The paper will follow a proper pattern. There are several concerns about tobacco smoking in Canada. The government is very concern about this issue and working really hard to get rid of this dangerous habit. The Canadian population is addict to this unhealthy habit of tobacco smoking (Albert Health Services, 2012). Discussion Tobacco smoking is really injurious to health. The smoke of tobacco contains several dangerous chemical. These chemicals are injurious to both smokers and nonsmokers. There are more than 7,000 chemicals in the tobacco smoke. Al large amount of them, around 250 chemicals, are very harmful. These harmful chemicals include carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, and ammonia. The habit of tobacco smoking is very dangerous for health. It affects almost every organ and part of the body. The ultimate impact of smoking is the diminishing of overall health (Propel, 2012). Health Consequences of Smoking There are millions of Canadian who smoking has caused lots of problems. It is also the primary cause of cancer. This cancer even leads to death. It cause causes to several parts...
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...Controversy in marketing Contents Introduction 3 Controversy in Marketing 3 Reasons of Controversies 4 Effects of Advertising Agency 5 Conclusion 6 Bibliography 7 Appendices 8 Introduction Advertisers in their mission to gain the customers attention use bold formats to high light their products and in this mission of theirs they often push the boundaries of the society. For example, Calvin Klein since 1980 is promoting nudity and is always in controversies due to their bold advertisements. (Arneas, 2005). Secondly many liquor companies and smoking companies hire famous sportsmen for advertising their product, these sportsmen’s are treated as heroes by the children and they follow them blindly. (Mvivo, 2012) Advertisements are created by the advertising agencies that at times purposefully or innocently make advertisements which become controversial and result in government implementing restrictions on the advertising of such products. (Waller & Fam, 2000).A products fate depends on the strategies which are adopted for marketing. Hence in today’s global and international marketing the most faced challenge which needs proper organization and planning is the advertising of the product, how is it executed, what hinders its progress and what advertising strategy can help it grow. This paper aims to make a report about the reasons, impacts and solutions to deal with marketing controversy. In addition this paper also aims to help the advertising agencies...
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...Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada School of Sociology, Building 22, Hayden Allen Building, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Background: Over the past year or so, electronic cigarettes, more commonly known as ‘e-cigarettes’, have achieved widespread visibility and growing popularity. These products, which deliver nicotine via an inhaled mist, have caused no small amount of controversy in public health circles, and their rise has been accompanied by energetic debate about their potential harms and benefits. Methods: Interspersed with an analysis of current media coverage on e-cigarettes and the response of mainstream tobacco control and public health to these devices, this article examines the emergence of nicotine as both as an ‘addiction’ and a treatment for addiction. Results: We argue that by delivering nicotine in way that resembles the visual spectacle and bodily pleasures of smoking, but without the harms of combustible tobacco, e-cigarettes highlight the complex status of nicotine as both a poison and remedy in contemporary public health and tobacco control. Conclusion: In consequence, e-cigarettes jeopardize the carefully drawn distinctions between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ forms of nicotine. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Article history: Received 12 October 2011 Received in revised form 5 January 2012 Accepted 18 January 2012 Keywords: Nicotine Tobacco Cigarettes E-cigarettes Addiction...
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...Introduction: Like most people, we already know that smoking and drug addiction is bad for your health. But we do not know how dangerous smoking and drugs really are. Tobacco contains nicotine, a highly addictive drug that makes it difficult for smokers to kick the habit. Tobacco products also contain many poisonous and harmful substances that cause disease and premature death. Did we know that out of a group of 1000 smokers (age 30), that a full quarter of them (250!) will die of smoking-related illnesses prior to completing middle age, an additional quarter will die prematurely from smoking-related illnesses shortly after retirement age, and another large group will develop debilitating chronic illnesses as a result of their smoking? Most people don't know the odds of getting sick as a result of smoking are really that bad, but when you do the numbers, that is how they come out. People usually take drugs because they want to change something in their lives. Here are some of the reasons young people gave for taking drugs: * To fit in * To escape or relax * To relieve boredom * To seem grown up * To rebel * To experiment They think drugs are a solution. But eventually, the drugs become the problem. The consequences of drug use are always worse than the problem one is trying to solve with them. For many people, truly understanding the very real dangers associated with smoking and drugs becomes the motivating factor that helps them to quit. Although...
