...Lean Manufacturing in Milk Industry of Pakistan: An Analysis of a Distribution Warehouse. Nimra Masood1, Sara Shahid2,Muhammad Asim3 1 NUST Business School, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. 2 NUST Business School, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. 3 Center for Advance Studies in Engineering, Islamabad, Pakistan. (1n_masood@gmail.com),(2ss_sjm6@yahoo.com)(3a007pk@yahoo.com) Abstract – This Paper aims to apply Lean Manufacturing Tool to the Distribution Center of a Milk Industry in Pakistan. A survey to the Distribution Warehouse was made to identify different activities involved in the distribution process. A Process activity Map was Applied to further divided in to four main categories to indentify the effectiveness and efficiency of the whole process. Milk Industry is one of those industries which have its importance all over the world including Pakistan. The results indicate that there is a lot of room for improvement and expansion in the process. There is consistent increase in the need of milk in Pakistan with the Companies to benefit a lot from this region. The Findings suggested in this paper can help the milk manufacturers to effectively satisfy the customers and decrease the overall cost of production. Keywords – Lean Manufacturing, Process Activity Map, Distribution Warehouse of Milk Industry, Pakistan I. INTRODUCTION Milk industry is one of those industries which has its presence...
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...affects both young and old and is a source of concern to medics to find a solution to the challenge. This paper will dwell on elaborating on food allergies resulting from the intake of cow milk. Introduction Allergic reactions to the intake of cow milk, peanut, eggs, wheat, and fish to infants and children are common occurrences of cases of food allergy. This paper is a presentation of food allergies as a result of taking cow milk in babies and small children. The reason for choosing cow milk allergies is because it is the commonest of all food allergies and affects a majority of the infants and children. Again, cow milk is a common and necessary food substance for a healthy growth of infants and children. It is also readily available to majority households both in the rural and urban areas thus affecting a majority of infants and kids. The combination of these reasons makes cow milk a common food allergy thus prompting my desire to research on cow milk allergies. Where I undertook the research on cow milk allergies. Cow milk allergies affect a significant number of infants and school going children. I conducted my research at an immunization center for infants and children. From my efforts, I learnt that cow milk allergy was a grave cause for concern and there is a dire need to address it. From my research, I identified that it is important to educate parents and...
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...1011 Roop 2 Introduction This paper is about lactose intolerance, how it works and why it happens. This paper will discuss lactose intolerance form a molecular level to the evolutionary level. Also, this paper will outline an experiment designed to show the various levels of lactose and glucose in various samples of milk. First we must understand, what is lactose intolerance? To do that we must first understand what happens in the human body that defines lactose intolerance. The first step is learning what takes place in order to have a chemical reaction. Then, what happens during that reaction to make someone lactose intolerant or non lactose intolerant. Finally, what happened during evolution that makes some people lactose intolerant and some not. Enzymes are proteins that make reactions happen faster. (National Enzyme Company 2015). Enzymes regulate chemical reactions. They do this by binding to molecules called substrates. Enzyme activators are molecules that start or speed up an enzyme’s activity. (National Enzyme Company 2015). Like a baker getting an electric mixer instead of mixing by hand, the activators speed up the whole process. Now, reactions can’t happen all the time or you’d have to much of whatever the reaction produced. Like if a baker made kept making bread nonstop, you’d have way too much bread. Enzymes are controlled by inhibitors. An enzyme’s...
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...Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue 1, January-2013 ISSN 2229-5518 1 A CASE STUDY OF AMUL CO-OPERATIVE IN INDIA IN RELATION TO ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY FIRST AUTHOR Dr. Ruchira Prasad Lecturer in Management Seth Padam Chand Jain Institute of Management Agra University, Khandari, Agra Utter Pradesh, India Email: ruchi_1508@rediffmail.com SECOND AUTHOUR Dr. Rupali Satsangi Assistant Professor Department of Economics DEI. Dayalbagh Educational Institute Dayalbagh, Agra-2822005 Utter Pradesh, India Email: rupali22dei@gmail.com IJSER © 2013 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 4, Issue 1, January-2013 ISSN 2229-5518 2 A CASE STUDY OF AMUL CO-OPERATIVE IN INDIA IN RELATION TO ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY Dr. Ruchira Prasad and Dr. Rupali Satsangi ABSTRACT Organizational Structure can improve the working condition of an organization and a poor structure can ruin all the possibilities of openness, dynamism and decision-making. Organizational effectiveness on the other hand, is the extent to which an organization, given certain resources and means, achieves its objectives without placing undue strain on its members. Another important role is played by the technology. More an organization is able to adapt itself to the changing technology the better will be its efficiencies. In the present research paper a relationship between the designs...
