...truck, auto and financial service providers. In 1933, Kiichiro Toyoda established an automobile division within an already successful Japanese company, Toyoda Automatic Loom Works, Ltd., a manufacturer of textile looms. In 1935, Toyota had established its first dealership and produced their first vehicle. In 1937, the division became an independent company within the group and became known as Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC). In 1957, they had imported their first passenger car from Japan into the United States. In1960’s, Toyota was clearly in the path to becoming a multinational corporation by opening a vehicle plant in Brazil and their first Asian vehicle plant in Thailand. In 1989, TOYOTA branched out by established a luxury line of vehicles with debut of LEXUS LS 400 and the ES250. In 1999, Total vehicle production reached 100 million in Japan. In 2003, they became the world’s number 2 in terms of annual sales, as they overtook Ford Motor Company and coming behind General Motor. In 2008-2010 sales of vehicles is the first in the world for 3 consecutive years. 2|Page Business Overview Toyota sells its vehicles in more than 170 countries and regions. The company’s primary markets for its automobiles are Japan, North America, Europe and Asia. Toyota has 51 vehicle manufacturing, assembly plants in 26 countries around the world and 12 research, development and design centers and employs approximately 310,000 personnel. Toyota sold 8.52 million vehicles in fiscal 2007 on a consolidated...
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...Introduction Exercise 1: Toyota Production System (TPS) today TPS term definitions & practical examples IV Exercise 1: TPS as a total entity Advantages Limitations Evolution TPS use among other companies V Exercise 2: Grid analysis (Weighted scoring model) Exogenous factors & assumptions Endogenous factors & assumptions Constraints VI VII Exercise 2: Location recommendation Exercise 3: Decision tree analysis TMMC production capacity recommendation Limitations Past performance: RX 330/350 VIII Exercise 4: Current regional production strategy Assessment Change recommendations IX Summary Appendix A References Page 2 3 4 4 7 7 8 8 9 10 11 13 16 16 17 17 18 19 19 19 21 21 23 24 1 I. Executive Summary Toyota Motor Corporation is leading the way to future mobility through innovation, productivity, quality and efficiency. Toyota uses a self-developed strategy known as the Toyota Production System (TPS) to guide business process improvements. This strategy applies principles of “just-in-time” production, also called “lean”, to align supply closely with consumer demand while avoiding surplus inventory. The report defines eight TPS terms, i.e. jidoka, just-intime, hoshin, heijunka, muda, kaizen, standardized work, and pokayoke; and gives examples of how terms are applied in other industries. TPS has been utilized by a variety of industries all over the world, though many organizations tailor system components to their needs rather than embracing TPS as a total management system. The...
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...Planning/Assessing Production for Toyota North America Executive Summary The Toyota Production System (TPS) is an integrated approach to work design that was developed and implemented by Toyota. The key characteristic of this system is that it takes into account the interactions that occur between technology and the human counterparts, which include employees, suppliers and customers. At its core, the TPS is a direct reflection of Toyota's management style and practices. The following summary will examine the TPS, including key terms that form the framework for the TPS, a comparison of the two most optimal locations, through the use of the weighted scoring model, for the selection of the North American plant which will be responsible for the production of the new Lexus RX330 line, an exploration of the production capacities through the use of decision trees, and provide an overall assessment of Toyota's current production strategy. I. Critical Assessment of the Toyota Production System (TPS) Today TPS Terms 1. Genchi Genbutsu- In essence means one has to observe a problem to fully understand it. One cannot simply rely on their second hand experience and second hand accounts of their experiences. For example, during hurricane Katrina, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) initially heard second hand accounts of the damage and devastation experienced by residents of Katrina. FEMA was unable to thoroughly assess the state of emergency and issues at...
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...Toyota Case Toyota Motor Corp. (TMC) Should the new Toyota president accelerate the launch scheduled for the Toyota Prius? The plan to introduce the car “at the end of 1998 with expected production of 1000 units per month…” (Reinhardt, Yao & Egawa, 2006) is an extremely aggressive and ambitious goal; but, is it in TMC’s best interest to speed up the planned launch? There is no doubt that the new president (Hiroshi Okuda) is under extreme pressure to compete in a global market, he believes the company should radically alter its image to attract new customers and gain a competitive advantage while systematically facilitating environmentally-socially responsible practices. It may very well be that TMC should push for a faster launch; but, there are a few things we must take into consideration before we encourage our Toyota team to make any hasty changes. The auto mobile industry faces many challenges (as most industries do) however; this industry is unique in its own way. The industries high barriers to entry, high capital cost, and unique manufacturing facilities make managerial mistakes extremely costly (complete failure is not easily corrected, much less when you change the economies of scale platform). Before making any drastic changes to the manufacturing process, TMC must first analyze its: competition, market, government regulations, facility capabilities, management practices and overall responsibilities (responsibilities include anything from: reaching Goals...
