...Federal Reserve Bank of Boston or the Federal Reserve System. Price Discrimination in the Airline Market: The Effect of Market Concentration Joanna Stavins ABSTRACT Economic theory suggests that a monopolist can price discriminate more successfully than can a perfectly competitive firm. Most real-life markets, however, fall somewhere in between the two extremes. What happens as the market becomes more competitive: Does price discrimination increase or decrease? This paper examines how price discrimination changes with market concentration in the airline market. The paper uses data on prices and ticket restrictions across various routes within the United States, controlling for distances and airport gate restrictions. Price discrimination is found to increase as the markets become more competitive. Price Discrimination in the Airline Market: The Effect of Market Concentration Joanna Stavins In a perfectly competitive market, firms have no market power to discriminate by price. At the other extreme, a monopolist can, provided he has information about consumers’ taste differences and the transaction costs of setting multiple prices do not prevent such pricing strategies. Most real-life markets, however, fall somewhere in between the two extremes. What happens as the market becomes more competitive: Does price discrimination increase or decrease? From the above statements, it would seem that as market concentration increases, so should...
Words: 2946 - Pages: 12
...SATELLITE MISSILE DEFENCE SYSTEM Introduction. 1. United States of America has conducted extensive research and development on various types of missile defense technologies for decades. In December 2002, President Bush announced the United States would begin fielding several components of an anti-missile system designed to protect U.S. territory from attack by long-range (strategic) ballistic missiles under the project termed as National Missile Defence System. In July 2004, it fielded the first ground-based interceptor at Ft. Greely, Alaska, and since then has fielded and upgraded radars, built command and communication networks, and added interceptors at various Air Force Base inside USA and also pressing to field interceptors and a radar in Eastern Europe. 2. Hence, National missile defense (NMD) is a generic term for a type of missile defense intended to shield an entire country against incoming missiles, such as intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBMs) or other ballistic missiles. Interception might be by anti-ballistic missiles or directed-energy weapons such as lasers. Interception might occur near the launch point (boost phase), during flight through space (mid-course phase), or during atmospheric descent. 3. The system would use ground-based radars and space-based infrared and visible sensors, and the kill vehicle would be equipped with infrared and visible sensors intended to destroy targets by colliding with them in the mid-course of their trajectory...
Words: 4449 - Pages: 18
...TAXONOMY OLD VERSION | | | | Knowledge: Recall data or information. | Examples: Recite a policy. Quote prices from memory to a customer. Knows the safety rules.Key Words: defines, describes, identifies, knows, labels, lists, matches, names, outlines, recalls, recognizes, reproduces, selects, states. | Comprehension: Understand the meaning, translation, interpolation, and interpretation of instructions and problems. State a problem in one's own words. | Examples: Rewrites the principles of test writing. Explain in one's own words the steps for performing a complex task. Translates an equation into a computer spreadsheet.Key Words: comprehends, converts, defends, distinguishes, estimates, explains, extends, generalizes, gives an example, infers, interprets, paraphrases, predicts, rewrites, summarizes, translates. | Application: Use a concept in a new situation or unprompted use of an abstraction. Applies what was learned in the classroom into novel situations in the work place. | Examples: Use a manual to calculate an employee's vacation time. Apply laws of statistics to evaluate the reliability of a written test.Key Words: applies, changes, computes, constructs, demonstrates, discovers, manipulates, modifies, operates, predicts, prepares, produces, relates, shows, solves, uses. | Analysis: Separates material or concepts into component parts so that its organizational structure may be understood. Distinguishes between facts and inferences. | Examples: Troubleshoot a piece...
Words: 745 - Pages: 3
...law. It is illegal for employers to discriminate on any basis. Background of EEOC in USA: Overview The responsibility of the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is to enforce laws that make it illegal to discriminate against employees or job applicants based on race, religion, sex, origin, genetics, or pregnancy (EEOC, n.d.). It is also illegal for employers to discrimination against an employee because they have complained about discrimination, filed a charge, or is currently involved in a workplace discrimination investigation (EEOC, n.d.). Employers with at least 15 employees as...
