...people’s outlook on the world and the development of trade and commerce facilitated by this discovery increased substantially the riches of European countries and their people, propelling the economic development to such a point that the old social structure became compatible no more. On the other hand, the Renaissance emancipated people’s mind and facilitated the spread of ideas as freedom, equality and democracy which are essential to the founding of modern society. If the great discovery updated people’s physical outlook on the world, the Renaissance transformed their conception upon society and human beings. They became more conscious of the position they were in and unsatisfied with it, because it was not fair and now they knew it and wanted to change it. They were ready to resist any sort of imitative which had a potential to harm the rights of them. In this struggle between the king and the people, the king gradually lost his power and common will of the people prevailed. This transfer of power and the transition of society took place either by war and...
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...The world and most districts and nations are continuing to experience phenomenally fast demographic change. Demography is involved with everything that impacts or can be affected by populace size, development or decrease, spatial dispersion, structure, and attributes (Weeks, 2015). Demography is a power on the planet that impacts change in human prosperity of which the world has seen in the course of the last couple of hundred years. Demographic transition theory is from the early 20th century and is a collection of demographic data on a much larger scale. It is quantitative studies across different societies based on fertility, morality, and resultant growth rates. The demographic transition theory was developed in an attempt to make sense of all of this international data. From the demographic transition theory, we observe very different modern demographic regimes from Western Europe, central Europe and the developing world. This paper abridges key patterns in populace size, fertility and mortality among these transitions and the causes and consequences of population change. There are three fundamental stages of demographic change. The first stage is of high growth potential. In this stage, there is high fertility and high morality and the population is stable. Additionally in the first stage, an economy is primitive and in reverse. Agriculture is the principle occupation, which gives low level of pay to individuals. The way of life is exceptionally poor and individuals...
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...what is meant by a “demographic transition”, and examine whether such a transition might have benefits for economic growth in developing countries. Demographic transition is the process by which a country’s demographic characteristics are transformed as it develops. This mainly results from the changing patterns of death and birth rates, or the Mortality and Fertility transitions. Whilst the process of demographic transition is mainly complete in many developed countries, it is definitely still under way in most developing countries, where, while they are experiencing falling mortality rates, there are still also high fertility rates. This is the reason for high population growth in developing countries in recent years. In this essay I am going to outline the causes of mortality and fertility transition in order to explain the driving forces behind demographic transition. I will then discuss the effects of this transition on economic growth. The mortality transition has seen a remarkable reduction in mortality rates over recent centuries. Life expectancy has grown enormously, in both developed and developing countries. For example, India’s life expectancy at birth in 1930 was 26.9 years and 55.6 years in 1980. This seems to have been caused by three main factors. Firstly, rising incomes have led to increases in the quality and quantity of food consumed and so populations are better nourished and live longer on average. Secondly, better sanitation, modern sewage and improved water purification...
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...The demographic transition is the measurements created from the gradual shift in birth and death rates from the primitive to the modern condition in the industrialized societies (Wright, et al, 2011). Our understanding of the demographic transition includes the crude birthrate (CBR) and the crude death rate (CDR). The CBR and CDR are the number of births and deaths, respectively per thousand of the population per year. With data given per thousand of the population, the populations of different countries can be compared regardless of their total size. In using the term “crude” we are implicating that no consideration is given to what proportion of the population is old or young, male or female. CDR is subtracted from CBR which gives the increase or decrease per thousand per year and dividing this result by ten yields the percent increase or decrease of the population (Wright, et al, 2011). The four phases of the demographic transition are such as phase one in which there is the primitive stability resulting from a high CBR with an offset from an equally high CDR. In phase two is a declining CDR resulting from the epidemiologic transition. Fertility and the CBR remain high which activates population growth in this phase II. Phase III has a declining fertility rate however the population growth is still significant. Phase IV is reached when modern stability is achieved by a continuation of a low CDR and CBR. In the epidemiologic transition there has been a high crude death...
