...Western female clothes have historically been designed to exemplify the contours of the body. While 1980s was majorly characterized by everything glitzy and glamour – with people earning big money and spending conspicuously, the era saw a emergence of a new generation of young Japanese designers whose designs exemplified the ideology of “anti-fashion” and some of these designers were Issey Miyake and Yohji Yamamoto. The purpose of this essay is to see how Miyake and Yohji’s emergence and their unconventional design philosophy, silhouettes they created and techniques they have adopted, have called forth a new interpretation of the existing regulations and norms of clothing and fashion; and how women should be perceived and represented. To see how the representation and perception of the feminine body and western fashion had been drastically changed since the emergence of Japanese design in 1980s, it is important to compare and contrast both Miyake and Yamamoto’s work, in terms of how their philosophy has brought upon this new change. It was evident that both Miyake and Yamamoto were generally all about challenging everything that were...
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...Case Study for Yohji Yamamoto After Recession, How Yohji Yamamoto Protect His Business? Compare with Comme des Garcons. University for the Creative Art Directed by Mo Tomaney Written by Yu-Han, Lin (Monica) Date: 19th January 2012 MA Fashion Management and Marketing Introduction Yohji Yamamoto is a Japanese poet, a philosopher of Eastern aesthetics, and as known, he is a fashion designer. When people talk about Yohji Yamamoto, it seems impossible to discuss his early work without referencing Rei Kawakubo. Both of them were born in the war era, obviously, it can be told from their collections that the later stage of the Second World War left some significant influences. Their concept of fashion and design are similar, and also the way they express their concerning about societal and global issues are usually positive. A functional elegance and sobriety is their philosophy. As people know, black is the essential colour they always apply in their every seasonal collection. As Yamamoto explained, “Black is modest and arrogant at the same time…It means that many things go together, yet it takes different aspects in many fabrics…But above all black says…don’t bother me!” (2000 cited in English, 2011: 46) Besides, their attitude about choosing fabrics and respect for the wholeness of the body are similarly severe and carefully. The aesthetic they present is considered very ideological. For example, bias-cutting, irregularly overlapping design, applying washed fabrics and dark...
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...ethnic groups indigenous to the region. Others include Todas, Irulas and Kurumbas. Although all groups lived closely by and had intimate interactions, elaborate taboos were developed to maintain social distance and prestige. Todas and Kotas have been subject to intense anthropological, linguistic and genetic analysis since the early 19th century. Study of Todas and Kotas has also been influential in the development of the field of anthropology. Numerically Kotas have always been a small group not exceeding 1,500 individuals spread over seven villages for the last 150 years. They have maintained a lifestyle as a jack of all trades such as potters, agriculturalist, leather workers, carpenters, and black smiths and as musicians for other groups. Since the British colonial period they have availed themselves of educational facilities and have improved their socio-economic status and no longer depend on the traditional services provided to make a living. Some anthropologists have considered them to be a specialized caste as opposed to be a tribe or an ethnic group. Kotas have their own unique language that belongs to the Dravidian language family but diverged from South Dravidian sub family at some time in BCE. Their language was studied in detail by Murray Barnson Emeneau, a pioneer in the field of Dravidian linguistics. Their social institutions were distinct from mainstream Indian cultural norms and had some similarities to Todas and other tribal people in neighbouring Kerala and...
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...Hagakure is a book mainly depicting the thoughts of Yamamoto Yamamoto on virtues and conducts for samurai in Tokugawa period.Yamamoto Yamamoto was a samurai with military background born in 1659 but have never been to the front line. He had been providing service to Nabeshima Mitsushige, the third daimyo of Saga Prefecture since he was young. However, his father was a warrior of strong personalities who had once participated in battles and had almost abandoned Yamamoto due to his fragile health condition. Under the influence of his father, Yamamoto had never lost the persistence side of samurai even in a peaceful age. All the way to his twentieth year, he was never put into an important position because of his intelligent face. Then he turned to visit the Zen Buddhist priest Tannen and the Confucius scholar Ishida Ittei who later both had massive impact on shaping the ideas of Yamamoto on the Way of samurai. Later on his master’s death, Yamamoto was at his age of forty-two. He was forbidden from committing senppuku by the government, which was against his idea that “the way of samurai is found in death” (Yamamoto, 23). The failure to demonstrate his loyalty in disembowelment motivated him to go into seclusion and to protest against shogunate rules in a way that he communicated his thoughts on what makes a warrior a way warrior to a young samurai who later used them compiling the book Hagakure. The focus of this article will lie on identifying in which ways Yamamoto’s way of samurai...