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...UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI PROJECT REPORT ON MARKETING STRATEGIES & PLANS OF TOYOTA MOTORS BY MR. JITEN H MENGHANI ROLL NO 32 M.COM. (PART-1) ACADEMIC YEAR 2013-2014 PROJECT GUIDE PROF. MRS N.A. NERURKAR PARLE TILAK VIDYALAYA ASSOCIATION’S M.L.DAHANUKAR COLLEGE OF COMMERCE DIXIT ROAD, VILE PARLE (EAST) MUMBAI-400 057 DECLARATION I, MR. JITEN H MENGHANI OF PARLE TILAK VIDYALAYA ASSOCIATION’S, M.L.DAHANUKAR COLLEGE OF COMMERCE of M.COM (PART-1) (Semester-2) hereby Declare that I have completed this project on MARKETING STRATEGIES & PLANS OF TOYOTA MOTORS in The Academic year 2013-2014. The information Submitted is true & original to the best of knowledge. ----------------------- (Signature of student) JITEN.H.MENGHANI ACKNOWLEGEMENT To list who all have helped me is difficult because they are so numerous and the depth is so enormous. I would like to acknowledge the following as being idealistic channels and fresh dimensions in the completion of this project I take this opportunity to thank the University of Mumbai for giving me chance to do this project. I would like thank my Principal, Dr. Madhavi.S.Pethe for providing the necessary facilities required for completion of this project. I would also like to express my sincere gratitude towards my project guide PROF. MRS N.A. NERURKAR whose guidance and care made the project successful. ...
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...How Toyota Ought to Organize its Decision Processes to Minimize the Risk of Major Design Flaws that Lead to Massive Recalls and Driver Deaths from the Perspective of Organization Design and Decision-Making Abstract Japanese automaker, Toyota was a quality assurance trademark trusted by consumers worldwide. Though, in recent years, the company has been inundated by numerous vehicle recalls. Toyota’s quality problems surfaced when it was forced to recall nearly 7 million vehicles in the late part of 2009 (Chris, 2010). The recall crisis of 2009-2010 prompted a wave of negative publicity for the company (Chris, 2010). Many issues were discovered that led to the recalls. Sticky gas pedals, pedal entrapment, and software glitches that affected braking in some models were some of the problem areas (Trudell, 2014). Over time, the safety related recalls continued growing. In fact, by May 2011, the automaker had recalled close to 20 million vehicles (Trudell, 2014). Naturally, the numerous recalls and lawsuits that ensued threatened to damage Toyota’s image; thus, to rectify this the company should organize its decision processes more efficiently. Keywords: organizational change, recall, total quality management Introduction For decades, Toyota set the standard for quality and reliability in the automotive industry. In fact, the Toyota brand has been touted as the pinnacle of automotive excellence by rating industries and industry consultants (Piotrowski & Gray, 2010)...
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...TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION Toyota Motor Corporation is a famous Japanese multinational corporation and can be taken as the second largest producers of trucks, automobiles, robots, buses and financial services as well. Kiichiro Toyoda is the founder of Toyota who was popular for inventing the automatic loom. The spirit of creation and research was inherited by Kiichiro from his father and thus he spends his entire life in the spirit of manufacturing cars. Many years of hard work finally made Kiichiro in completing the A1 prototype vehicle in the year of 1935, which is said to be the beginning of creation of Toyota Motors Corporation. The company's first Type A Engine manufactured in the year 1934 was then used in the first Model A1 passenger car manufactured in the year 1935 and the G1 truck which was later manufactured in the year 1935 all which actually led to the AA Model passenger car in the year 1936. In addition to the car business, the company works on textile business as well where they made automatic loom and which is now working fully computerized and their electric sewing machines are available all over the world. The company now has a number of factories around the world where they manufacture and assemble vehicles within the local market for distribution. Toyota factories are located in countries such as Australia, United Kingdom, Canada, Czech Republic, Poland, United States, France, Philippines, Vietnam, China, Thailand, Malaysia, Mexico, India, Pakistan, Indonesia...
