...Authoritarian Parenting Style: The Negative Effect On Children Abstract The Authoritarian Parenting Style is one of four parenting styles used to rear children. Authoritarian Parenting style is described by Feldman (2011) as “parents that are controlling, punitive, rigid, cold. Their word is law, and they value strict, unquestioning obedience……; they do not tolerate expressions of disagreement (p.251).” Because children are unable to explore their own feelings, values and opinions, they, grow up with various negative effects. Some of those effects are anxiety, low self-esteem, lack of social skills and bullying other people. The negative effects, that these children inherit, naturally follow them into their adulthood. Feldman (2011) confirms “Children of authoritarian parents tend to be withdrawn…..they are not very friendly….boys are unusually hostile (p. 251).” The parenting style we choose to raise our children is so pivotal because it will shape the traits, personality and mannerisms of our children. As parents, ultimately we want to produce Godly, respectable, successful children that will one day be an asset to society. Parenting Styles Children reared with an authoritarian parenting style are laden with various negative effects that produce: anxiety, low self-esteem, over-aggression in males, dependence in females, lack of social skills, and becoming a bully. Although for this paper we will be focusing primary on the negative effects...
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...EMAIL: moneyruffian67@gmail.com Research Design and Methods for Advanced Nursing Practice Critique NAME: Professor: Institution: Course: Date: This research is based on the idea that mothers with low incomes have a high prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms which have a negative effect on their infants and toddlers. Poorer development in infants and toddlers has been directly linked to maternal depression. Furthermore, infants of mothers who have depressed mothers tend to talk less, they engage in little play and lag behind on standardized language and mental development scales (Campbell et al, 2004). The aim of this research was to test the interpersonal psychotherapy of parenting enhancement to reduce depression of low income mothers of infants and toddlers. This study used a two group repeated measures design which was randomized. Mothers who were given the IPT + PE plus EHS enrichment were compared with mothers getting attention control health education plus EHS enrichment. The IPT + PE and ACTAU conditions were delivered over a 20 week period. Data were collected at four points: at baseline before randomization (T1), partway through the intervention (T2: 14 weeks), after completion of the intervention and termination with the nurse (T3:22weeks), and 1 month after all intervention stopped (T4: 26 weeks). The sample involved 226 mothers with infants. They were enrolled in in one of six EHS programs in the northeastern and southeastern...
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...EMAIL: moneyruffian67@gmail.com Research Design and Methods for Advanced Nursing Practice Critique NAME: Professor: Institution: Course: Date: This research is based on the idea that mothers with low incomes have a high prevalence of depression and depressive symptoms which have a negative effect on their infants and toddlers. Poorer development in infants and toddlers has been directly linked to maternal depression. Furthermore, infants of mothers who have depressed mothers tend to talk less, they engage in little play and lag behind on standardized language and mental development scales (Campbell et al, 2004). The aim of this research was to test the interpersonal psychotherapy of parenting enhancement to reduce depression of low income mothers of infants and toddlers. This study used a two group repeated measures design which was randomized. Mothers who were given the IPT + PE plus EHS enrichment were compared with mothers getting attention control health education plus EHS enrichment. The IPT + PE and ACTAU conditions were delivered over a 20 week period. Data were collected at four points: at baseline before randomization (T1), partway through the intervention (T2: 14 weeks), after completion of the intervention and termination with the nurse (T3:22weeks), and 1 month after all intervention stopped (T4: 26 weeks). The sample involved 226 mothers with infants. They were enrolled in in one of six EHS programs in the northeastern and southeastern...
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...Jordan Bittner May 14, 2012 Research Paper Introduction: My research topic was on toilet training for toddlers, which is very important in the early years of children. I have never done any research on toilet training so this was all very new information and definitely well-needed. There is so much information on toilet training that I will go into later on in my paper. Information on toilet training is very important for parents, caregivers, siblings, babysitters, and day care centers. Anyone who is going to be around young toddlers should have vast amounts of knowledge on the subject and plenty of experience. Description: I introduced the potty to Emma when she was 18 months. I bought her one of those small potty chairs and explained to her this was her special potty. At this time I didn't yet push the potty we were just introducing it to her. I also would let her watch me use the toilet and explain to her "Mommy was going pee-pee on the potty like big girls do!" We will start with the basics to get full understanding of the topic. Toilet training is training a young child to use the toilet. Learning to use the toilet is a big step for toddlers and it can be difficult for some. Some children just seem to train themselves when they are ready, but many need some help from their parents. Parents see toilet training as an important milestone for their children and often become very concerned if it doesn't all go smoothly. For toddlers it is something new to learn...