Words: 1247 - Pages: 5
...SYLLABUS Cambridge IGCSE® Economics 0455 For examination in June and November 2016. Also for examination in March 2016 for India only. Cambridge Secondary 2 Changes to syllabus for 2016 This syllabus has been updated. Significant changes to the syllabus are indicated by black vertical lines either side of the text. Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a Centre. ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations © Cambridge International Examinations 2014 Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Why choose Cambridge? Why choose Cambridge IGCSE? Why choose Cambridge IGCSE Economics? Cambridge ICE (International Certificate of Education) How can I find out more? 2. Teacher support.............................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Support materials 2.2 Resource lists 2.3 Training 3. Syllabus content at a glance ........................................................................................... 6 4. Assessment at a glance .................
Words: 4494 - Pages: 18
...Disability Discrimination Act 1992 Act No. 135 of 1992 as amended This compilation was prepared on 8 January 2010 taking into account amendments up to Act No. 124 of 2009 The text of any of those amendments not in force on that date is appended in the Notes section The operation of amendments that have been incorporated may be affected by application provisions that are set out in the Notes section Prepared by the Office of Legislative Drafting and Publishing, Attorney-General’s Department, Canberra Contents Part 1—Preliminary 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 12A 13 14 1 Short title [see Note 1].......................................................................1 Commencement [see Note 1].............................................................1 Objects...............................................................................................1 Interpretation .....................................................................................2 Direct disability discrimination .........................................................8 Indirect disability discrimination.......................................................9 Discrimination in relation to associates .............................................9 Discrimination in relation to carers, assistants, assistance animals and disability aids...............................................................10 Carer, assistant, assistance animal and disability aid definitions.........................................
Words: 22464 - Pages: 90
...CODE OF ETHICS/PROFESSIONAL CODE OF CONDUCTS IN ICT INTRODUCTION In today’s model world, technology has become a backbone in each field. It has gained its impact in almost each and every area. With each passing day, new technology is immerged; hence a proper methodology for adopting these technologies should be there, hence there is need for ethics and code ofconduct. “The use of information technology in society is creating a rather unique set of ethical issues that requires the making of new moral choices on the part of society and has spawned special implications for its members.” Technology is neither the only nor necessarily the cause of these issues. These issues initially arise out of the Human Agency. Technology has the capability to augment mental and physical powers of human beings, and hence it stands as a role of co-conspirator. “The hire of power-enhancing capabilities makes technology an inducer of sorts, a necessary but not sufficient underpinning to many of the ethical issues we face today.” [3] WHAT ARE COMPUTER ETHICS AND CODE OF CONDUCT? Computer Ethics refers to the principles that are used for making model decision in regards to the computer technology and computer use. They are nonspecific and wide ranging [1]While Code of Conduct is a summary issued by the board of directors which highlights specific behaviours which are required or forbidden as a condition of on-going employment [2]. Both Ethics and Codes are similar in a way that they try to...
Words: 1856 - Pages: 8
...pricing, which offers greater social and economic gains than auctions or shopping agents. The thesis of this paper is that what really motivates commercial organizations (even though they often do not realize it clearly themselves) is the growing incentive to price discriminate, coupled with the increasing ability to price discriminate. It is the same incentive that has led to the airline yield management system, with a complex and constantly changing array of prices. It is also the same incentive that led railroads to invent a variety of price and quality differentiation schemes in the 19th century. Privacy intrusions serve to provide the information that allows sellers to determine buyers’ willingness to pay. They also allow monitoring of usage, to ensure that arbitrage is not used to bypass discriminatory pricing. Economically, price discrimination is usually regarded as desirable, since it often increases the efficiency of the economy. That is why it is frequently promoted by governments, either through explicit mandates or through indirect means. On the other hand, price discrimination often arouses strong opposition from the public. There is no easy resolution to the conflict between sellers’ incentives to price discriminate and buyers’ resistance to such...
