...cation A Classification of Motivation Theories (Content vs. Process) Motivation theories can be classified broadly into two different perspectives: Content and Process theories. Content Theories deal with “what” motivates people and it is concerned with individual needs and goals. Maslow, Alderfer, Herzberg and McCelland studied motivation from a “content” perspective. Process Theories deal with the “process” of motivation and is concerned with “how” motivation occurs. Vroom, Porter & Lawler, Adams and Locke studied motivation from a “process” perspective. 1. Content Theories about Motivation Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs When motivation theory is being considered the first theory that is being recalled is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which he has introduced in his 1943 article named as “A Theory of Human Motivation”. According to this theory, individual strives to seek a higher need when lower needs are fulfilled. Once a lower-level need is satisfied, it no longer serves as a source of motivation. Needs are motivators only when they are unsatisfied. In the first level, physiological needs exist which include the most basic needs for humans to survive, such as air, water and food. In the second level, safety needs exist which include personal security, health, well-being and safety against accidents remain. In the third level, belonging needs exit. This is where people need to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance. It is about relationships, families...
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...© département des relations industrielles, université laval - issn 0034-379X – ri/ir, 64-4, 2009, 555 – 574 555 Flexibility: Whose Choice Is It Anyway? Isik U. Zeytinoglu, Gordon B. Cooke and Sara L. Mann This paper examines whether flexible work schedules in Canada are created by employers for business reasons or to assist their workers achieve work-life balance. We focus on long workweek, flextime, compressed workweek, variable workweek length and/or variable workweek schedule. Statistics Canada’s 2003 Workplace and Employee Survey data linking employee microdata to workplace (i.e., employer) microdata are used in the analysis. Results show that more than half of the workers covered in this data have at least one of the five specified types of flexible work schedules. Employment status, unionized work, occupation, and sector are factors consistently associated with flexible work schedules. Personal characteristics such as marital status, dependent children, and childcare use are not significantly associated with flexible work schedules, and females are less likely to have a flexible work schedule than are males. Overall, results suggest that flexible work schedules are created for business reasons rather than individual worker interests. KEyWORDS: work schedules, non-standard work, work-life balance This paper examines whether flexible work schedules in Canada are created by employers for business reasons or to assist their workers achieve work-life...
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...Canadian Social Science Vol. 6, No. 5, 2010, pp. 102-123 ISSN 1712-8056 [Print] ISSN 1923-6697[Online] www.cscanada.net www.cscanada.org The Effect of Reward System on Job Satisfaction in an Organizational Chart of Four Hierarchical Levels: A Qualitative Study L'EFFET DU SYSTÈME DE RÉCOMPENSE SUR LA SATISFACTION AU TRAVAIL DANS UN ORGANIGRAMME DES QUATRE NIVEAUX HIÉRARCHIQUES: UNE ÉTUDE QUALITATIVE Ekaterini Galanou1 Georgios Georgakopoulos2 Ioannis Sotiropoulos3 Vasilopoulos Dimitris4 Abstract: Rewards systems are one of the most significant issues of the human resource management. Throughout the literature, it is obvious that theorists and academics, as well as practitioners and managers emphasize the important factor of rewards. Additionally, job satisfaction is another crucial term within the same body of literature. Job satisfaction is likely to provide employees of all levels with feelings of fulfillment, achievement and even pleasure for their job. Thus, such feelings can make people more productive, creative and therefore more profitable for the organization. Furthermore, feelings of job satisfaction can strengthen the commitment and loyalty of employees with the organization, which is very necessary in present times where all firms are looking for competitive advantage and especially through their people. The objective of this study is to examine the correlation of the rewards systems and job satisfaction, based on a qualitative research. An attempt is also...