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...Early Childhood Development and Social Inequalities by all families should have the same opportunities to live a descent life. But due to the backgrounds of some families, and children, they may not have a chance for this. There are certain risk factors that have a bearing on social inequalities in health, and particularly those that are prone to preventative intervention. There are many that I could talk about, but I have picked out four of these factors to talk about. They are biological factors, family and social factors, parenting factors, and attachment. Even these I feel that I will not be able to cover completely, because there is only a certain part we see, and then there is the that is kept hidden from all. There are many factors that influence the development and social inequalities in a child’s life. These include biological, family and social factors, parenting factors, attachment, and the way non-maternal care is influenced. All of these are risk factors that are likely to have a bearing on the child’s social inequalities on their health. The biological factors include premature birth, low birth weight, and a serious medical illness. The significantly influence and infants growth. “Low birth weight, less than 2500 grams, has a prevalence of 6 percent in white middle-class U.S. women, and 15 percent in ethnic minority teenagers. These teenagers tend to be single mothers.” At the Infant Health and Development Project, they found that in a large amount of premature infants...
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...Robert Irizarry Abstract This paper explains the developments of children from infancy to adolescents. It focuses on the importance of physical, cognitive, language, and emotional development. As children continue to grow, from infants to toddler to adolescence they tend to develop a sense of being little independent creatures. Language and Child Development Overtime children experience different type of changes of growth from the time of birth until their adolescence years which is normally referred to as child development. It is very important to recognize and to understand child development which involves a significant change biologically, cognitively, emotionally, and with educational growth through language skills. There are two different type of environment that may influence children’s behavior. The first type of course is chosen by parents. Children will more than likely adjust and become more familiar with the environment that they are raised in, and it is very possible for them to imitate language and the actions of their parents. The second type of environment is based off how a child is being treated in a specific environment. Children studies and learn from their environment and social life which is very significant in children's growth and language development. For others what is determined and accepted to be genetics in children’s development results may favor nurturing. As children continue to grow, from infants to toddler to adolescence they tend to develop...
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...Abstract This paper explores the impact of divorce on children under the age of eighteen with research studies reported by internet and non internet resources such as, Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services, American Journal of Family Law and also author written research by Elisabeth Joy Lamotte and Kathleen Stassen Berger. Since 1973 at least one million children have been affected by divorce and typically one out of two marriages ends in divorce. The truth remains that marriage does offer greater benefits to children rather than divorce such as a higher standard of living, exposure to effective and cooperative parenting, greater parent-child bonding, and less stress overall. This paper will cover the psychological impact of divorce on children under the age of eighteen from infancy to toddlers all the way through adolescence and on to adulthood. References Berger, Stassen Kathleen (2010). The Developing Person Through the Lifespan Eighth Edition. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Lamotte, Joy Elisabeth (2008). Overcoming Your Parents Divorce. Far Hills, NJ: New Horizon Press. McGuinness, Teena M, PhD (2006). Marriage, Divorce, and Children. Journal of Psychosocial Nursing & Mental Health Services. Portnoy, Sandford M, PhD (2008). The Psychology of Divorce: A Lawyer's Primer, Part 2: The Effects of Divorce on Children. American Journal of Family Law. Child Study Center (2001). Divorce and Children. Retrieved from http://www.aboutourkids.org/files/articles/sep_oct_1...
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...& Castellino, 2002). Through these interactions, children learn skills they need to engage with others and to succeed in different environments (Rogoff, 2003). They learn how to manage their emotions and behaviors and establish healthy relationships with adults and peers. They also learn how to adjust to new situations and to resolve conflicts .When parents have warm, trusting, and reliable relationships with peers, family, community members, and service providers, they are more likely to have positive relationships with their children. To work toward the Parent, Family, Community and Environment: Positive Parent-Child Relationships Outcome, providers and programs can: provide emotional and concrete support to parents,1.respect diverse parenting styles, 2.value cultural differences and home languages, 3.reinforce the importance of fathers and other co-parents, 4.help parents connect with other parents and community members and resources, and model warm, responsive relationships by engaging in these relationships with parents and other family members The objective of this chapter is to present the child interaction theory as a useful framework for assessing and promoting positive parental competency in children. This is too discussed: 1) Positive Parent-Child Relationships Boost Child Development and School Readiness, and 2) Building Positive Parent-Child Relationships from the Beginning. Dr. Barnard’s PCI Model is the relationship between...