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...references. All group members have worked effectively and cohesively in this project and share equal contribution. 1.4 Summary/Abstract In this assignment we will be analysing two different car manufacturers. The brands we have chosen are Mercedes Benz and Toyota. In this report we will be presenting the brands’ history and development, the macro environment affecting them, and their organizations within industry inclusive of the marketing position, target markets and the marketing mix. At the end of the report a comparison is given between the two brands. Mercedes-Benz is one of the world’s oldest automotive brand still in existence today. Mercedes-Benz has built an outstanding reputation of quality and exclusivity throughout its product lines. It is a globally recognized...
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...CHAPTER 17 CAPITAL BUDGETING FOR THE MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION This chapter focuses on three aspects of foreign investment analysis that are infrequently considered in evaluating domestic projects: the difference between project and parent cash flows; incorporating political risks such as expropriation and currency controls; and factoring in inflation and exchange rate changes in cash flow estimates. It also evaluates the various methods used to incorporate in the investment analysis the additional risks encountered overseas. These points are brought out in the process of working through the International Diesel Corporation Case. The ability to perform a capital budgeting analysis is one of the most valuable skills we can provide our students; this case is designed to make them aware of many of the intricacies involved in doing such an analysis. At the back of the chapter I have included a set of questions (2-13) that students should bear in mind while reading the case. Addressing these questions will help them to get more out of the case. I have found that a quick review of capital budgeting basics, given in the first section, is useful for most students. The key point made in Appendix 17A is that a firm's exposure to political risk is a function of government actions and the impact of those actions on the firm's cash flows. The corollary is that a firm can take actions, preferably before making an investment, to reduce its susceptibility to political risk. Thus, much...
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...necessary need. The additional value can be reflected in the equipment, performance, comfort, design, status and prestige that the product supplies. Threat of new entrants: The threat of new entrants to the luxury car industry is relatively low. In order to enter the automotive market, an enormous amount of capital is required. Besides capital, a new firm that is interested in entering the market needs to conduct in-depth research beforehand. An entering firm would need a tremendous amount of implicit and explicit knowledge in order to design and manufacture a product that has never been presented or offered before. An automobile manufacturing facility is very specific and specialized; therefore in the event of a failure or malfunction, the cost of repair is extensive. Brand equity is an additional barrier to entry. Exclusive high quality luxury car brands have established extremely high brand equity- value over time. This is one of the main reasons why the public is willing to pay premium price for it. Although the barriers to this exclusive market are substantial, there are various ways around this obstacle. Companies who are well established in the automobile sector may enter the new market (luxury cars) through strategic partnerships or through buying out or merging with other companies. Threat of substitutes: The threat of substitutes in the luxury car industry is relative. The numerous available substitutes for the public include alternative forms of transportation...
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...showered on us by providing us with all necessary facilities. We are thankful to him, for his expert advice and help which has always been source of inspiration for us. Above all, we owe everything to the Almighty and well-wishers for their valuable contribution and insights. However, we have taken utmost care in preparing this project report, mistakes would have crept though. (12010121196) Ms. N AMULYA REDDY (12010121213) Ms. NIKITA SINGHANIA (12010121276) Mr. REUBEN JOSEPH (12010121032) Mr. AMIT KUMAR JENA (12010121057) Ms. ARPITA DEB (12010121316) Ms. SAYONEE DATTA 1 Topic. Case Summary Q1: Toyota's revolutionary lean production Q2: Compare and contrast the arm's length relationships Q3: Development of Toyota's revolutionary "lean production system" Q4: Toyota enter into the NUMMI Q5: Toyota's subsequent expansion Q6: Role of national culture in shaping Toyota's lean production system Q7: Toyota is becoming more of a global corporation Page No. 03 05 07 08 09 10 12 13 2 SUMMARY Background Toyota is a multinational automobile manufacturing corporation headquartered in Japan. The company was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda in 1937 as a spin-off from...
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...PORTER’S COST LEADERSHIP AND DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGIES Y. Datta Ph.D., State University of New York at Buffalo Professor Emeritus College of Business Northern Kentucky University Highland Heights, KY 41099 (USA) 7539, Tiki Av. Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA Tel: (513) 984-1032 [Home] Fax: (513) 984-1032 E-Mail: datta@nku.edu A paper accepted for presentation at the 9th Oxford Business & Economics Conference to be held in Oxford, England, June 22-24. Table of Contents A Critique of Porter’s Cost Leadership and Differentiation Strategies 4 ABSTRACT 4 Key Words 4 INTRODUCTION 5 COST LEADERSHIP STRATEGY 5 Major Reliance on Modern Capital Equipment 7 Relying on the Experience Curve to Underprice Competition Risky 7 A Cost Leader Cannot Ignore Differentiation 8 No Such Thing as a "Commodity": Everything Can Be Differentiated 9 High Market Share a Prior Condition for Cost Leadership? 10 Porter Identifies High Market Share with Cost Leadership Strategy 10 Differentiation--Not Cost Leadership Alone--Behind GM’s and Whirlpool’s Success 11 “Low-Cost” or “Low-Price” Strategy? 12 Thompson and Strickland’s Low-cost Provider Strategy 14 Internal Orientation of Cost Leadership Strategy 14 DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGY 15 Superiority of Differentiation over Cost Leadership Strategy 16 Porter: Differentiation and High Market Share Incompatible 17 Differentiation Compatible with High Market Share--and Low Cost 18 Even higher...