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...Lahore, Pakistan Abstract During the last few decades, governments of developing countries have increasingly viewed foreign direct investment (FDIs) as a catalyst for economic growth. This study investigates the impact of FDI on economic growth of Pakistan by using Endogenous Growth Model. Out of a number of variables affecting economic growth, few have been taken into our model e.g. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Domestic Savings, Employed Labour Force, Capital Formation, Human Capital Index and Balance of Trade. The study examines the causality among economic Growth and all variables mentioned above over the period 1972-2005 using Johansen‟s maximum likelihood co-integration test and multivariate Granger causality test developed by Yamamoto and Toda (1995). The results of Granger causality indicated that in the short run, economic growth is caused by FDIs, domestic savings, human capital index, employed labour force and balance of trade. Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Economic Growth, Causality, Human Capital Index. 1. Introduction During the recent decades, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as a growth-enhancing component has received great attention in developing countries generally and in less developed countries particularly. It has been a matter of great concern for many economists that how FDI affects economic growth of host countries. In a closed economy, with no access to foreign savings, investment is financed solely from domestic...
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...Review of Development Economics, 9(2), 166–176, 2005 Endogenous Growth Models and Stock Market Development: Evidence from Four Countries Guglielmo Maria Caporale, Peter Howells, and Alaa M. Soliman* Abstract This paper re-examines the relationship between stock market development and economic growth. It provides a theoretical basis for establishing the channel through which stock markets affect economic growth in the long run. It examines the hypothesis of endogenous growth models that financial development causes higher growth through its influence on the level of investment and its productivity. The empirical part of this study exploits techniques recently developed to test for causality in VARs. The evidence obtained from a sample of four countries suggests that investment productivity is the channel through which stock market development enhances the growth rate in the long run. 1. Introduction Several theoretical and empirical papers such as Levine (1991), Levine and Zervos (1995), Demirguc-Kunt (1994), Demirguc-Kunt and Levine (1995), Rousseau and Wachtel (2000) and Beck and Levine (2003), have suggested that stock market development affects economic growth in developing countries. The common problem with these studies, however, is that there is no discussion of the channels through which stock markets can stimulate economic growth. In traditional growth theory, the growth rate is a positive function of exogenous technical progress. However, financial development...
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...ANALYSIS OF CALL MONEY MARKET Done by, ABHISHEK JESSIE MOSES 15MBA0069 VIT Business School fostering innovation CHAPTER-1 INTRODUCTION CALL MONEY MARKET Call money market is a short-term money market, which allows for large financial institutions, such as banks, mutual funds and corporations to borrow and lend money at interbank rates. The loans in the call money market are very short, usually lasting no longer than a week and are often used to help banks meet reserve requirements. The call/notice money market forms an important segment of the Indian Money Market. Under call money market, funds are transacted on an overnight basis and under notice money market, funds are transacted for a period between 2 days and 14 days. Participants in call/notice money market currently include scheduled commercial banks (excluding RRBs), co-operative banks (other than Land Development Banks) and Primary Dealers (PDs), both as borrowers and lenders .The call money market is influenced by liquidity conditions, mainly governed by deposit mobilization, capital flows and the reserve bank’s operations affecting banks’ reserve requirements on the supply side and tax outflows, government borrowing programme, non-food credit off-take and seasonal fluctuations such as large currency drawals during the festive season on the demand side. During the times of easy liquidity...
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...Abstract Financial intermediation is an important activity in the economy because it allows funds to be channeled from people who might otherwise not put them to productive use to people who will ultimately put the funds to productive uses. In line with the assumption that banking sector plays an important role in financing the investment projects, successive governments in Nigeria have carried out reforms and institutional innovations in the banking sector. The overall intention of these reforms has been to ensure financial stability so as to influence the growth of the economy and also enhance banks to play a critical role of financial intermediation in Nigeria. However, despite the fact that Nigerian banks have undergone series of restructuring/reforms aimed at strengthening the banks’ ability to efficient service delivery and fund the real sector, problems such as; inefficiency in allocating funds to the real sector, lack of long-dated funding, neglect of the core private sector in terms of credit extension, weak capacity of the banks to fund the real sector, low-level activities of banks, and illiquidity still lingers. This study therefore, examines empirically the impact of financial intermediation on the development of the Nigerian economy with the aim of determining the importance of financial intermediaries and its influence. This study found out that the financial intermediaries (banks) in Nigeria exhibit inefficiency and weak capacity in the allocation of funds to...