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...= 20 Courses Accounting and Mgmt Control | Public and Private Policy | Economics | CPTC 31080: Pré-MSc Comptabilité (DONE) | DEVC 31110: Acteurs Publics | ECOA 31123: Macroeconomic Theory and Development | CPTC 31081: Pre-MSc Accounting (DONE) | DEVC 31112: Les enjeux de l’economie sociale | ECOA 31129: Asian Economies | CPTC 31124: Informations Comptables et Financières (CORE) | DEVC 31114: Economie urbaine et régionale | ECOA 31157: Monnaie et banque | CPTC 21125: Financial Accounting and Reporting (CORE) | DEVC 31134: Etat et gouvernance | ECOA 31180: Macroéconomie: introduction | CPTC 31246: Analyse des états financiers | DEVC 31202: Les modes de gestion des collectives et des services urbains | ECOA 31203: Economie du travail | CPTC 31247: Financial Statement Analysis | DEVC 31204: Marketing urbain | ECOA 31205: Sustainable Energy Economics | CPTC 31254: Audit et Management | DEVC 31206: Strategie et management des organisations à finalité sociale | ECOA 31226: Analyse de conjoncture | CPTC 31261: IFRS – Investor Relations | DEVC 31208: Urbanisme et aménagement | ECOI 31080: Pre-MSc Microéconomie | CPTC 31265: Group Financial Statements | DEVC 31210: Responabilité sociale de l’entreprise et developpement durable | ECOI 31081: Pre-MSc Microeconomics | CPTC 31355: Strategic Business Analysis ad Value Creation | DEVC 31212: Politiques publiques locales | ECOI 31142: Economie managériale | CPTC 31484: Séminaire de recherche comptabilité financière...
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...Introduction The workplace varies drastically from country to country and culture to culture. An employee from the United States will need to have pre-departure training on a variety of things to be successful on an assignment in France. The following information should provide insight into French culture, communication, and business etiquette, to improve both the training and the success of an expatriate being sent to France. I. France Overview France is one of many countries in the western part of Europe and has an estimated population of approximately 65 million people and continues to grow at about .5% each year (www.indexmundi.com). France is the largest Western European country and is approximately 4/5 the size of Texas (www.cyborlink.com). It is also one of twenty-seven countries that is a member of the European Union. Although France does not have an official religion, the majority of French people are Catholic (www.foreigntranslations.com). The country is bordered by six European nations, which include Belgium, Luxemburg, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy to its east and Spain to its southwest. Not only does France border many countries, but it is also is bordered by the Bay of Biscay and the English Channel to its west and northwest respectively. Communication The primary language in France is French, but most people in business speak English as well (www.foreigntranslations.com). Language is important...
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...t ho ug OPINION Innovation as a Last Resort Going after breakthrough innovations may be glamorous, but mounting evidence suggests that's the last growth strategy you should try. by Michael Treacy Like swinging for the grand slam in baseball or betting on thetrifecta in horse racing,going for broke with innovation is glamorous. Breakthrough innovations, whether the next blockbuster product or a next-generation business model, create a buzz in the boardroom while lesser forms of innovation go unnoticed. Yet a body of evidence in recentyears makes a strong case that breakthrough innovation should be the growth strategy of last resort. Consider the travails of Sun Microsystems. Since its start in 1982, the company has developed a number of blockbusters-high-end computer workstations; the Java operating system, which has driven much Internet software development; and the powerful Internet file servers that are home to many a corporate Web site. During the dot-com bubble. Sun acted as if the Internet revolved around it. But since then, the company has been unable to keep the flow of breakthrough products coming. Even worse, in viewing itself as the industry's biggest innovator, the company eschewed more incremental innovations that could have generated signif- icant growth, including application software and consulting, which rivals have used to lock in customers. Sales since 2001 have slid nearly 40%,and $5.1 billion in losses have piled up.The company has watched 94%...
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... Maître de conférences en psychologie à l’Université Paris 8, M. Thomas TOURBIER, Professeur associé en psychologie sociale à l’Université Paris 8, consultant. REMERCIEMENTS Mes remerciements s’adressent : à Marcel BROMBERG, pour sa rigueur et son encadrement de la formation, à Edith SALES-WUILLEMIN, pour ses apports enrichissants lors de ses interventions, à Thomas TOURBIER, qui m’a écoutée avec patience lors de ma réflexion méthodologique, et tout particulièrement à Sophie FRIGOUT, mon tuteur, qui m’a permis, à travers ses conseils, d’explorer de nouvelles pistes de réflexion pour la rédaction de ce mémoire, et qui m’a guidée avec bienveillance pendant toute la durée de celui-ci. Mes remerciements s’adressent également: aux managers interviewés dans le cadre des questionnaires, pour m’avoir donné de leur temps précieux. SOMMAIRE INTRODUCTION Partie 1 - REVUE DE LITTERATURE 1-Quelques approches thématiques majeures A- Les valeurs et les dimensions culturelles B-Les valeurs masculines et féminines. 2-Quelques notions et définitions A-Les stéréotypes a- Les stéréotypes de genre b- Les stéréotypes culturels B-Autres notions utiles a- Le préjugé b- La discrimination c- Le biais...