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...Impact and Relationship of Substance Abuse and Child Maltreatment: Risk and Resiliency Factors What Research Tells Us Martha Morrison Dore, Ph.D. Columbia University School of Social Work 622 West 113th Street New York, New York 10027 212/854-5461 Paper prepared for presentation at the conference entitled “Protecting Children in Substance Abusing Families,” September 28, 1998, sponsored by the Center for Advanced Studies in Child Welfare, University of Minnesota School of Social Work, Minneapolis, MN. Researchers are just beginning to demonstrate empirically what child protective services workers have been observing for nearly two decades now: many, if not most, families who come to the attention of the child welfare system are involved with drugs or alcohol or both. Founded cases of child abuse and neglect have risen exponentially since the mid-1980s, when the crack form of cocaine, a cheap, easily used form of the drug, became widely available. Studies conducted since that time have identified substance abuse as a contributing factor in 40% to 80% of substantiated cases of child maltreatment (Curtis & McCullough, 1993; Magura & Laudet, 1996; Murphy, Jellinek, Quinn, Smith, Poitrast, & Goshko, 1991). Further, studies of substance abusing parents have found child-rearing beliefs and attitudes that heighten risk for child abuse (Williams-Peterson et al., 1994), as well as elevated rates of first-time reports to child protective services (Jaudes & Ekwo, 1995), re-reports...
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...Saint Gabriel Academy Araneta Avenue Corner Road, Caloocan City Highschool Department “Fourth Year students’ performance in relation to their family issues” In partial fulfilment of the requirements in English IV Submitted to: Ms. Jhazmyn Reyes English Teacher Submitted by: VIRAY, Patricia Rose A. IV – Saint Augustine February 21, 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my deepest gratitude for the fourth year students who serve as the respondent of my surveying to fulfil this study. Despite their busy schedule, they manage to answer my questionnaire properly and relevantly. Because of them, I can think of more realization with the help of their own personal opinion and experiences. Also with their help my study would be relevant because it is based on their real-life experiences. I would also like to thank Ms. Jhazmyn Reyes, my English teacher, for making me do this study because of this experience doing a thesis, it would be a big help for me when I get to college and do another thesis a my requirement. Thank you, for the time you spend to teach me how I will do this step-by-step and for the patience and effort you have exerted every time I will ask questions. To my family, for supporting me in everything I do as long it is in favour of the Almighty God, for being my strength and inspiration, and for teaching me what is wrong from right. God blessed me with a good family so I can be a good person and be a responsible steward of God. ABSTRACT ...
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...Neglect in Childhood Bruce D. Perry, M.D., Ph.D.* Kevin Colwell, M.A.** Stephanie Schick, M.Ed.*** For: Encyclopedia of Crime & Punishment Project Director, D. Levinson Berkshire Publishing Group Great Barrington, MA * ChildTrauma Academy, Houston, TX and Children’s Mental Health Programs, Alberta Mental Health Board, Calgary, CA ** ChildTrauma Academy, Houston, TX *** ChildTrauma Academy, Houston, TX Official Citation: Perry, B.D., Colwell, K. and Schick, S. Child Neglect in: Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment Vol 1.(David Levinson, Ed.) Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks pp 192-196, 2002 Introduction Child neglect is the most common form of child maltreatment (a broad category of behavior that also includes sexual, physical and emotional abuse). The National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), a review of abuse and neglect data from all states, reported over 1,000,000 substantiated cases of abuse in its last review (annual year 1994). Fifty two percent of these cases were from neglect. The majority of the 2000 or more documented abuserelated deaths each year are due to neglect. These statistics are likely an underestimate of the actual occurrence of neglect. Neglect is the least studied and most poorly characterized form of child maltreatment. This is due to multiple factors including the difficulty in defining and documenting neglect in children. Definitions Neglect can occur in several forms. A broad definition of neglect is any failure to provide for the basic...