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...Marijuana, also known as cannabis, is a form of the cannabis plant. In 1923, marijuana was added to the Confidential Restricted List as a prohibited drug in Canada. However, many Canadians believe that marijuana should be legalized because it can play a significant role in the medical industry. However, others hold the opposite attitude toward Marijuana legalization. This serious controversy has lasted for many decades. Canada’s neighbor, the U.S. government, has forbidden this drug since the early 1900s. However, this implementation didn’t produce a satisfactory result. (National Prevention Strategy, 2011) Marijuana should be legalized in Canada because its advantages outweigh the disadvantages. These advantages are likely to promote the Canadian economy, eliminate social issues and benefit the health of its residents. In terms of the economy, legalizing marijuana could conduct not only negative effects, but also positive effects. In the past decade, underground trade of marijuana has caused harm to Canada’s income. Werner Antweiler, the UBC professor, believes that the marijuana market is sizable. (2013) In B.C., the estimates show that Canadians consume at least 3 billion dollars in marijuana products annually. (Barmak, 2013) Other data from The International Journal of Drug Policy indicate that the retail value of marijuana consumption in B.C is between $443 million and $564 million. In addition, further estimates point out that marijuana legalization is likely to help the...
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...For more than 100 years The Canadian Red Cross has been active in communities across Canada and around the world, providing prevention programs and relief disaster and conflict. Their area of excellence is * disaster management, * community resilience and Capacity Building * Health and Social program * Violence, abuse and injury prevention * Humanitarian issues international humanitarian law The Canadian Red Cross Society involved 6,484 employees with 67% in domestic activities and 33% international operations. Major achievements In Kenya, The Canadian Red Cross has been involved in mosquito net distribution for seven years protective vulnerable young children and pregnant women for mosquito bites that spread the malaria. They were able to raise 47 million dollars in turn,, it has supported the distribution of seven million nets in 12 campaigns. The Canadian Red cross helped rebuild Liberian Red Cross , a west African nation of 3,4 million people that endured almost 20 years of vicious civil war which saw a quarter of a million of its citizens killed. Today Liberian Red Cross delivers program for health, water and sanitation, disaster risk reduction and humanitarian values. They respond to the floods that affect each year thousands, help communities rebuild and become more self reliant. Red Cross in collaboration with International Red cross developed a program Just in case for isolated seniors in case of disaster, creating a network , increasing...
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...prostitution and drug use has been an ongoing battle over the decriminalization of these so called victimless crimes. They are both correlated to sociological factors, such as, race, gender, socioeconomic standing and age, which, increases the likelihood of becoming involved in prostitution and illegal drug use. They are correlated to each other because prostitution is a means of income to support drug use and drug use is used to make a prostitutes work “bearable”. This paper will discuss in detail, prostitution and illicit drug use, including the contributions of sociological variables. Furthermore, it will distinguish whether the two are truly victimless crimes. Finally, it will include a personal opinion regarding the decriminalization of drug abuse and prostitution. Prostitution is associated with sexual services for hire. Lyn Stankiewicz Murphy defined prostitution as “a behaviour that involves the exchange of sexual services for economic compensation in the form of drugs, money, or needed resources” (2010, p.775). There are several types of prostitutes that are based on their status. From lowest status to highest, they are: streetwalkers, bar prostitutes, house prostitutes, massage-parlour prostitutes and escort service prostitutes. Streetwalkers are those who solicit their availability on the streets and are most often ran by pimps. Bar prostitutes work in bars and lounges, while house prostitutes “operate illegally and on a small scale” and are “managed by experiences prostitutes...
