...TOGAF is the open group architecture framework, the framework is itself a well-documented body of knowledge to comprise detailed message and set of supporting tools to developing enterprise architectures. TOGAF is developed and maintained by the members of the Open Group. The original Framework of TOGAF was developed in 1995 and successive version of TOGAF throughout the years have extended and improved this body of knowledge and tools. TOGAF helps by documenting and organizing the enterprise architecture, by using TOGAF organizations can develop architecture that is consistence and reflects the needs of stakeholders, employee’s best practice, and meets current and future organization requirements. TOGAF enterprise architecture is divided into four categories the Business Architecture, Application Architecture, Data Architecture, and Technical Architecture. Business Architecture is design to describe the layouts of which process does business uses to meet its goals. It addresses the need for Users, Planners, and Business Management. For Application Architecture TOGAF illustrates how specific applications are designed and how the applications interact with each other. Also addresses the kind of workforce will be associated with application related tasks such System and Software developers and engineers. The Data Storage Architecture is design to show that how data stores are developed and how they are accessed. It addresses the needs of Database Designers, Database Administrators...
Words: 417 - Pages: 2
...http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb466232.aspx#eacompar_topic4 Home Library Learn Downloads Support Community Sign in | United States - English | Preferences Expand MSDN A Comparison of the Top Four Enterprise-Architecture Methodologies Roger Sessions ObjectWatch, Inc. May 2007 Applies to: Enterprise Architecture Summary: Twenty years ago, a new field was born that soon came to be known as enterprise architecture. This paper covers a broad introduction to the field of enterprise architecture. Although the history of the field goes back 20 years, the field is still evolving—and rapidly so. (36 printed pages) Contents Executive Summary Introduction A Brief History of Enterprise Architecture Case Study The Zachman Framework for Enterprise Architectures The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF) Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) Gartner Comparison Conclusion Glossary References Executive Summary Twenty years ago, a new field was born that soon came to be known as enterprise architecture. The field initially began to address two problems: System complexity—Organizations were spending more and more money building IT systems; and Poor business alignment—Organizations were finding it more and more difficult to keep those increasingly expensive IT systems aligned with business need. The bottom line: more cost, less value. These problems, first recognized 20 years ago, have today reached a crisis point. The cost...
Words: 14988 - Pages: 60
...ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE Author: Institution: Date of Submission: Introduction During the early days of computing, the new technology simply automated the contemporary manual processes with increased efficiency. As the new technology continued to evolve, new innovations paved the way for introduction of new processes and capabilities that were largely driven by information technology. Over time, information technology altered the business environment though not necessarily in conformation with the conventional business strategies. The resulting lack of alignment precipitated unanticipated loss of resources and missed opportunities, thus placing most organizations in competitively disadvantaged positions within the market. In order to align the business strategies with organizational objectives, a new approach for managing Information technology has been established. This new concept is referred to as Enterprise Architecture. Enterprise architecture refers to ways or means of describing organizational structures and processes that link the individual business structures. It is the practice of applying a rigorous and comprehensive method for illustrating a current or outlook of a business’s information systems, processes, personnel, and the business sub-units so that they can be in conformity with the organization’s key objectives and strategic direction. This means that enterprise architecture is a strategic information asset base that...
Words: 1394 - Pages: 6
...Article Essential Layers, Artifacts, and Dependencies of Enterprise Architecture By Robert Winter and Ronny Fischer Abstract After a period where implementation speed was more important than integration, consistency and reduction of complexity, architectural considerations have become a key issue of information management in recent years again. Enterprise architecture is widely accepted as an essential mechanism for ensuring agility and consistency, compliance and efficiency. Although standards like TOGAF and FEAF have developed, however, there is no common agreement on which architecture layers, which artifact types and which dependencies constitute the essence of enterprise architecture. This paper contributes to the identification of essential elements of enterprise architecture by (1) specifying enterprise architecture as a hierarchical, multilevel system comprising aggregation hierarchies, architecture layers and views, (2) discussing enterprise architecture frameworks with regard to essential elements, (3) proposing interfacing requirements of enterprise architecture with other architecture models and (4) matching these findings with current enterprise architecture practice in several large companies. Keywords enterprise architecture, architectural components, architectural layers, architectural views, interfaces ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE: DEFINITION According to ANSI/IEEE Std 1471-2000, architecture is defined as the “ fundamental organization of a system, embodied in...