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...Why are Record Numbers of People Now Going Vegan? While researching I have found out many new pieces of information which I knew nothing about previously. These newly acquired knowledge has affected my way of living. I was a vegetarian and I drank milk and used other dairy products (anything made from animals). However, now I prevent myself from using such products after knowing more about how animals are being forced to give milk and how they are being slaughtered for their flesh. While researching, I read some journals, books, magazines, and watched documentaries. I got emotional and I was affected and disturbed by what I read and watched. My goal in this paper is to make it clear that we can live without meat and flesh but we cannot live...
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...Milk Price Investigation MAB233 Engineering Mathematics 3 Group Report Due Date: 5th November, 2012 Table of Contents Executive Summary 5 1.0 Introduction 6 2.0 Data Collection 6 2.1 Context and issues of interest 6 2.2 Planning and collection of data 6 2.2.1 Planning 6 2.2.2 Collection of variables 7 2.3 Quality of data and discussion 8 3.0 Data Exploration 9 3.1 Handling and processing data 9 3.2 Exploring and analysis 10 3.2.1 Histogram of unit price 10 3.2.2 Stem-and-leaf of price and unit price 11 3.2.3 Descriptive Statistics of price, unit price with type 12 3.2.4 Scatterplot of unit price, quality guarantee period and type of milk 13 3.2.5 Dotplot of price 14 3.2.6 Boxplot of unit price 15 3.2.7 Bar chart of container size and packaging 15 3.2.8 Pie chart of brand 16 3.3 Observation and commenting 16 4.0 Data analysis 17 4.1 One way ANOVA analysis 17 4.1.1 Price versus Packaging 17 4.1.2 Price versus Quality guarantee period 19 4.1.3 Unit price versus Type 21 4.1.4 Unit price versus Brand 23 4.2 Two way ANOVA analysis 26 4.2.1 Price versus Quality guarantee period and Type 26 4.2.2 Unit price versus Store and Brand 28 4.3 Regression 30 5.0 Conclusion 31 Reference 32 Appendix 33 Appendix A 33 Appendix B 34 List of Illustrations Figure 1. Planning for data collection 7 Figure 2. Grouped histogram of unit price 10 Figure 3. Stem-and-leaf of unit price 11 Figure 4. Stem-and-leaf of price…………………………………………………………………………………………………12 ...
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...tried dringking milk tea, you better try drinking it, its worthy to spend a little penny for it. Milk tea it’s not just a simple tea. It’s a gift to us people during our bad days or the not-so-bad-days (stressful days). The “ancestor” of bubble tea originated in the early 80’s from a tea shop called Chun Shui Tang (春水堂) in Taichung, Taiwan. Unlike the fully loaded pearl milk tea, the oldest form of bubble tea was made by mixing cold black tea with fructose syrup using a shaker. According to Liu Han-Chieh (劉漢介), the founder of the tea shop, his wife named it bubble tea after seeing the layer of foam that ended up on top of the tea. After successfully marking a turning point for Taiwanese tea culture, Liu introduced the pearl milk tea in 1987. In the beginning, other ingredients were added to the milk tea such as fruits and sugar coated yam. (http://recultured.com/fooddrinks/09/the-history-of-pearl-milk-tea). Milk tea is a very sweet tea that is often used in boba. Milk tea/ Boba is a drink consisting of tea and balls of tapioca/pearl and honey. Milk tea is really good for the health because of its natural vitamins that we can get by drinking it, that is because of the added ingredients, this milk tea is much higher in calories than standard tea. Milk tea is a beverage obtained by mixing green or black tea with milk. Milk tea offers a combination of beneficial health effects that come with catechin antioxidants and L-theanine of tea and protein and calcium of milk if you are not...