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...OF PORTER’S COST LEADERSHIP AND DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGIES Y. Datta Ph.D., State University of New York at Buffalo Professor Emeritus College of Business Northern Kentucky University Highland Heights, KY 41099 (USA) 7539, Tiki Av. Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA Tel: (513) 984-1032 [Home] Fax: (513) 984-1032 E-Mail: datta@nku.edu A paper accepted for presentation at the 9th Oxford Business & Economics Conference to be held in Oxford, England, June 22-24. Table of Contents A Critique of Porter’s Cost Leadership and Differentiation Strategies 4 ABSTRACT 4 Key Words 4 INTRODUCTION 5 COST LEADERSHIP STRATEGY 5 Major Reliance on Modern Capital Equipment 7 Relying on the Experience Curve to Underprice Competition Risky 7 A Cost Leader Cannot Ignore Differentiation 8 No Such Thing as a "Commodity": Everything Can Be Differentiated 9 High Market Share a Prior Condition for Cost Leadership? 10 Porter Identifies High Market Share with Cost Leadership Strategy 10 Differentiation--Not Cost Leadership Alone--Behind GM’s and Whirlpool’s Success 11 “Low-Cost” or “Low-Price” Strategy? 12 Thompson and Strickland’s Low-cost Provider Strategy 14 Internal Orientation of Cost Leadership Strategy 14 DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGY 15 Superiority of Differentiation over Cost Leadership Strategy 16 Porter: Differentiation and High Market Share Incompatible 17 Differentiation Compatible with High Market Share--and Low Cost 18 Even higher...
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...AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Submitted by Team A Donald Bradley Morgan Bruns Adam Fleming Jay Ling Lauren Margolin Felipe Roman Presented to: Prof. Alan Flury December 5, 2005 ME 6753: Principles of Management for Engineers Executive Summary Chosen industry: This analysis focuses on the automotive industry, specifically, large-scale manufacturers of automobiles. The automotive industry is inherently interesting: it is massive, it is competitive, and it is expected to undergo major restructuring in the near future due to globalization and decreasing oil reserves. The analysis team members (we) feel qualified to perform this investigation due to our familiarity with the industry and our education—several of us have studied and worked on problems associated with automobile manufacturing and we are all mechanical engineering graduate students. Analysis Methodology: The report begins with a historical overview of the automotive industry. This is followed by an analysis of the industry’s structural characteristics using Porter’s 5 Forces Model as a framework, which provides an understanding of the automotive industry as a whole in its current state. Next, ten representative companies of varying sizes are analyzed and compared; the chosen companies and selection criteria follow. General Motors, Ford, and Toyota were chosen because they are the current market leaders. DaimlerChrysler, Nissan, Volkswagen, and Honda were chosen because of their status as stable international...
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...Market 6 Demographic 6 Psychographic 6 Geographic 7 Toyota 8 SWOT Analysis 8 Campaign Objectives 10 Creative Strategy 11 Communications Mix 12 Recommended Campaign 13 Media Strategy 13 Timing and Budgets 14 Figure 4: Communications Schedule Year One 15 Figure 5: Communications Schedule Year Two & Three 15 Post Campaign Testing 17 Summary 17 Appendix 18 Attitudes of Consumers Towards Green Cars (% of respondents),2002 18 Media uses Advantages and Disadvantages 19 Brad: Advertising Costings Bibliography & References 2 20 Toyota Prius •••• •••• •••• Executive Summary Full service agency “Oakly & Oakley” has been asked to prepare a three-year communications plan for the Toyota Prius, which is to be launched in the UK. Market analysis identified the target market, which consists of two groups: private and corporate buyers. Next to the demographic profile, three different psychographic profiles amongst the private buyer and their media usage have been identified. Consequently a communications strategy that makes use of these media has been created. The strategy will use PR, Advertising, direct mail and Personal Selling. TV, Print, Outdoor and the Internet will be the main media. The Creative strategy is designed to emphasize the unique selling points of the Prius and weaken the target markets objections. The budget has been allocated, however it is...
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