...approach unacceptable? What were the first types of programs to seek something better than the fly-fix-fly approach? The fly-fix-fly approach was a way of how engineers and manufacturers used to detect flaws and issues with an aircraft’s design and construction by actually flying the aircraft. Every flight led to a new discovery or a new fixture to a fitting which was something the engineers would work on before it was flown again. This method is commonly known as the trial and error method. After many years of development and with the advancement of technology, programs like space travel and/or nuclear weapons for instance had to be first-time safe which made the fly-fix-fly approach unacceptable. I believe that this approach was made unacceptable because there was a lot of cost involved in actually developing and launching such programs and the advancement of technology such as a wind tunnel for instance which could actually test the aerodynamic capability of a wing without the need for a trial and error type of approach. The first types of programs that were used to seek something better than the fly-fix-fly approach were known as the MIL-STD-882 which stood for the System Safety Program for Systems and Associated Subsystems and Equipment and the Minuteman Intercontinental Ballistic Missile (ICBM) program which was one of the first major formal systems safety efforts. Q4) How did the MORT approach to system safety develop? Who developed it and who uses it? The Management...
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...theory. Firstly, the boy does not live in a box. Yes it is true that he did not have access to a formal education like Meno or Socrates did but evidently he had basic mathematical skills. He knows numbers and in his day to day tasks, it is very likely that he would have, at some point, been exposed to the concept of basic mathematical operations such as adding, subtracting, etc. Perhaps he was present during other intellectual conversations Meno and his associates were having and picked up a few things. Secondly, Socrates had to mine for that answer from the boy. In much of the conversation with the servant boy, he answers his own questions and, in my opinion, he did actually teach the boy the concepts needed to solve the problem via the trial and error method. The third...
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...Bob Knowlton Bob Knowlton A Case Analysis INTRODUCTION The Case revolves around the professional lives of the three main employees of Simmons Laboratories. The so-called protagonist is a person by the name of Bob Knowlton, who is the lead on one of the projects at Simmons Labs. Bob reports to Dr Katherine, another important part of Simmons Labs. The third important person in this case is Elliot Haywood. He is a new recruit into Simmons Labs and at the outset, expresses interest in joining Bob’s team. Bob Knowlton: Bob is someone who has been with the Simmons Labs for about nine years when the case is prepared. He is shown to be someone who thinks like old school scientists who believe in the trial and error method. He tests rigorously before coming to any conclusions and is meticulous about the details. He does not hesitate spending time and poring over any analysis or decision. At the same time, even after being a nine year veteran, he still seems like someone who is still finding his foothold in the firm. However, he is not very open about his inner feelings and internally hurts. Elliot Haywood: Elliot comes across as a “Type A” personality. He was always in an urgent need to complete his work and did not care if in this process he was disturbing or annoying others. In the case it is mentioned how Elliot called Bob at 2 in the morning to explain a new approach to certain lab problems without apologizing to Bob once for disturbing his sleep. Elliot was very organized...
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...RUNNING HEAD: Observational Observational Learning: More then Trial-and-Error Calvin Smith, Jr. Middlesex County College PSY-123 3/6/2012 Introduction Observational: based on observation or experience. Merriam-Webster (2012) Learning: A systematic, relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs through experience. King, L. A. (2010). But what is Observational Learning? According to Albert Bandura, observational learning, also called imitation or modeling, is learning that occurs when a person observes and imitates behavior. King, L. A. (2010). This process, in theory, simplifies learning and eliminates the potentially hazardous and tedious trial-and-error periods in other forms of learning. I have found this to be very true in my own life in the constant teachings of my 8-year-old son. Summary of Theory Bandura’s Model of Observational Learning applies 4 elements to effectively achieve learning; Attention, Retention, Motor Reproduction and Reinforcement. The belief here is that through these elements a person can essentially be given the experience step by step and hence learn from observing someone else’s actions and advice. The first process that must occur is attention. In order for a person to be able to imitate an action they must attend to what the model is saying or doing. For example, if you attend a cooking class and find yourself texting through the beginning instructions you are likely to miss...
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...www.VLCglobal.com/support VLC Course Descriptions Quantitative Analysis for Decision Making Quantitative Analysis for Decision Making An Immersive Virtual Reality Learning Experience 2011-2012 Course Description This course provides the student with the concepts, methods and tools for the application of logical and quantitative analysis to business decision making and problem solving. It familiarizes the student with a wide range of software and other classical and contemporary resources related to decision and problem analysis, including basics of logic and decision making, principles of optimization, probabilistic distributions, linear programming, simplex, queuing and transportation problems, break even analysis, inventory management, forecasting and simulation. The course highlights the benefits as well as the limits of quantitative analysis in a real-world context. This course may be adapted for the graduate and undergraduate levels. Materials Readings, assignments, problems and assessments are integrated into the courseware. Any additional materials will be assigned by the instructor at the start or during the course. Course Outline & Assignments Assignments will change from time to time as new resources become available, contemporary events have bearing on the topics, or the social, legal, or economic environments change. FUNDAMENTALS OF DECISION MAKING AND PROBLEM SOLVING (Module One, 4-6 hours) • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ...