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...Other than a little irritability, not much happens. People seem trustable enough to drink coffee, even though that behavior often results in a life-long addiction. Tobacco is addictive. Every moment of every day and night, all across America, there are people smoking tobacco. What happens when these "smokers" do not get to light up their cigarettes on time and as anticipated? Other than a lot of irritability, not much happens. Despite the enormous number of tobacco-related deaths each year, adults are nevertheless trusted to moderate their private use of tobacco. Alcohol is addictive. Usually in the evening, but not always, there are people all across America drinking alcohol. What happens when these people do not get their alcohol on time and as anticipated? Well, depending upon the individual's level of past alcohol use, there are varying degrees of negative consequences associated with alcohol withdrawal, e.g., headache, loss of appetite, and even seizures in extreme cases. Despite the enormous number of alcohol-related deaths each year, adults are nevertheless trusted to moderate their private use of alcohol. If Americans can be trusted to get "wired", "buzzed", and/or "drunk", then they can be trusted to use medical marijuana while under the supervision of a licensed physician. Compared to coffee, tobacco, and alcohol, medical marijuana is a harmless substance. There...
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...be prescribed for 90 days by a doctor. Its uses are mainly treating migraines, inflammatory diseases, cancer, fibromyalgia (a medical disorder that spread pains into muscles) and other related diseases. Canada is also one of the first country to legalize marijuana, but because of this decision, more cons outweighs the pros. For instance, legalizing marijuana can send a message to devolving young that is right to smoke because is not against the law. Crime rates and recreational usage of marijuana can also dramatically increase since there is less protective law against it. A lot of our tax money also goes in to healthcare and marijuana is part of that system. Marijuana is a negative impact towards the media, society and economy and the final decision should be reconsider for more possibilities of changes. The laws and restrictions for marijuana have been taken too lightly since the legalizing of marijuana. Many people are abusing and taking advantage of the abandment of illegal use of marijuana. One example of people taking advantage is now more recreational use of marijuana have increased compared to when it was still illegal. By 2001, teens under 18 had increased by 67% compared to the years of 1960s. Illegal grow operations have also increase since 2005, police alone in Canada have discovered 15,000 illegal grow operations and over one million dollars of electricity stolen. There is also a fear and concern that illegal trafficking to other...
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...journalid=60&articleid=374§ionid=2510 This socioeconomic difference can leads to limited access to basic health care services. Social and economic factors shape risk behaviour and the health of drug users. They affect health indirectly by shaping individual drug-use behaviour; they affect health directly by affecting the availability of resources, access to social welfare systems, marginalization, and compliance with medication. many different influences, from family and friends to socioeconomic status and quality of life in general. Factors such as peer pressure, physical and sexual abuse, stress, and quality of parenting can greatly influence the occurrence of drug abuse and the escalation to addiction in a person’s life. (Drug facts, 2012). Drug facts, 2012 access online [www]http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/understanding-drug-abuse-addiction access on 12/11/14. 1.2 The state of public health Canada in 2008 stated Health inequalities are differences in health status experienced by various individuals or groups in society. The word Health inequalities is closely linked to “social determinants of health” (Marmot and Wilkinson, 1999) as it refers to the multiple influences upon health status, including socioeconomic status, diet, education, employment, homelessness, poor housing and income. The life style factors which influence health inequalities. These include: smoking, alcohol consumption or drug use. Marmot M, Wilkinson RG, editors. Social Determinants of Health...
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...popular beverage and has drawn concern from health activists and has caused regulators, specifically Health Canada to regulate caffeine content in such beverages stringently. In a recent study, it was found in a study at a university, 39 percent of students had consumed at least one energy drink in the past month, with considerably higher rates for men . While health officials have attempted to publicize the detrimental effects in the consumption of these beverages, manufacturers have contended there is a lack of empirical proof that the caffeine content in their drinks is harmful. This paper will spotlight the need for regulation on the caffeine content of these beverages based on the concepts of risk assessment and risk management. Furthermore, the need for an ex ante and post strategy from a risk assessment standpoint will be proposed in order for regulators to proactively standardize the acceptable range of caffeine concentrations of energy drinks and to effectively redress harm in the context of their use as a beverage to reinforce regulators’ concern for public safety. Energy Drinks were originally regulated under Natural Health Product Regulations and therefore did not require companies to disclose side effects and sugar content in the nutritional labelling. However from a risk assessment standpoint, it was foreseeable that consumers would be at risk and Health Canada...
