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Training

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Training consists of planed programs designed for individuals, group and or organizations to improve performance, in turns that implies that measurable changes knowledge, skills, attitudes and social behavior.
“When we examine the training enterprise as a whole, it is clear that training issues can be addressed from at least two perspectives. At the structural level, we can examine issues such as the following, among others: the aggregate level of expenditures by the various providers of training (e.g., federal, state, and local governments, educational institutions, private-sector businesses), the degree of cooperation among the providers, incentives (or lack of incentives) for providing training, who gets training, and the economic impact of training.4 These are macro-level concerns.”
This means that before beginning a training, the company examine each of their employees and everything else from the government that is in charge and the laws that makes them work legally and everything else.
In the United States there a few training trends that suggest the time and the money that could be budgeted from a company for the next decade. These contains automation, continuing worker displacement, acquisitions, downsizing. In 2004 for an example 87% of US employees worked in service based industries, which they had major challenges as for: 1. Hyper competition 2. A power shift to the customer 3. Collaboration across organizational and geographic boundaries 4. The need to maintain high levels of talent. 5. Changes in the workforce 6. Changes in technology 7. Teams

Mentoring and coaching has become important in the means in the management development, because of the purposes that includes similar aspects of the concept and terms are used frequently and often in literature, in way that are discussed together. Both mentoring and coaching can occur either formally or informally, that can be primarily development in one on one learning. Mentoring is an approach for creating a practical relationship to enhance individual, personal and professional growth in a career. Coaching is considered a responsibility of an immediate boss that provides assistance, like a mentor. The coach has greater experience than a protégé and could bring advice to him/her. Coaching has been and excellent way to develop manager and executives, although some companies provide inside coaches and individual managers.

“Feedback is essential both for learning and for trainee motivation. The emphasis should be on when and how the trainee has done something correctly; for example, “You did a good job on that report you turned in yesterday—it was brief and to the heart of the issues.” Word like these can make a trainee feel confident of the job that is doing and it benefits the company to have an outstanding future employee. It’s important because this means that he is doing a great job and could bring more performance in the work area. Also the feedback can affect a group as well as individual performance. To not let this happen, the company needs to provide feedback as soon as possible to a trainee that is demonstrating good performance, especially when is someone new. It doesn’t have to be instantaneous, but there should be no confusion regarding the work that a trainee is doing. Feedbacks are not always positive, but to keep it in mind that the most powerful rewards are likely those that are provided by the trainee’s immediate supervisor. New training methods appear every year, while other training methods are founded from theories and models of behavior change, some of them appear more technological than others theoretical developments.
“Training models can be classified in: Information presentation techniques include lectures, conferences, correspondence courses, videos/compact disks (CDs), distance learning, interactive multimedia (CDs/DVDs), intranet and Internet, intelligent tutoring,81 and organization development—systematic, long-range programs of organizational improvement. Simulation methods include the case method, role playing, behavior modeling, interactive simulations for virtual teams, virtual reality, the in-basket technique, and business simulations. On-the-job training methods include orientation training, apprenticeships, on-the-job training, near-the-job training (using identical equipment but away from the job itself), job rotation, committee assignments (or junior executive boards), understudy assignments, on-the-job coaching, and performance management.”
Training, Coaching and Mentoring develop a context in which it helps to develop interpersonal skills, this methods are typically chosen to archive more than three objectives 1. “Promoting self-insight and environmental awareness—that is, an understanding of how a person's actions affect others and how a person is viewed by others. For example, at Parfums Stern, employees act out customer/salesperson roles to better understand customers' emotions. Wendy's International videotapes customers with disabilities; in one video a blind.”

2. “Improving the ability of managers and lower-level employees to make decisions and to solve job-related problems in a constructive fashion.”

3. “Maximizing the desire to perform well”

Training, Mentoring and Coaching Needs

In this case there are four ways so the companies or any kind of job can fulfilled their training needs to new employees and new things that old employees can relate too

1. “Organization analysis focuses on identifying where within the organization training is needed.” 2. “Organization analysis focuses on identifying where within the organization training is needed.” 3. “Operations analysis attempts to identify the content of training—what an employee must do in order to perform competently.” 4. “Individual analysis determines how well each employee is performing the tasks that make up his or her job”
It’s important to analyze the needs against any backdrop of objectives and strategies, unless the company may waste time, money and effort in training programs that may not advance. Also it’s essential to analyze the organization external environment. Some strategic trends of a business are, judicial decisions, civil right laws, union activities and others. In summary the first step it’s the most critical to relate trainings needs to achievement of organization goals, if the connection is not made, the training is completely unnecessary, however if the training needs to surface at the organization level a demographic analysis would be the next step. In evaluating training programs, it is important to distinguish targets of evaluation (training content and design, changes in learners, and organizational payoffs) from data-collection methods (e.g., with respect to organizational payoffs, cost-benefit analyses, ratings, and surveys). Figure 8-3 presents a model that illustrates these distinctions. Targets and methods are linked through the options available for measurement, that is, its focus (e.g., with respect to changes in learners, the focus might be cognitive, affective, or behavioral changes). Finally, targets, focus, and methods are linked to the purpose of the evaluation—feedback (to trainers or learners), decision making, and marketing.
“Training is a set of a systematic processes designed to meet learning objectives related to trainees' current or future jobs. These processes can be grouped into the following phases; needs analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation.” The training delivery method consists of various techniques and materials used by trainers to structure the learning experience and various learning objectives. Some of them are divided into cognitive and behavioral approaches. Cognitive provide information written down or orally form that demonstrate a relationship between concepts and provide rules. Behavioral allow the trainee to do a real or a simulated fashion through the learning experience are best skilled in development and attitude change. A time frame for a training, mentoring and coaching for a company or any organization should be at least 1-2 weeks so the employee can learn everything the need to. No company should waste effort and money and training for people that are not interest in those 2 weeks of training, if that happens the company can make adjustments to make good decisions when they are employing people.

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