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...RESEARCH PROPOSAL TOPIC: Rising inflation in Pakistan: Causes and Remedies SUBMITTED BY: NAILA ERUM NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD Rising inflation in Pakistan: Causes and Remedies Introduction Pakistan is currently facing unprecedented high Inflation. High inflation is contributing to increase in vulnerability and fall in real income of lower, middle and fixed income segments of the society. It is increasing uncertainty about future scenario of the business environment and instability of the financial system, erosion of business and investors’ confidence, slowing down of real economic activities, investment, economic growth and employment. Inflation is known as a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. When the general price level rises, each unit of currency buys fewer goods and services. Consequently, there is a decline in the real value of money and purchasing power. Inflation is an indicator of a country’s macro economic stability and provides important insight on the state of the economy and the sound macroeconomic policies that govern it. A stable inflation not only gives a nurturing environment for economic growth, but also uplifts the poor and fixed income citizens who are the most vulnerable in society. A numerous supply side and demand side factors could be responsible for this surge in inflation. Inflation can be a result of shocks to the supply of certain food items and to world...
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...International Journal of Business and Society, Vol. 11 No. 2, 2010, 35 - 50 THE EFFECTS OF MACROECONOMIC EVILS ON PROPERTY AND VIOLENT CRIMES IN MALAYSIA Chor Foon Tang♣ University of Malaya ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to investigate the effects of macroeconomic evils – unemployment and inflation on different categories of crime rates – property and violent crimes in Malaysia via the multivariate Johansen-Juselius and Granger causality techniques. This study used annual data from 1970 to 2006. Johansen-Juselius cointegration tests revealed that property and violent crimes are cointegrated with unemployment and inflation. Furthermore, the empirical evidence exhibit that unemployment and inflation are the driving factors for crimes in Malaysia. Therefore, supply-side economy may be an ideal choice of policy to reduce crime rates in Malaysia. Keywords: Crime, Inflation, Unemployment, Malaysia 1. INTRODUCTION Recent deliberation on whether “Malaysia is a safe haven for travel and investment?” was frequently asked by the international tourists and foreign investors owing to the increasing trend of crime rates in Malaysia. From the visual inspection in Figure 1, both property and violent crime rates in Malaysia has increased quite significantly between 1970 and 2006. Over a decade from 1970 to 1980, both property and violent crime rates in Malaysia increased more than two folds. The property crime rate increased drastically from 25 thousand...
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...www.afm-journal.de www.MaterialsViews.com FULL PAPER A Core-Shell Nanoporous Pt-Cu Catalyst with Tunable Composition and High Catalytic Activity Xingbo Ge, Luyang Chen, Jianli Kang, Takeshi Fujita, Akihiko Hirata, Wei Zhang, Jianhua Jiang, and Mingwei Chen* Pt catalyst loading.[1] It has been found that alloying Pt with transition metals (such as Ni, Co, Rh, Fe, etc) can effectively decrease the Pt loading by enhancing both the catalytic activity and utilization of Pt.[2–15] Experimental and theoretical investigations have suggested that Ptbased bimetallic catalysts with a thin Ptskin surface (even a Pt monolayer[16]) and a Pt-M (M = Ni, Co, Fe, etc.) core is an ideal structure for ORR because the modification of the d-band center of surface Pt atoms, caused by the underneath alloying effect, can enhance the catalysis.[17,18] Dealloying has been proved to be an effective approach for fabricating the core-shell structured bimetallic catalysts in the form of nanoparticles because the selective etching can remove the less-noble transition metals and naturally form a Pt passivated surface.[19–22] Compared to extensive studies of Pt-Ni,[13–15] Pt-Co,[6,12] Pt-Fe[9] bimetallic catalysts, the Pt-Cu system has not been paid too much attention, particularly, for the application as an advanced catalyst for ORR. Machado et al. first studied the ORR activity of Pt with sub-monolayer Cu ad-atoms on surface. The Cu ad-atoms were found to show a strong inhibition on ORR of Pt in acid media...
