1.0 Introduction
Parcel delivery also can call as package delivery, parcel delivery is playing important role in courier industry. Parcel delivery is an important role to help sender to deliver their items to a receiver based on their delivery expertise. Hence, parcel delivery service save the time of customers in return to get delivery fees. It is a service that bring convenience to customer instead customers send parcel by themselves. Nowadays, customers was interesting to purchase items through online, because more of the online shopping was provide free delivery service. Hence, it was increase the business of courier service industry and become a trend of delivery world. Courier deliverer has the responsibility to delivery items within a specified time, and ensure that the items is delivered in good conditions. Parcel delivery is also important to help a business to send parcel to over sea country by certain transportation. However, parcel delivery was bring a lot of benefit to both company and client.

2.0 Literature Review
A courier service mean a company who delivers documents, parcels and letter from customers to receiver based on their speed, security, tracking service and specialisation (Drew. J, 2013).
Basically the cost for a courier service included transportation, warehousing & packaging, inventory, and order processing & administrative. Transportation cost is the main cost for operation in courier service industry, it will increase the profit of a firm if they reduce the transportation cost. Most of the firm are depend on motor vehicle to send the parcel in order to reduce their transportation cost (Kartikeyan & Elango, 2014).

2.1 Procedures

Figure 2.1.1
To complete a courier services, there are few steps to be done (Industry Skill Council Australia, 2012). First, clarify and organise pick-up and delivery operation. Mean record all the requirement of customer in detail included pick-up and delivery point, size of goods and resources required for pick-up and delivery. Next, plan and analyse the distance, delivery time, resources used to pick-up and delivery. Besides that, pick-up the items in specified time and make sure the items are in good conditions. After picked up items and then delivery the items in specified time and kept items secure to avoid from any damage. Make sure send to the right address. Once the items hand up to receiver, request for signature on the invoice and collect the cash if necessary. Lastly, record the courier delivery operation according the whole procedure made. Noordin. A, Hasnan. N, Hasni, O (2011) mentioned that a good courier performance must contained good courier delivery management on the procedures.
Factors of choosing a courier service firm
According to Steve (2015), there are some factors will influence the customers on selecting a courier service. First of all is the speed of delivery. Delivery time is the important factors that a customer will take to consider especially the customer is in emergency case. Customer also looking for courier service who can deliver as fast as possible such as next day delivery. Besides that, different courier firm have different price offered charge. If there is an international service, it will be charge a higher price rate. The rates charges are mainly depend on the distance and weight of the items to be couriered. Some firm will offer extra quick service with additional amount. Hence, customer will take consideration on price if they want to send parcel within local or international. Customers were always wish to pay for reasonable price mentioned by Cambridge Courier (2014). Moreover, customer always try to find for reputational courier service for their mailing purpose. A good reputation firm may giving customer extra confident on their service, also a guarantee of item in safety condition and will be delivery on appropriate time.
Challenges
Generally, a courier service will face some challenges either is local service or global service. According to Leni, W. el. al. (2012), political market imperfection is a common problem faced by courier services. This included the diversion or misuse of resources which are redirected to dominant political party. Furthermore, most of companies are difficult to control their messengers effectively. When a messenger on leave, the manager need to find a replacement immediately then the delivery time of parcel will not delay. Apart from that, technology is changing faster now and courier companies need advance technology to manage the parcels delivery. Courier companies should always update their technology and this cost a lot. Nowadays, the competition in courier service market has increased. Many courier companies are under perpetual pressure to provide time definite delivery at low prices and the profit of the courier companies might decrease due to this issue (Ilgaz, S. et. al., 2009).
Transportation Mode
A right decision of transportation mode for delivering a parcel because it will affect the satisfaction of consumers and the profit of company. According to Monica, G. (2011), the courier company should consider some factors of weighing different mode of transportation such as transportation cost, transport time, suitability of the transport mode for the specific product and unitizing required by the transport.
Local
Road transport
According to Peter, T. (2012), road can be the most flexible option for the parcel delivery. The road transport can save a lot of cost compare with other transportation modes. Basically, to send parcel within local area, courier service company are prefer to use motor vehicle or van for delivery. So, if the parcel is small and near to the receiver, courier company will choose motorcycles to deliver the parcel. But, if the number of the parcel is large and the distance is far, the courier company will use van to deliver parcels.
Railway
Sending parcel by train was very less. Tolga, B. and Tendor, G. (2007) said that railway is one of the transportation mode which is cost-efficient and effective way to move the parcels. Rail transport is basically used for the local courier service especially if the distance is longer.
Global
Air transport
Air transport is an efficient transportation mode because it can deliver parcels quickly over country by country (James H. and Tiffany A., 2009). Air transport provide a high level of security of parcel. But air transport are consist higher cost because it involved the taxes, fuel and currency surcharges, and the courier company needs to arrange a further transportation for delivery from the airport to final destination. However, Most of the courier company will chose air transportation if their customers is in emergency cases and satisfy their customer’s need.
Sea Transport
International exports often use shipping by sea. Sea transport is suitable for large amount of parcels and parcels is no pressure to deliver quickly (Richard, G., 1994). Courier companies always ship a large quantities of parcels at a low cost by sea. A good advantage of sea transport is the shipping containers can be used for further transportation modes after ship to land. In addition, packaging of parcels have some specific requirement for sea transport, it help to protect the items of customers.