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...eight major stages of life. This paper will focus on the physical, cognitive, social, moral, and personality development of individuals found in stage two, (early childhood 1-6 year olds). Through exploring, and examining the countless influences that affect their growth development. The physical growth transformations infants undergo in stage two of lifespan development range from, brain, motor, to sensory/perceptual development, and infant’s overall body height and weight. During the first two years, brain development and the central nervous system experience the most growth increase of any other infant’s body parts. Brain growth and learning transpire simply because neurons grow in size and the number of axons and dendrites, escalate (Carpenter S, & Huffman K. 2013a. pp. 237, 238). Meanwhile on the outside of the infant’s skull the fontanels or soft spots close off (Bjorklund, D. F., & Bering, J. M. 2002., pp. 272- 275). Motor skill development fall into two categories fine, and gross motor skills. Fine motor skill development involves the muscular, skeletal, and nervous systems generating precise operations of motions on the infant hands (Fluetsch, K. 2015 p. 9). Example of fine motor skills, a child’s ability to grasp a fork, spoon, pencils, and crayons. Gross motor skill development includes the coordination of the large muscle groups of an infant’s body, (Like the baby’s arms, legs, and trunk). Example of gross motor skills, toddlers running better without falling...
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...development can influence and have a “snowball effect on their subsequent successes in later stage development” (Broderick & Blewitt, 2010 p. 9). Infancy, the time between birth and 12 months old, is a critical stage of development, as human growth escalates rapidly during the first few years of life. It is a period of growth that is especially sensitive and vulnerable to the effects of maltreatment (Hildyard & Wolfe, 2002). When childhood neglect occurs during this very sensitive period, issues of safety, attachment, and social-emotional functioning are often identified as areas that need immediate intervention. The following paper will focus on the issue of early childhood neglect and the possible effects it can have on development during infancy according to three expert theorists Mary Ainsworth, Erik Erikson, and Albert Bandura. This paper is also written using the stories from “Paul”, (a pseudonym), a victim of childhood neglect: My name is Paul. I was born in 1995 to my mother who was thirteen years old. Her boyfriend, my father, was seventeen. My father was never involved in my life, as he was actively involved in criminal behavior, which ultimately led to his early death by gun violence. I was ten months old when my father was killed and I have no memories of him. My mother hid her pregnancy until she was 36 weeks and did not receive any prenatal care. Although she was pregnant with me, she experimented with drugs and alcohol, which may have altered...
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...Analysis of Research Report Paper Daphnnee Johnson HCS/438 February 18, 2011 Denise Hodo Analysis of Research Report Paper This article studied and surveyed adoption agencies around the world to discover their policies and attitudes toward lesbian and gay people as prospective adoptive parents. A survey was used as the statistical procedure and a chi-square test was used as a statistical test. The statistical procedure used in this study of adoption is a questionnaire. They were mailed to directors of adoption programs from public and private adoption agencies across the United States. The total was 891. Two-hundred-fourteen of the questionnaires were used in the study. The questionnaires were from 194 private adoption agencies from 45 different states and 20 questionnaires from 20 public adoption agencies from 13 different states. From the 214 questionnaires used in the study, 165 were women and only 28 were men. The mean of their ages were 46.5. “The questionnaire was designed to identify current adoption agency policies and practices, as well as social casework attitudes, regarding adoption of children by lesbians and gay men.” The questionnaire conducted was of 13 questions. These 13 questions asked about agency type, religious affiliation, number of placements for adoption made within the two-year period of 1995-1996, percentage of placements involving domestic infants...
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...D e v e l o p m e n t a l A n d T h e P r o g r e s s i v e P s y c h o l o g y H u m a n D e c l i n e ! Human development is pretty straightforward; people grow for a while, then die. Whats interesting though, is what happens within an individual as they grow, and begin to die. Just how kids are restrained, and kept from the world they desire. Research on this subject is typically broken up into nine sequential stages of ‘life,’ beginning with pre-natal development, and moving through infancy, the toddler state, early childhood, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age, and finally moving though observations in old age to gain a holistic scope of the human experience. Instead of approaching each topic in blind succession, this paper will demonstrate human development in a streaming, dynamic, more lifelike manner. ! Super-analytical research type folk start picking apart and studying, like lab-rats, human beings before they are even born. These pre-natal findings are compared along side average results to let the parenting humans know if their child to be will be ‘disabled’, ‘challenged’, a ‘failure to thrive’, or just ‘normal.’ Is it a good thing that we can look a wee bit into the future? Ever seen the movie GATTICA? If you have seen the movie, you’ll probably have a slight headache and swear never to watch it again, but you may also understand that a perverted future of scientifically/sociologically altered humans is to come. Not so much superhumans that can...
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