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...(Department of CARRS) Dr. Dale Rozeboom (Animal Science) Prepared by: Victoria Campbell-Arvai Department of CARRS, Michigan State University August 17, 2009 Literature Review: A Comparison of Dairy Production Systems SUMMARY This literature review focused on studies comparing the effects of dairy production systems (pasture-based, conventional/confinement1, and mixed) on (i) environmental issues, (ii) social issues, (iii) economic issues, (iv) human health issues, and (v) animal welfare issues. The review was based on peer-reviewed research papers identified by experts at MSU, as well as (where specifically suggested) non peer-reviewed university and government reports. Additional studies were identified from the reference section of recommended papers, as well as via their citation index (primarily Google Scholar). A synopsis of each section is available below, as well as at the end of each section. There is a great deal of research –much of it based in the United States- on the environmental effects of all types of dairy farming, including intensive/confinement, mixed, pasture-based, and management-intensive rotational grazing (MIRG) operations. The vast majority of studies identified for this review focused on the fate and management of excess nitrogen and phosphorous, their effects on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and contributions to air quality and climate change. Many environmental mitigation efforts were suggested, including balancing nutrient inputs/outputs...
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...shelves with lots of options so that we are able to purchase what we want; that means food items too. We like to plan our meals in advance and then go to the grocery and buy the items we need for those meals. We can also just pick out items that are readily available and then plan our meals around those items. What we usually don’t do, is think about where those items come from. Some of the items may come from here in the United States and some may come from other counties. There could be good things and not so good things come from items produced inside and outside of the United States. One of the good things is that the items that are produced and used in the U.S. help our struggling economy. An example of this would be milk that is produced from cows and collected at a farm and brought to a pasteurization plant where it is processed. Since milk spoils so quickly it’s usually sent to a plant that is fairly close to the farm. They test the milk for antibiotics and then it’s pumped into holding tanks and processed in 24 to 72 hours of the time it gets to the plant. It is kept under 45 degrees from the time it gets into the transportation truck until the time it’s processed. After it’s processed it is put in cartons and taken to the store still being kept below 45 degrees. Milk is never shipped to other countries because of the fact it needs to be kept refrigerated. (Milk Processing, 2007) One of the not so good things about products produced in other countries is...
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...breastfeeding is no longer the trend and formula is in. My purpose for this paper is to figure out if breastfeeding is truly the best choice for a baby. Being young and hopeful, I one day want to have a child of my own, so hopefully this research will allow me to decide if I will breastfeed my baby. There are a lot of advantages to breastfeeding an infant. The advantages appeal not only to the infant but also to the mother. To start out breast milk is always warm and ready compared to having to prepare a bottle of formula. Not only is breast milk always ready but it also is zero dollars. Formula can be extremely expensive to continuously buy. Breastfeeding is much more accessible and is the least expensive option. Along with being convenient breast milk also enhances brain development and the infants I.Q. in ways that formula cannot. A longitudinal study over a period of eighteen years involving one thousand children was preformed to show breastfed infants grew up to have both higher intelligence and academic achievement than those who were formula fed (Burby). Research has determined that a child’s first three years are the most critical in brain development. The infant’s nutrition during these essential periods in early growth and development permanently affects the structure and function of the infant’s organs and tissues. The infant’s nutrition starts in utero and continues with breastfeeding. Human milk is able to meet all of the challenging requirements the infant needs...
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...The Packaged Milk Industry Marketing Essay Introduction According to Dairy Index 2012, Pakistan is the third largest milk producing and consuming country in the world with 64 percent of the country’s population classified as “Deeper in the Pyramid’ (DIP), which represents 60 percent of LDP consumption. The livestock sector alone contributes 11% of the country’s GDP, with an estimated 42 billion litres of milk produced per annum. The total revenue from these dairy products is estimated as US$ 26 billion per annum. As per the Economic Survey of Pakistan 2009, Pakistan has a herd size of around 63 million animals, which is the 3rd largest in the world. About 35 million people are involved in dairy farming, deriving more than 40% of their total income from livestock. For these farmers, dairy animals provide milk for domestic consumption as well as meagre income through the sale of milk. In rural Pakistani culture livestock is a storer of wealth. It is viewed as important social capital and offers insurance to the owner in times of financial distress. Pakistan lacks the essential infrastructure that is needed for safe storage and transportation of farm produce. According to the Livestock and Dairy Development Board, 20 percent of the current milk production is lost due to poor infrastructure. Poor research facilities, technological backwardness and lack of processing facilities have resulted in generating fewer jobs and adding virtually no value to its agriculture produce. Of all...