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...interesting theory of how sociological changes have influenced and delayed the transition into adulthood. The article focused on the impact of modern technological and industrial changes to societal attitudes toward adult rites of passage. In the modern-day industrial society, the introduction of formal education as well as the need for higher education in the twentieth-century postponed adulthood by introducing an adolescent and post-adolescent phase prior to adulthood. By comparison, in the agricultural society of the medieval era, people transitioned from infancy to adulthood as soon as they could work alongside their elders. Some interesting key points of the article, Adulthood, describe both formal and informal transitions in a person’s life that indicate the achievement of adult status. Formal indicators that a person has achieved adult status are: 1. Completion of formal education 2. Economic independence 3. Moving out of the parent’s home 4. Voting 5. Full-time employment 6. Marriage Informal transitions into adulthood are behavioral patterns assumed by an adolescent in an attempt to attain adult status. These behaviors include: 1. Drug and alcohol use 2. Smoking 3. Sexual activity 4. Teenage pregnancy Demographic changes within the past 30 years have also supported the theory of a delayed transition into adulthood as implied by the shift in the median age for marriage from 21 for women and 23 for men in 1970, to 25 for women...
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...CHAPTER 14 Motivation for Eating and the Nutrition Transition in the Philippines Steven R. Hawks, Hala N. Madanat, TeriSue Smith and M. Lelinneth B. Novilla INTRODUCTION To a large extent, the growing epidemic of global obesity can be explained by rapid changes in dietary patterns that are taking place in both developed and developing societies (Rigby et al., 2004). Specifically, traditional diets that were rich in grains, fiber, fruits and vegetables, are giving way to modern diets that are high in fat, sugar, and sodium (Popkin, 1994). The United States, as one example, progressed through the nutrition transition over a period of approximately 100 years and has now fully transitioned from a traditional to modern diet (Popkin, 2001a). Currently, the U.S. diet derives approximately 33% of calories from fat (Popkin et al., 2001) and the U.S. has achieved one of the highest levels of obesity in the world (23.5%) (Flegal et al., 2002). The prevalence of American obesity continues to climb at alarming rates (a 55% increase between 1980-1994) (Mokdad et al., 2003). Other countries are going through similar nutrition transitions, but at accelerated rates and often with more harmful results (Popkin, 2002). The global epidemic of overnutrition and obesity poses one of the major public health challenges of the coming century (James, 2004). It has been argued that the nutrition transition is an expected consequence of the demographic and economic changes that accompany development (Popkin...
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...Adulthood According to Rathus (2016), Middle Adulthood spans from ages 40 to 65. Although we may mature at different rates, our physical rates can be reversed in some cases with diet and exercise. In this stage, people go through many physical changes such as hearing and hair loss graying of hair, vision changes, and wrinkling of skin just to name a few. Middle-agers are more susceptible to diseases such as cancer, heart disease, hypertension, arthritis, and diabetes. In mid-life there is a decline in vision, many gain weight, and reduce in height. Some men develop sexual dysfunctions while women go through menopause or what is also called the change in life. The menopause transition commonly takes place between 46 and 50 years old. Symptoms vary from person to person and/or region to region. According to a study conducted on menopause in Australia and Japan, the women menopausal symptoms had many differences. Most of the Australians had symptoms of night sweats while the Japanese women reported anxiety and nervousness as their main issues. On the other hand, the regional studies showed a significant increase in depression and hot flashes across the board. Meanwhile, both regions did not show major differences in being excitable, difficulty in concentration, feeling tired or lacking energy.(Anderson, D .J, Yoshizawa, T, Gollshewski S.E, Sara E.A, Fumi.C Mary D;2004) Although this may be true studying middle age adults, it is found to be many physical, and sexual changes that...