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...Cuba Cuba, officially named "Republic of Cuba", is the largest island in the Caribbean. The capital of Cuba is Havana, and its population is 10.8 million. The main language used by most cubans is spanish and the currency used there is a Cuban Peso, which is equal to one U.S. Dollar. Cuba is a communist state and its president, since December 1976, is Fidel Castro Ruz. The main objective of this paper is to talk about the economic and political side of Cuba during the reign of Fidel Castro. Fidel Castro was born on August 13, 1926 in Oriente. The schools that he attended were Catholic and located in Havana. He entered the University of Havana in 1945 and graduated with a law degree in 1950. In 1948 he married Mirta Diaz Balart but they were soon divorced in 1954. His son Fidel Castro Diaz Balart became the head of Cuba's atomic energy commision. Castro was a very good vocalist and he brought himself national prominence by leading an attack on Moncada army barracks. Due to this attack he was sentenced to 15 years in prison, which only lasted for 2 years. After being in exhile in Mexico, Castro returned with 81 others, including Che Guevera, to Cuba and launched a successful guerrilla war. Castro became a strong leader and many other countries begun to fear him. In Cuba the state is the head of the economy and controls almost all trade between foreign countries. Many reforms have been undertaken by the government so that the labor incentives would...
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...drive a car, vote in an election, get married, serve in the military and buy tobacco products. In the United States you are legally an adult at eighteen. An eighteen-year-old, however, can not purchase alcoholic beverages. The minimum drinking age should be lowered from twenty-one in the United States. Unbelievably, the United States citizens trust their sixteen-year-old children to drive three thousand pound vehicles. We require our working young to pay taxes. We trust the decision-making abilities of eighteen year olds in public elections, with the right to smoke, and with the choice of marriage without parental consent. Our young adults are encouraged to join the army and fight for their country. We however believe that until the age of twenty-one our young adults can not handle alcohol. There is an ever-growing problem on campuses all across the nation: the abuse of alcohol. College freshman, usually nineteen, enter college with a bias involving the drinking law. In almost every aspect other than the drinking age, these freshmen are considered adults. However, they are told by the law they are not responsible enough to handle alcohol. Elizabeth Whelan declares, "Banning drinking by young people makes it a badge of adulthood -- a tantalizing forbidden fruit" (84). This badge of adulthood is quickly attained by college freshman, who lash out at the drinking age, with binge drinking. The abuse of alcohol by young people can likely be prevented, certainly not in all cases...
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...they're not really sure what would happen. * The argument is for: * it could prove a windfall for cash-strapped states with new taxes on pot and reduced criminal justice costs. * The report shows that marijuana legalization -- replacing prohibition with a system of taxation and regulation -- would save $7.7 billion per year in state and federal expenditures on prohibition enforcement and produce tax revenues of at least $2.4 billion annually if marijuana were taxed like most consumer goods. If, however, marijuana were taxed similarly to alcohol or tobacco, it might generate as much as $6.2 billion annually. * From Canada we’ve learned that the production cost of (government-sponsored) marijuana is roughly 33¢ a gram. Currently, U.S. marijuana consumers pay at least $10 per gram retail for illegal marijuana. If the cost of retailing and distribution is the same as for legal tobacco cigarettes, about 10¢ a gram, then selling the (legal) product at...
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...opponents all convinced that they are right (Hudak & Wallack, 2016). However, this essay analyzes this issue since it is one that cannot be ignored. Even the opponents must agree to consider what legalization of cannabis achieves, given that public support for it is only growing. It also seeks to lay out the negative implications of the legalization and finally balances them off against the benefits and makes its conclusions based thereon. Proponents argue that marijuana has been proved to have the ability to influence life positively. This is best captured by the medical use of marijuana in treating diseases. The drug has been proven to have palliative qualities and it has been accepted as a palliative agent in civilizations such as Canada on prescription. Additionally, opinion polls discovered that more than half of the American population would vote in support of using the drug for recreational purposes among adults (Ghosh, 2010). It would be imprudent to ignore the opinions of such a big proportion of the population for political leaders. The widespread support also indicates that usage of the drug is high among the populace. It is hard for the government to regulate the usage of such drugs, to prescription or small amounts only, for instance, if the drug is illegal (Gerber, 2004). It is therefore best to construct a framework within which to regulate the usage. Opposition to the legalization of marijuana use is mainly based on the argument...
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