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...Introduction……………………………………………………………………..3 * Hofstede culture thoery…………………………………..……………….4 * Labour Laws……………………………………………………………………..7 * Trade Unions……….…………………………………………………………..8 * Conclusion……….………………………………………………………………9 * Reflection….…………………………………………………………………..10 * Appendix………………………………………………………………………12 * Reference…………………………………………………………………….15 Introduction Employees working in an organisation are the human resource of the organisation. It is the most important resource of the organisation. It is the most important resource out of the various resources that are available to the organisation. Human resource management includes everything from planning the human resource; recruiting and developing them through continuous training. It may also involve retrenching the workers if management feels it essential to achieve objectives. Managing resources is quite complex in many countries as their exist lot of disparities due to difference in cultures, educational background, income levels etc. According to Flippo, Hrm is the planning, organising, directing, and controlling of the procurement, development, compensation, integration, maintenance and reproduction of human resource to the end that individual, organisational and societal objectives are achieved. International human resource management (IHRM) is about the world-wide management of human resources (e.g. Adler and Ghadar 1990; Brewster 2002; Cascio and Bailey 1995; Harris and Brewster 1999; Poole 1999; Punnett...
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...flexibilité de leurs employés car les missions à l’international prennent une importance cruciale pour la réussite de projets, de par le transfert de savoir-faire, de qualifications et de connaissances de personnes à « haut potentiel » qu’elles entraînent. Dans ce contexte, l’aide logistique et le support social qu’une entreprise apporte à un cadre envoyé à l’étranger jouent un rôle déterminant dans sa compétitivité. Ce sont en effet eux qui permettent d’assurer le succès d’une affectation à l’étranger et de maintenir ainsi le développement de l’entreprise à l’international. L’objectif de ce mémoire sera d’étudier des solutions que proposent les entreprises pour leurs cadres en situation de mobilité internationale. Pour mener ce travail à bien, l’étude s’appuiera sur le cas d’Accenture, entreprise de conseil américaine, en décrivant le type d’aide logistique qu’elle a mis en place pour ses cadres mobiles. Après avoir présenté et expliqué le rôle et le fonctionnement du service logement de cette entreprise, nous nous intéresserons à la...
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...Class 7 Compensating Employees Fairly Three basic principles to make decisions concerning salary * Internal job consistency: compensation must reflect the of a job compared to other jobs wthin the organization, in terms of required qualifications, responsabilities, effort and working conditions * External salary competitiveness: salaries a company offers must be comparable to those offered by its competitors * Employee motivation and mobilization: compensation must be motivating in order to encourage performance and loyalty Manager’s Role: * To understand compensation principles * To possess adequate knowledge of the positions managed * To ensure equity, an important factor in compensation decisions Objectives of compensation * As a major HR tool, compensation aims: * To attract * To motivate * To retain employees Building a compensation Program Legal Context Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Pay Equity Act to correct salary differences caused by systemic discrimination Pay Equity Act to correct salary differences caused by systemic discrimination Labour standards act Labour standards act Labour standards act Labour standards act * Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedom Employee A<-> Equal salary for equal or equivalent work <-> employee B * Pay equity Act (for organizations with more...
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...ce PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND ITS IMPACT ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY LITERATURE REVIEW Performance management comprises all activities that guarantee that organizational objectives are constantly being attained in an efficient and effective manner. Normally, performance management focuses on the organizational performance, employees, departments and to some extent the processes that are usually employed to build a service or product, as well as other key areas of an organization (Izadpanah et al., 2012). In this competitive market, every company want s upgrades their marketing strategies and prepares their business mission and vision in order to carry out their business in the long run. In the age of rapidly changing competition and technological advances, the business process is interwoven with some hard realities. These challenges are manifested in competitions from volatile and unknown entity from an unknown corner of the world, unstable customers’ preferences, stringent labour laws, international standards and swift economic and political changes. All these taken together, compel the corporate world to work in a war zone to acquire and retain more customers and stabilize their business (Pradhan et al., 2012). A performance management system is the key factor used in determining whether an organization can manage its human resources and talent effectively. Performance management provides information on who should be trained and...