Personal Reflection
I was gained a lot of knowledge and experience from this assignment. I learned the factors make a good courier, procedure and the cost of a courier service was involved. I used to believe these researches and knowledges will be helpful in my future. However, I also faced some issue when doing this assignment where some of the information were not easily to find from internet and I also confuse on what information have to use in literature review. Anyhow, after done this assignment, I feel proud and accomplishment, it is a good experience to be engaged in this assignment.
Eu Jie Wen Personal Reflection
In this assignment, I have gain a lot of knowledge about the parcel delivery and the important of parcel delivery. Nowadays, parcel delivery is very important in business. A good parcel delivery management can reduce the cost. Before do the assignment, I think that the parcel delivery not so important for company. After I done the assignment I totally wrong, nowadays parcel delivery is a new trend of business because most of the customer like to buy thing from online. Lastly, we all is very teamwork all is done the job well and I think that this assignment will help me in my future work.
Personal Reflection (BONG PEAK FONG, I12000877)
From this assignment, I have learnt the courier service is a challenging market. Courier companies need to generate better solution to overcome these problems. Therefore, the courier company can compete with each other and survive in the market. Besides that, the courier company will consider many factors while choosing a suitable transportation mode. Distance, location, cost, type of parcel, quantity and time are affecting the decision of the company. For a local parcel delivery service, the courier company always use road or railway transport. Air and sea transport are more suitable for global carrier services. A teamwork is important in doing group assignment. I am glad all my group members had put hard work in this group assignment.
Personal reflection (Jason)
In this assignment, I have learned that nowadays there is a lot of business available for couriers in the nation. Therefore, you are competing with them to see who can provide the best of the best services to the customers. First to start a business courier one must make sure that you have reliable transportation as you will need to pick up and deliver packages each day. When you do not have that many customer at an early stage, you can probably start out with a car, van or SUV. However, when your business grows you may need to purchase or rent to use a larger truck to send all the parcels. This is one of all the learning that I have gain through or understand in the management of the courier business.
4.0 Comparison of POSLAJU’s offer with local and global courier companies operating in Malaysia
Comparison between POSLAJU’s and SKYNET. SKYNET which is one of the leading local courier companies operating in Malaysia, has more than 18 years’ experience in providing local and global courier services. So here are the comparisons between POSLAJU and SKYNET. The first comparison is the call for pick up request service, in Skynet there is given an excellent rate because reference number are given upon call for pickup service. However in Poslaju it stated not good because there is no reference number given.
The second comparison is the cut off time for pick up requested service, where it is also given an excellent rate because their working hour for weekday is until 5pm nevertheless it is also given good rating during eve of public holiday & puasa because their working hour is until 4pm. However in Poslaju, it also stated not good because their working hour for weekday is until 3pm while during puasa season their working hour is until 2pm. The third comparison is the delivery service to major cities where both Skynet and Poslaju Company have the same problem which they take 1 day to send the items and occasionally delayed of the delivery service. In fact the delivery service to small towns for Skynet take 2-3 days and have a slow process, not familiar with customer’s area and surcharges apply. The forth comparison is when first delivery attempt failed, for Skynet it’s been given the rate of not good it is because there is no proof of delivery attempt left on doorstep but in Poslaju it given a good rating because the posman will leave a note to inform you to call for re-attempt delivery service or self-collect at pos office.
Moreover the fifth comparison is the customer service centre, in Skynet it is not centralized and if you call the HQ, they will ask you to call to their branch in charged therefore it is given the rate of not good. Whereas in Poslaju service it has only one easy phone number to remember it is 1300-300-300 and been given good rating. The sixth comparison is that the online tracking service, both have a negative comment which is delayed and do not have the actual time to track their product. The seventh comparison is that the delivery charges in small towns where for the Skynet has an additional charge of RM10 and above whereas in Poslaju there is no additional surcharge and it is given good rating. However for the delivery charges in free industry zone, Skynet has an even worst surcharge of a total RM60 in fact in Poslaju it also given a good rating because there is no additional surcharge. Besides that, the eight comparison is the liability clause service where both company are allow a maximum of RM100 in which customer are advised to purchased insurance for goods value more than RM100 and above.
Nevertheless both company have never make missing the parcels of their customers, Skynet may sometimes damage goods of the customers but Poslaju will also never damage goods of their customers. Despite that, Skynet had once make a wrong deliver of the products to wrong address whereas Poslaju will never make any wrong delivery to their customers. Poslaju has less durable packaging quality compare to Skynet where it can able to last a long time without becoming damage. Moreover, when customers want to send the items to other country information are require to fill in Airways Bills in Skynet is needed less therefore can save more time whereas in Poslaju it is needed more to require your information and it is wasting our time. Last comparison is the request for replacement packaging, poslaju has a slow service which after 1 week also have not arrive yet but for Skynet it has a very fast service whereby within 2 working days they will deliver the product back to their customers.

Conclusion
In conclusion, parcel delivery is very important within the company logistic management. This is because parcel delivery can bring a lot of benefit and conveniences to company and customers for delivery items to the receiver. It can help the customer to save a lot of times and moneys. A good parcel delivery management can reduce the transportation cost and it will increase the profit of company. Other than that, customers can enjoy the parcel delivery non-stop services. The courier companies is offer 24/7 services to deliver to goods to customers so it is very convenient.
Furthermore, a courier company will facing some challenges if they do not managed well on their deliverer, it may happen delivery to wrong address or fail to delivery on time. Besides, the technology system is changing decade by decade, the courier companies need to update the parcel delivery system frequently and it will cost a lot money. So, if the courier company can have a better control and management on their parcel delivery, thus it can make the company more efficiency.
After study of parcel delivery, we can know how was the courier service delivery the items within local region or delivery to overseas. There are many types of methods and ways for courier company to send the items. Besides, we also know whether the parcel delivery by courier company is in safety condition and the transportation they used for delivery. Hence, customer are aware about the procedures of parcel delivery as well.

References
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