Words: 5469 - Pages: 22
...Defining and Describing Business Architecture The most fundamental concept of Business Architecture (BA) is that it represents business. BA is one of the domains that comprise Enterprise Architecture (EA) that define the business strategy, governance, organization and key business processes (Klein & Gagliardi, 2010). From the literature review, there are various definitions for BA can be found. In defining BA in term of enterprise, BA is consider as governance structure, business process and business information. In term of architecture aspects, BA can be categorized as an activity and a well-structured documentation of a current and future business environment. Referring to the above definition in both term, BA can be describe as “a blueprint of the enterprise that provides a common understanding of the organization and is used to align strategic objectives and tactical demands” (BIZBOK Guide, 2013) . Another definition of BA is from The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), which is it defines BA as the business strategy, governance, organization and key business process information, that closely related to the business environment which is based on business principles, business goals, and strategic driven (The Open Group, 2009). Others have also defined BA as the basic relationship between business entity’s environments with its intent, value, capabilities, processes, and resources including human, Information Technology (IT), knowledge, capital, facility, and material...
Words: 569 - Pages: 3
...21 principles of enterprise architecture for the financial sector Thiago Souza Mendes Guimarães (tmendesg@br.ibm.com ) IT Architect IBM China 20 November 2012 The article lists the most relevant architectural principles for an IT department to follow in the financial market, with details about each principle. These principles are essential for an IT department to take on a strategic role in the company and to indicate actual value generation in IT decisions within an environment where pressure and business decisions are critical. Structure of these principles This article was developed with the purpose of proposing certain principles that must drive an enterprise architecture initiative. The main motivation that led to the development of this list is the difficulty of implementing enterprise architecture in an environment as hostile as the financial market. There is great pressure on the technology segment, which is usually not perceived as strategic. An even greater challenge is showing that IT decisions can add value and differentials to businesses. This list was organized and developed based on the selection and adjustment of the most relevant principles established throughout my experience in the financial market. Despite being selected within the financial segment context, most of these principles apply to any type of industry after only a few minor adjustments. Definitions Principles are high-level definitions of fundamental values that guide...
Words: 5320 - Pages: 22
...Paper Case study Nantonia ICT Strategy & Planning Master : ICT in Business Location : University, Leiden Course : ICT Strategy & Planning Assignment : Paper Case study Nantonia Date : 3 June 2011 Name : Suraj Soerdjbali Studentnr : Teacher : ------------------------------------------------- Part 1 The business model: 1. Partners: Natepco is a subsidiary of Natonia Energy Holdings. Which on their turn have a joint venture with Prime Energy Group and Government of Natonia 2. Key activities: The key activities of Natepco are exploration and production 3. Key resources: The key resources of Natepco are sell crude oil to commodity markets and gas (LHG) to power/electricity producers 4. Value Proposition: crude oil and gas (LHG) 5. Relationship: Their Brand, retaining customers 6. Distribution and acquisition channel: Traders, electricity producers 7. Customers: willing market in local industry 8. Cost structure: Manufacturing, exploration, maintenance 9. Revenue streams: The IT systems being used within the business model: * Partners: Prime Energy Group is in consideration of implementing SAP * Key activities: VAX/Compaq systems are used for drilling applications, HP systems are used for running applications for maintenance en procurement. Offshore platforms uses email application and application access * Key resource: IBM systems for finance The business maxims that I found in the case...
Words: 3623 - Pages: 15
...Enterprise Architecture Vol. 11, No. 10 10 Key Skills Architects Must Have to Deliver Value by Michael Rosen, Director, Cutter Consortium Enterprise Architecture Practice As the complexity of IT grows, more and more organizations are realizing the need for architecture. But the definition of what architecture is, the titles that architects have, and the role of an architect vary widely from one organization to another. Business, IT, management, and even architects don’t necessarily know what a good architect does to add value in his or her organization. This Executive Report discusses the role of the architect and describes 10 activities that architects should perform to add value to projects. ABOUT CUTTER CONSORTIUM Access to the Experts Cutter Consortium is a unique IT advisory firm, comprising a group of more than 100 internationally recognized experts who have come together to offer content, consulting, and training to our clients. These experts are committed to delivering top-level, critical, and objective advice. They have done, and are doing, groundbreaking work in organizations worldwide, helping companies deal with issues in the core areas of software development and agile project management, enterprise architecture, business technology trends and strategies, innovation, enterprise risk management, metrics, and sourcing. Cutter offers a different value proposition than other IT research firms: We give you Access to the Experts....