Words: 11710 - Pages: 47
...closest fit to the person specification and should fulfil all the essential requirements. In-depth Content on this page • 1Shortlisting o 1.1Equality in shortlisting o 1.2Disabled candidates o 1.3Psychometric testing o 1.4Automated shortlisting • 2Interview planning o 2.1Arrangements for disabled candidates o 2.2Preparing for the interview o 2.3Interviewing o 2.4Interviewing disabled candidates o 2.5Panel interviews • 3Making the selection • 4Record keeping • 5Data protection issues • o 5.1Access to records • 6Job offers o 6.1Conditional offers o 6.2Discovering inconsistencies o 6.3References o 6.4Criminal records o 6.5Qualifications o 6.6Medical checks o 6.7Data protection issues regarding the verification of information o 6.8Human rights • 7Related policies and documents o 7.1Model documents o 7.2Policies and procedures 1. Shortlisting The key aim in shortlisting is to draw up a manageable list of candidates for interview, all of whom could potentially...
Words: 6517 - Pages: 27
...Laws and legislations There are many laws out there that cover near enough everything, so therefore with my business I will need to make sure I abide the laws which cover; health and safety, fire precautions, the environment, employee rights, the building, intellectual property (for example business names, inventions and copyrights), fair trading (consumer credit, consumer protection and competition law), keeping information about people, licences and insurance. Health and safety is the most important thing within any business, I must make sure everyone within Alcarwash is safe first before we do anything. I am responsible for the effect that Alcarwash may have on the health and safety of your employees and the consumers. I will have to make sure I register with the Health & Safety Executive (HSE) or with my Local Authority, so that they can come to check all aspects of the business and building to make sure that everything is in place and safe to operate around without it causing any damage to anyone around it. With healthy and safety comes thigs such as fire precautions; this is because I will need to make sure all my employees know what they are doing during a fire- so therefore I’ll need to practice drills, for when there is a fire my employees are aware what to do to keep themselves and others out of danger. Some laws set by HM Revenue & Customs, which I must abide by, are; Sex Discrimination The Sex Discrimination Act is a British Act of Parliament which became...
Words: 2475 - Pages: 10
...BTEC Level 3 -90 credits Diploma in business Unit13. Recruitment and Selection in Business Level 3 10 Credits Abdulkadir Shire Note: If the assignment brief has mentioned a specific organisation the learner may still choose any other organisation of his/her choice to answer the tasks ASSINMENT BRIEF BAILEY BUS & COACH COMPANY You work as an administrative officer in the Human Resources department of Bailey Bus & Coach Company, a large, family-owned company located in your town. The Human Resources Manager is Ahmed Fawzi and you report directly to him. The company has expanded a great deal in the past 12 months, mainly because of the acquisition of new contracts and the expansion of the coach tours into Europe. A development project is also ongoing which is investigating the feasibility of starting a new taxi or private hire vehicle business in the near future. This expansion in the business has increased the workload on the administrators. There are more drivers, more bus routes, and an increase in tours which have all led to more customers, more enquiries and a greater volume of incoming telephone calls and paperwork. The current senior administrative officer working in the General Office, Frances Duggan is struggling to hold things together and it has been decided to create a new post of Office Manager. Ahmed has asked you to help him with recruiting the new Office Manager and he will send you an email detailing...