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...Demographic transformation: the dilemma of sub-Saharan Africa Demographic transformation or transition is referred to as the process by which a country moves from high birth and high death rates to low birth and low death rates with population growth in the interim. The demographic transition model is comprised of 5 stages. The Sub- Saharan African region is believed to be still in stage 1, which refers to having high death rates and high fertility rates (birth rates) although the condition is far better than it was just a few years back. The demographic transition started in European populations living in Europe and elsewhere around 1880 and at present, almost all developing countries have entered the demographic transformation, i.e. mortality rates are declining and fertility rates follow. It was believed that countries in Sub-Saharan Africa will also follow the same pattern. But the demographic transformation has taken the speed of a slug in this part of the world. Sub-Saharan Africa mostly consists of countries regarded as underdeveloped or developing and is part of the so-called Third World. Third World countries share many characteristics but at the continental level they are not the same. For instance, sub-Saharan Africa is sparsely populated, in contrast to South and East Asia, and it is much less urbanized than Latin America. It stands out amidst the other major regions of the Third World for having the slowest rate of economic growth in recent years: an average annual...
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...the Civilian Workforce Introduction Unemployment is a major societal issue facing the US in the modern world and it has affected various members of the population. One of the sections of individuals that have been adversely hit by the highest levels of unemployment following the declining labor markets and recession are the veterans after the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq (Wolfe, 2012). Statistics given by the American U.S. Bureau of Labor reveal that the unemployment levels for Afghanistan and Iraq is more than twenty percent higher than that of other Americans. Young people are completing their military training and get into the job market immediately. The job market is characterized by a situation where young individuals that are below thirty-four years are experiencing the highest levels of unemployment in the US population. It has been observed that most members of the military have difficulties adjusting to life in the civilian workforce (Ray and Heaslip, 2011). Additionally, most of the veterans get back to the military life with injuries and disabilities sustained in their line of work and this poses major setbacks in their search for jobs. This paper gives a detailed analysis of the transitioning from the military to the civilian workforce. Challenges faced during the Transition Process Service in the military is difficult and demanding. However, the transition to the work force poses major challenges to the veterans as well. There are over twenty-six million...
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...Demographic Transition Santoya Rodriguez Environmental Science April 5, 2013 Demographic Transition Introduction Demography is a science that rarely makes general theories. Demographic transition refers to the logical sequence of historical phases every population passes as they become modernized (Azia, n.d). The basic principle of demographic transition is that there is an informal connection between modernization and a decline in fertility and mortality. In other words, as societies progress from pre-modernized to a modernized society they experience lower death and lower birth rates. Most of human history was characterized by high crude death rates (CDR). In fact, they averaged 40 or per thousand in most populations. High CDR was caused by a number of factors; however, epidemics and other social conditions were the most common causes. However, as seen in North America and Europe during the 19th century, as epidemics and other social conditions are improved, death rates decline. This particular pattern of change in mortality factors is called the epidemiologic transition, which represents one aspect of the demographic transition (Wright & Boorse, 2011). Four Phases of Demographic Transition In Phase I of demographic transition, a population is characterized by high CBR that is being controlled by equally high CDR. It is known as the most primitive of the phases because there is a high fluctuating CBR and CDR, which results in little to no population growth (Azia, n.d)...
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...of the community and not the ratings. Rating matter, but not as much as people seem to think they should. Today’s headline is that the city council has just voted to close all city parks for three days a week to save money. I think we should get together and do a fundraiser to allow our children to play at the park when us adults need a break. They will probably close these parks from Saturday to Monday. These days are two of the days that children are not in school. What about our younger children not old enough for school. Many take their children to the park in the morning time, while the school-age children are at school. “Why do we need to save money at a city park, anyway?” City parks are free for the children to play anytime during the day. I think we need to protest the city council’s decision. “Don’t you think so?” Next on discussion today is that Whitney Houston has died. They found her body in a full bathtub at a motel. At this moment, we believe she may have hit her head or fell asleep and drowned. She will be dearly missed by many fans. I will publish these stories on Facebook. They will be viewed by the community more than they would in the newspaper. I will also broadcast it...