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...RESEARCH includes research articles that focus on the analysis and resolution of managerial and academic issues based on analytical and empirical or case research Interaction Between Forex and Stock Markets in India: An Entropy Approach Y V Reddy and A Sebastin Executive Summary Interactions between the foreign exchange market and the stock market of a country are considered to be an important internal force of the markets in a financially liberalized environment. If causal relationship from a market to the other is not detected, then informational efficiency exists in the other whereas existence of causality implies that hedging of exposure to one market by taking position in the other market will be effective. The temporal relationship between the forex market and the stock market of developing and developed countries has been studied, especially after the East Asian financial crisis of 1997–98, using various methods like cross-correlation, cross-spectrum, and error correction model, but these methods identify only linear relations. A statistically rigorous approach to the detection of interdependence, including non-linear dynamic relationships, between time series is provided by tools defined using the information theoretic concept of entropy. Entropy is the amount of disorder in the system and also is the amount of information needed to predict the next measurement with a certain precision. The mutual information between two random variables X and Y with a joint...
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...AN ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTS OF INTEREST RATE AND EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON STOCK MARKET RETURNS: EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE OF GHANA STOCK EXCHANGE A thesis submitted to the Institute of Distance Learning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of COMMONWEALTH EXECUTIVE MASTERS OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Institute of Distance Learning, KNUST JUNE, 2011 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this submission is my own work toward the Commonwealth Executive Master of Business Administration and that, to the best of my knowledge, it contains no material previously published by another person nor material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree of the University except where due acknowledgement has been made in the text. RANSFORD CHARLES ENYAAH (STUDENT ID No: 20103521) …………………… Signature …………………. Date Certified by: EDWARD ACHEAMPONG (SUPERVISOR) …………………… Signature …………………. Date Certified by: ……………………………… Head of IDL …………………… Signature …………………. Date i DEDICATION I dedicate this project work to the Lord Almighty and all my loved ones. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I thank the almighty God for fulfilling his promises to my life and for granting me the strength, wisdom and knowledge to complete this work My profound gratitude goes to my Supervisor, Mr. Edward Acheampong (Lecturer, Methodist University College, Ghana) for his unflinching dedication...
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...FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND GROWTH IN CYPRUS: A CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP N0373193 This research project is submitted in part-fulfilment of the degree of Bachelor of Arts (Honours) Economics, Finance and Banking Nottingham Business School Nottingham Trent University Summer 2014 Chosen Target Peer-Refereed Academic Journal: Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, December 2011, vol. 16, no. 3 (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/) Declaration: I declare that I have personally prepared this article and that it has not, in whole or in part, been submitted as an assessment for any other module, degree or qualification. The work described here is my own, carried out personally unless otherwise stated. All sources of information, including quotations, are acknowledged by means of appropriate referencing. I declare that this project has been conducted in accordance with Nottingham Trent University’s Regulations on Academic Irregularities, including those pertaining to research ethics and Data Protection legislation. Contents: PAGE Abstract 3 Abbreviations 4 List of Tables 5 List of Figures 5 1. Introduction ...
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...La Herramienta Esencial para Todo Director de Proyecto En 1983, los voluntarios del Project Management Institute (PMI®) se reunieron por primera vez para crear los fundamentos para la dirección de proyectos. Actualmente, la Guía del PMBOK® es reconocida como el estándar global para la dirección de proyectos y es uno de los mejores y más versátiles recursos disponibles para el profesional de esta disciplina. La Guía del PMBOK® contiene las prácticas fundamentales que todos los directores de los proyecto necesitan para alcanzar los más altos niveles de excelencia en sus proyectos. Actualmente, se encuentran en uso más de 2 millones de copias de la Guía del PMBOK®. A partir de la publicación de la Guía del PMBOK® – Cuarta Edición, el PMI ha recibido de parte de la comunidad global de la dirección de proyectos miles de valiosas recomendaciones en cuanto a mejoras y clarificaciones, que fueron revisadas y, según el caso, incorporadas en la quinta edición. La quinta edición se ha actualizado para incorporar los conocimientos y las prácticas más actuales en materia de dirección de proyectos. Se ha agregado una décima Área de Conocimiento para definir la participación adecuada de los interesados del proyecto en las decisiones y actividades clave. Se ha redefinido el flujo de datos e información del proyecto para aportar mayor consistencia y lograr una mayor alineación con el modelo de Datos, Información, Conocimiento y Sabiduría (DIKW) utilizado en el campo de la Gestión del Conocimiento...
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