Words: 4324 - Pages: 18
...Assignment Human Resources Management Task One: Personnel Management | Human Resources Management | Reactive: Personnel Management is reactive in such a way that thinks, and reacts in response to a situation or the actions of others at that moment (short time). For example if some worker is being regularly late, the P.M will react and give him a warning. | Proactive: Human Resources Management is proactive as a result of thinking, planning and acting in anticipation of future problems, needs, or changes. (Long term). For example what kind of people the company will recruit, what kind of workers they need, etc. | Relationship Oriented: P.M try to create a good relationship between the employees. They are focused on support, motivate and develop the people on their teams and their relationships, what will encourage good teamwork and collaboration, through stimulating positive relationships and good communication. | Goal Oriented: HRM has goals and visions and is constantly working hard to achieve them. They are focused on seeing if the employees are working to achieve the organisation’s goals. HRM don’t tend to think much about their team's wellbeing. | Communication is Limited: P.M receives orders from HRM. Since they don’t take such decisions as HRM does (They only implement what HRM decides.), they don’t need to communicate with the other departments as much as HRM does. | Informed decision: HRM department can’t work alone they have to work with upper and lower levels...
Words: 3597 - Pages: 15
...CIS 505 Business Data Communications Professor Dr. ED. Lindoo Strayer University Requirements for the Corporate Computing Function By Zena Shabazz The Corporate Computing Function, are needs that the facility must fulfill. The fifth point would be in the 9 point list because it would be a critical aspect of the Corporate Computing Function. The information requirement would implement the intelligence or the knowledge that is needed to support the actions or the decisions of the company. The information is absorbed by human beings. Information requirements dictate data and the processing specifications. I believe that if the information requirements are not correct that whatever follows will not be correct. There are needs that must be fulfilled by every company who uses the requirements for the corporate computing function, a case can clearly be made that requirements 1,3,7,8, and 9 can be satisfied with a distributed arrangement of low-cost servers, workstations, and personal computers. Widespread use of small computers can provide highly individualistic service to all the departments needing computing, allow users to establish and maintain autonomy in their operations using their own equipment, and provide users with hands-on opportunity to enjoy computing use while improving departmental productivity. Two aspects of the needs of users demonstrate the truth of the preceding statement: the need for new applications and the need for short response time....
Words: 911 - Pages: 4
...treatment to other LDS members when hiring. Through the process of this research I realized that my question was skewed, it wasn’t reverse discrimination at all. The population of Utah County consists of 97.5% members of the LDS church, and 88.7% of the population adheres to the LDS church (The Association of Religion Data Archives, 2010). In this context I will examine the preferential hiring practices of adherent religious member owned businesses when recruiting potential employees. Religion is a protected class, and discrimination of a protected class is a primary concern for the human resource industry. The importance of discrimination laws to human resources comes from a number of reasons: Out of motives ranging from concern for fairness to the desire to avoid costly lawsuits and settlements, most companies recognize the importance of complying with these laws. Often, management depends on the expertise of human resource professionals to help in identifying how to comply. (Noe, Hollenbeck, Gerhart, & Wright, 2011, pp. 72-73) A company found in violation of discrimination laws can be sued and penalized with compensatory and punitive damages between $50,000 and $300,000, depending on the size of the company (The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2013). This issue is also important to recruiting and retention aspects of human resources. Hiring based on religious beliefs could affect the overall performance of the company, negatively...
Words: 3710 - Pages: 15
...liver biopsy is a controversial topic in the management of chronic hepatitis C. it reveals important information about the degree of hepatic inflammation, staging of fibrosis, and histopathologic features. The biopsy is not mandatory in order to initiate therapy. A baseline liver biopsy may be helpful in making decisions if patients experience medication side effects and adjustment of treatment is necessary. In addition, a liver biopsy can be used to rule out other liver diseases in the initial workup of patients infected with chronic HCV. Steatosis and excess hepatocellular iron levels are two common liver biopsy findings that can impede a treatment response. Having one or both of these findings on biopsy is not a contraindication to initiate treatment, but their presence might help in predicting response to treatment (Strader et al., 2004 and Yasin et al., 2011). Diagnosis of acute hepatitis C When acute hepatitis C is suspected, the presence of both anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA should be tested. Measurable HCV RNA serum...
Words: 653 - Pages: 3