Words: 11157 - Pages: 45
...Meaning and definition of data and information Data is the raw material for data processing. The data relate to facts, event and transactions. Data refers to unprocessed information. Information is data that has been processed in such a way as to be meaningful to the person who receives it. It is anything that is communicated. For example, researchers who conduct market research survey might ask a member of the public to complete questionnaires about a product or a service. These completed questionnaires are data; they are processed and analyze in order to prepare a report on the survey. This resulting report is informative. Data | Information | Originated at mid 17th century | Originated in late middle time | Data are raw facts. | Information is processed data | May not always be meaningful. | Information is always meaningful. | Input to any system may be treated as Data | Output after processing the system is Information | Data must be processed to understand. | The information is already in understandable form, it may be processed further to make it more understandable. | Difficult to Understanding | Easy to Understanding | Data may not be in the order. | Information should be in the order | Example: Statistics, numbers, characters, images. | Example Reports, Knowledge | Data is used as input to the computer system. | Information is the output of data. | Data is unprocessed facts figures. | Information is processed data. | Data is not specific...
Words: 993 - Pages: 4
...Bachelor in Information Technology Program U10a2 Enterprise Architecture Proposal for Ralph’s Ribs For IT3200, Section 05 Rolando Rueda-de-Leon Submitted 9/17/2010 Table of Contents Executive Summary 4 Analysis of the existing foundation for execution 4 Organization Chart 5 Definition of the Operating Model for Ralph’s Ribs 5 Business Process Standardization 6 Recommended Process Standardization 6 Comparison of Operating Model 6 Core Business Applications 7 Proposal for an Enterprise Architecture 11 IT Capability 12 Business Strategic Objectives 12 Funding Priorities 13 Key Management Capability 13 Business Core Applications 13 Key IT Governance Issues 14 Legal Implications 14 Summary of Ralph’s Ribs Architectural Stage 14 Proposed Enterprise Architecture 15 Changes in Business Process 15 Changes in Business Roles 16 Rationale for Changes 16 Changes in Organizational Structure 16 Changes in Business Partner Relationships 17 Setting Core Business Priorities 17 IT Engagement Model Recommendations 18 Companywide IT Governance 18 New Core Business Opportunities 21 Outsourcing Opportunities - Recommendations 21 Size and Scale Considerations 22 Growing the Organization - Recommendations 25 Summary of Enterprise Architecture Proposal for Ralph’s Ribs 29 References 31 Executive Summary In the restaurant business there are between five and seven different BBQ franchise restaurants...
Words: 2267 - Pages: 10
...complete projects. Being able to communicate and share information regularly within the web of firms is necessary for each project. In order for a software application to succeed, they need to understand and identify the main points and key differences within each organization. As a result, they come up with a framework that help organizes software applications into different categories known as the enterprise system, which is similar to the evolutionary categorization of animals. The structure of the enterprise system have several benefits including: using the categorization to identify the key differences among available, using the framework to highlight today’s software market trends toward tomorrow’s software choices and create a graduate course for students to have knowledge about the software applications and the market environment. The enterprise systems are divided into three categories: systems with no overall organizing rationale, systems with inward organization, and systems with outward organization. Systems with no organizing rationale are single entry enterprise systems that can be successful in guiding multitude of small organization and work well when the manager participates in all of the key business events, but not with significant transaction volumes, reporting requirements, or outside information users. On the other...