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...The Stone Age was a wildly innovative time period for humans across the world. Estimated lasting about 3.4 million years and ending between 6000 and 2000 BCE, there is loads about this ancient era that is widely theorized and mysterious. Since there is so much to cover within the Stone Age, it was reasoned by scholars in the 1800’s, that it be broken up chronologically, starting with the Paleolithic era and continuing with the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. The Paleolithic era, meaning “old stone”, is the earliest division of the Stone Age and covers the greatest portion of humanity’s time. Separated into three stages, Lower, Middle and Upper, the Paleolithic period is still very much unaccounted for. Archaeological digs have been going on for centuries across Europe and other important parts of the world, supporting the knowledge and theories archaeologists now know to create an understanding of our prehistoric world. The Upper Paleolithic is the last subdivision of the Paleolithic era and is known for its sudden progression of intricate stone artifacts, artistic expression and personal ornamentation. Nine major cultures have been associated with the Upper Paleolithic time period and the modern human. These cultures were some of the first to see humans using art and tools as a way of expression. They engraved animals onto their tools and used ornamentation as a way of status and heritage. Early Upper Paleolithic art originated in the Aurignacian culture of Europe...
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...health may vary with time and space but many health specialists are of the opinion that levels of disease in a population (morbidity) and frequency of death at a particular age (mortality) represent vital and gross health statistics (McKeown 1978). Basically, improved health is reflected in decline of mortality. Determinants of health can be sought in various health theories or models. One of these is ‘life course model’ which offers an interdisciplinary framework for guiding research on health, human development and aging. Life course epidemiology is defined as the study of long term effects on later health or disease risk of physical or social exposures during gestation, childhood, adolescence, young adulthood and later adult life (Kuh and Hardy 2002). The aim is to elucidate biological, behavioural, and psychosocial determinants of health that operate across an individual’s life course, or across generations, to influence the development of disease risk. Combining the definition, quantifiers and determinants, if health trends are to be evaluated there has been a major transition in health status and its indicators. An Upside Trend Life expectancy has seen an upward trend worldwide. In the UK, for England and Wales, the Human Mortality Database or HMD shows that life expectancy at birth and at age 65 have increased for both males and females from 1841 to...
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...also given transitional assistance for learning day to day activities to encourage independency. By taking into account the goals of each student and setting realistic goals with the student’s guardians a plan of transition can be developed. The transitional planning for those students with disabilities must begin before the age of 16, must be based on the individual’s preferences and strengths, and must include job and life skills. Thus, allowing those with disabilities to become productive citizens when entering adulthood. Transition planning is a three part process: instruction, community experiences, and then employment or post-school living. Instruction for each student must be individualized and may vary greatly from basic life skills to moving on to college level courses. Community experiences may be given in many different ways for example volunteering and job shadowing. Employment services for individuals with disabilities are readily available and should be utilized to optimize the employment goals of the individual. For those students whose goals include continuing on to college level courses, meeting with the college’s disabilities advocate should be a priority to ensure that the student’s classroom accommodations can be met. With successful transition planning students with disabilities can successfully work toward whatever goals that they have in...
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... Influenced by a combination Western and Eastern elements of fashion , consisting of a silky cascading gown with trousers, Ao Dai has become the icon of Vietnamese feminine beauty. The ao dai has its way to differentiate its own effortless yet unique style, modified throughout three hundred years of history making it suitable for its environment, yet still remains popular and influential in the modern day Vietnamese culture, gradually growing its way out of borders. Today, due to its timelessness, the ao dai remained the national dress for both Vietnamese women and men. Body Paragraph #1 Topic Sentence “Ao Dai” literally meaning “Long Dress”, is a pure, demure, and yet provocative outfit that suits all ages. Evidence Analysis Ao Dai has become the most preferred dress on an everyday wear and during formal events for Vietnamese women. Transition Ao Dai is a two piece attire, thorough length, worn over silky trousers. It is split by a front and back panel, making it convenient for movement. Women wear ao dai in varied colors and patterns, expressed of the wearer’s age and status. Young schoolgirls wear...
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