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...REVIEW AND RECONCILIATION Nalini Kumar (An Earlier draft of this paper was used as the Background Paper for OED-IRMA Workshop on Impact of Operation Flood held at IRMA, March 17-18, 1997) Institute of Rural Management Anand Post Box 60, Anand-388001, India August, 1997 Contents 1. Introduction ..............................................................................................1 Key Players in the Field ...................................................................1 The Impact of Operation Flood .......................................................2 Women in Operation Flood .............................................................3 Implementation of Operation Flood .................................................4 Sustainability ...............................................................................4 2. Key Players in the Field The Indo-Dutch Group Other Players ...........................................................................5 ....................................................................5 .............................................................................6 3. Production Impact of Operation Flood ....................................................7 Background ................................................................................7 Evidence of Increase in Milk Production ..........................................7 Causes of Growth in Milk production ...............................................10 4. Socio...
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...Medina Oisin Halpin Leyre Santana León Universidad Carlos III Madrid 8.11.2013 Spanish Consumers‘ Perception of Functional Foods – A case study of Puleva Omega-3 Spanish Consumers‘ Perception of Functional Foods – A case study of Puleva Omega-3 Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2 1.1. Presentation of the Problem 2 1.1.1. Focus of our Study 2 1.2. Purpose of the Thesis 3 1.2.1. Research Question 3 1.3. Clarification of the Main Concepts 3 1.4. Structure of the Thesis 4 2. Methodology and Theory 5 2.1. Methodology 5 2.1.1. Research Design 5 2.2. Method 8 2.3. Research Techniques 8 2.3.1. Laddering 8 2.3.2. Questionnaire 10 3. Potential Conclusions 14 3.1. Recommendations to the Ebro Puleva Company 16 Appendices 17 Appendix 1 – Types of functional food. 17 Appendix 2 – SWOT Analysis of PO-3. 17 Appendix 3 – Purposes of Mixed Methods Research. 18 Appendix 4 – Hypothetical Laddering Interview + MEC 19 Appendix 5 – The Questionnaire Design. 20 Bibliography 32 1. ------------------------------------------------- Introduction Consumers increasingly believe that what they eat directly affects their state of health (Mollet and Rowland, 2002). Foods are no longer intended to only satisfy hunger and provide vital nutrients; they are also called upon to improve the general condition of the body (e.g. pre- and probiotics) and mental...
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...Running head: SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY PAPER Scientific Discovery Paper On Penicillin Tracey Ann Elledge University of Phoenix, Las Vegas NV Creative Minds and Critical Thinking PHL 458 Cornell Horn, M.A.; M.A. December 01, 2009 Scientific Discovery Paper Penicillin is an antibiotic that destroys bacteria by destroying the cell wall of the microorganism. It does this by inactivating an enzyme necessary for the cross linking of bacterial cell walls. The enzyme is known as the Tran peptidase. It accepts the penicillin as a substrate, it the alkanolates a nucleophilic oxygen of the enzyme, rendering it inactive. Cell wall construction stops and the bacteria soon die. The antibiotic nature of the penicillin so due to the strain lactam ring, on opening the ring strain is relieved this makes penicillin more reactive than ordinary amides. Before penicillin a simple pinprick or tiny cut could have been lethal. There are so many people easily catching infections that would rage out of control. Children died regularly from scarlet fever, from infections of the bones, throat, stomach or, brain. Many of us would not be here today had it not been for the discovery of penicillin. In 1928, Alexander Fleming made a chance discovery from an already discarded, contaminated Petri dish. The mold that had contaminated the experiment turned out to contain powerful antibiotic, penicillin. However, though Fleming was credited with the discovery, it was over a decade...
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...Factors…………………………………………………………4 Uncontrollable Factors………………………………………………………5 Target Market Description ………………………………………………………6 SWOT……................................................................................................................12 Marketing Strategies……………………………………………………………..13 Product Description and the Competition……………………………………….13 Placing…………………………………………………………………………...20 Pricing…………………………………………………………………………...23 Promotion………………………………………………………………………..25 Primary research…………………………………………………………….27 Packaging …………………………………………………………………..30 Advertising………………………………………………………………….32 Conclusion…............................................................................................................35 Bibliography…….....................................................................................................36 Appendix ……...........................................................................................................38 Press release………………………………………………………………………38 Research Question………………………………………………………………..39 Team Attendance Report.......................................................................................42 Situation Analysis History of the Company The company’s full name is China Mengniu Dairy Company Limited. The company locates in Helingee County in Huhehaote economic section, Inner Mongolia, China. The president Niu Gensheng set the...
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