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...e.: favourable tax regime, stable political climate, effective regulatory bodies) and prima facie, the robust human capital supporting its economy has well augmented it to be an economic powerhouse (Hui, & Toh, 2014) – despite the disparity in land size compared to her neighbours and the lack of natural resources. Section one of this reflective commentary examines the factors concerning and influencing Singapore’s graduate employment opportunities (GEO) from different perspectives and viewpoints. Section two delves into my professional career pathway till date. Deliberating input from psychometric analysis, peer feedback and personal preferences, this commentary discusses on the suitability of my desired role as a Business Development Manager at an Online Travel Agency (OTA). Section three would then discuss on recommendations for personal growth and professional improvements for career advancements. The standard font size is Times Romans 12 or Calibri 12 or Arial 11. 2|Page  1. Graduate Employment Opportunities 1.1. An overview From a labour-intensive economy in the years following independence, Singapore transformed into a capital-intensive and finally a knowledge-intensive economy (Gopinathan, Yiu & Saner, 2014). Gross Domestic Product per capita has nearly doubled itself in less than a decade (The Global Competitiveness Report 2014-2015, 2014) – a clear signal of sturdy economic progression with extremely low rates of unemployment. An array of GEO are accessible...
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...UNDERGRADUATE PORGRAM IN MANAGEMENT INTERNSHIP FINAL REPORT – PRJ100 Trust consulting BY Belhassen Neili Academic year 2014-2015 1 Declaration I certify that I am the author of this project and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in this project. I have also cited any source from which I used data, ideas, or words, either quoted or paraphrased. Further, this report meets all of the rules of quotation and referencing in use at MSB, as well as adheres to the fraud policies listed in the MSB honor code. No portion of the work referred to in this study has been submitted in support of an application for another degree or qualification to this or any other university or institution of learning. Belhassen Neili Student Name Belhassen Neili Signature 10/09/2015 Date 2 Abstract During the professional internship, I discovered a new business filed that I was not interested about at the beginning, yet, after the first week, I had the passion which drives me to execute different task and learning much more about this particular filed of business. Trust consulting was the host company, situated in Nabeul, Tunisia. Though this final report, I will try to match the different activities of the enterprise and describe the way it works stating from global filed until the specific tasks of the company. Keywords: ENS, Trust consulting, technology, Business, work process 3 Table of Contents ...
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...of the vast mechanization. Various problems like job dissatisfaction, boredom, bsenteeism, lack of commitment etc came up. * Most management theories give emphasis on production, manipulating the skills of employees. * Tavy stock Institute of Human Relations me research on “workers problems in Industrial world” and they produced a study approach called Socio-technical system in which they gave great importance to “ job design” to satisfy human needs adequately and the need for Q.W.L. in an organization was emphasized. Quality of Work Life plays a vital role in Human Resource Management.QWL creative awareness of workers in successful Organization.QWL in India can be improved through a variety of instrumentalities like education and training, employee, union participation, research projects, and appreciation of changing environment. A good human resources practice would encourage all employees to be more productive while enjoying work....
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...Core Results Consulting | Strategic Analysis: Chern Report | Date: 2014 Strategic Staffing for all of your organizations short and long term needs Table of Contents Executive Summary …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Recommendations Strategic Staffing Planning Process ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Figure 1 – Economic Conditions 5 Disparate Impact Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….6 Job Requirements Matrix – Sales Associates …………………………………………………………………………………………..6 Figure 2 - Sales Talent Performance Matrix …………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 Sales Associate KSAOs …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 7 Table - Education ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 9 Table - Work Values ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Job Requirements Matrix ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9 Job Rewards Matrix …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 11 Table - Work Activities ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 12 Internal Labor Market …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 16 Table - Transition Probability Matrix ………………………………………………………………………………………………...... 17 Table - Transition Probability Matrix Forecasting ………………………………………………………………………………... 17 Table - Employment Projections ………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 17 Transition Analysis ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 18 Labor Market Findings …………………………………………………...
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