Words: 554 - Pages: 3
...Assignment 3 Kendall Nelson 1) What does the position of enterprise architect entail? What qualifications or experiences would you think a good enterprise architect should have? Support your answer with examples from the case. As the case stated, enterprise architects need to be able to create unity. They must be able to have a broad look on situations, as well as be able to take a close up view and individual issues. A good skill to have is to be able to step back and take a look at what problems the proposed project will solve. I think that these are all qualifications that a good enterprise architect should have. The ability to focus on the big picture seems to be one that is highly stressed in the case, that way when you are designing you can focus on what the overall outcome will be and what kind of problems it will solve. 2) Consider the different companies mentioned in the case and their experiences with enterprise architecture. Does this approach seem to work better in certain types of companies or industries than in others? Why or why not? Sony was mentioned in the case as putting together a group of enterprise architects in order to save on costs. They had to start out small and then work their way up in the enterprise architect world. They didn’t have business support to begin with so they had to take small risks and help plan for the future until they had built up business support. This seemed to work for Sony as they had to focus...
Words: 457 - Pages: 2
...Information System Management April 19, 2014 Dr. Jason Andress Instructor By Jacob Washington Enterprise architecture (EA) is "a well-defined practice for conducting enterprise analysis, design, planning, and implementation, using a holistic approach at all times, for the successful development and execution of strategy. Enterprise Architecture applies architecture principles and practices to guide organizations through the business, information, process, and technology changes necessary to execute their strategies. These practices utilize the various aspects of an enterprise to identify, motivate, and achieve these changes.” (Wikipedia) “AT&T pioneered enterprise management and, as a global leader, creates new enterprise management technologies, operational processes, and best practices and drives the requirements for industry standards.” (AT&T) AT&T does practice what it preaches. AT&T has a goal of becoming a total wireless company by the year 2020. Four of the priorities that will get AT&T to 2020: Effortless Customer Experience, Extend our Network Leadership, Extend our Ultra-Fast IP Leadership and Accelerate New Businesses. These priorities are set by the CEO & President of AT&T Randall Stephenson. In order to accomplish these priorities will require all department and division of AT&T to work together. AT&T Enterprise Management is utilized throughout the company. This system allows the Officers of AT&T the management...
Words: 953 - Pages: 4
...WHAT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES DID BOEING FACE IN THE LATE 1990s? Boeing wanted to save billions of dollars and reduce developmental time which led them to lose their market share to Airbus. In hindsight Boeing should have reduced airfare and focused more on innovation landing them a head of their competitors. Instead it cost them billions, put them three years behind schedule and allowed Airbus to succeed. Seeing their mistakes, Boeing turned it around by creating an aircraft that would add value to the consumer and generate profits for the company. Boeing took the opportunity to research composite materials to improve passenger cabin comforts and an overall flying experience compared to the aluminium they had been using previously. Then Boeing wanted to add value to the consumer. Using the new composite materials and upgrading the electrical system to lithium-ion batteries fuel surcharges were reduced and Boeing was able to pass along the savings to the consumers. The increased durability of the aircraft also led to reduced maintenance costs therefore reducing the replacements necessary and in turn having cost saving effects for Boeing and the consumer. Consumers were happy and stock prices increased. Although things appeared to be going wonderfully, there was a huge concern with overheating batteries and it needed to be rectified as soon as possible. Because the batteries were outsourced, there should hae been support integrated ito the design plan for maintenance...
Words: 953 - Pages: 4
...Summary of Enterprise Architecture An Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a design or a conceptual blueprint of a business that defines the structure and operation of an organization. The purpose of an enterprise architecture is to depict the interrelationships of all components and the information flow. It shows how each component supports the objectives and strategies of an enterprise. To achieve an overall view and to depict all those components and information flow, it is necessary to apply some architecture principles and practices to guide organization through the business, information, process and technology changes. These practices utilize the various aspects of an enterprise to identify, motivate and achieve these things. The business practice and perspective defines the processes and standards by which the business operates on a day-to-day basis. The information practice and perspective defines and classifies raw data that the organization requires to operate efficiently. Such raw data could be document files, databases, images, diagrams, presentations and spreadsheets among many more things. Another practice and perspective is the process that defines how the processes interact and what standards are used to do so. The last practice and perspective is to look at the technology that defines what kind of hardware, operating systems, programming and networking is used by the organization. By establishing a powerful enterprise architecture there are of purported advantages...
Words: 356 - Pages: 2