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...Huffman Trucking August 24, 2009 Huffman trucking Introduction The trial balance can be prepared at any point in time which lists all ledger account and the balances are used to provide the equality of debits and credits. Assets are listed first followed by liabilities and then owner’s equity. The trial balance proves that the accounts balance, but does not ensure that all transactions were entered or entered in the proper accounts. At Huffman Trucking we have decided to integrate an automated accounting information system (AIS) using internal controls to ensure the correct data and information reach the right departments in a timely manner. We will explore the importunateness of the AIS internal control and how they are different from a non-automated system. Integration of the automated AIS When it comes to the trial balance, companies can find at the end of the accounting cycle the trial balance has many errors. We would like to introduce the trial balance that is completely automated and could alert the company if any errors were to occur at any given time. We should have a system set up to remind the accounting department to check the trial balance for errors on a weekly basis. As stated by Netmba.com (2007), “The more often the trial balance is calculated during the accounting cycle, the easier it is to isolate any errors; more frequent trial balance calculation narrow the time frame in which the error might have occurred, resulting in few transactions through which to...
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...Structure 6.1 Introduction Objectives 6.2 Meaning Self Assessment Questions 1 6.3 Objectives Self Assessment Questions 2 6.4 Methods of preparing trial balance: Total Method and Balance Method Self Assessment Questions 3 6.5 Preparation op Trial balance Self Assessment Questions 4 6.6 Errors and their rectification Self Assessment Questions 5 6.7 Errors disclosed by a Trial Balance Self Assessment Questions 6 6.8 Errors not disclosed by Trial Balance Self Assessment Questions 7 6.9 Steps to locate the errors 6.10 Trial Balance and adjustments Self Assessment Questions 8 Terminal Questions Answer to SAQs and TQs Trial Balance 6.1 Introduction Journal and ledger are the books containing the details of business transactions which have taken place during a particular period. The purpose of these records is preparation of final accounts – trading account, profit and loss account and balance sheet. Before attempting to prepare final accounts, a summary of the transactions, as depicted by ledger should be available in a form that is easy to classify the assets, liabilities, expenses and incomes. While expenses and incomes are used to prepare trading and profit and loss accounts, assets and liabilities are presented in the balance sheet. Trial Balance stands as a bridge between primary and secondary books on one hand and final statements of accounts on the other hand. Sikkim Manipal University ...
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...Muller Chemistry Lab 101-02 Instructor: Sam Stevenson Abstract: Stoichiometry is used to figure out how much potassium chlorate in a mixture of potassium chlorate and an inert substance (a substance that does not react chemically). By determining the mass of the product experimentally, the mass percent composition is calculated stoichometrically. After finding the mass percent composition, the final calculation to find is percent error (with the accepted value given). In this experiment, we use a solid that contains potassium chlorate as the reactant and then determine how much potassium chlorate was actually in the solid. To determine the amount of potassium chlorate, we heat up the solid on a Bunsen burner and measure how the solid as changed while the reaction was taking place. Objective: There are four objectives to this lab: to calculate the theoretical and percent yields, predict the effect of experimental error on percent yield, calculate the percent composition, and calculate the percent error. Introduction: The purpose of this lab is to determine the mass percent composition of potassium chlorate in an unknown substance by using Stoichiometry. Stoichiometry is the calculation of the quantities of chemical elements or compounds involved in chemical reactions. In this lab, the decomposition of the reaction would further the calculations of potassium chlorate in the mixture. Decomposition means the breaking down of compounds or mixtures into...
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...Results and Discussion After assembling the Force Table apparatus by adjusting the load and angle through trial and error to reach balance, two trials were done for the this experiment to further analyze the condition and implications of equilibrium. On this experiment, mass obtained are converted to Force and the angle for each vectors(represented by F1, F2, F3 and F4 ) as well to acquire the Resultant Vector. Table 1: Actual Values for Trial 1 and Trial 2 |Actual Values |Trial 1 |Trial 2 | |F1 |0.294 or 0.29 N |0.490 or 0.49 N | |F2 |0.539 or 0.54 N |0.588 or 0.59 N | |F3 |0.735 or 0.74 N |0.931 or 0.93 N | |F4 |0.539 or 054 N |0.686 or 0.69 N | |θ1 |0° |0° | |θ2 |67° |70° | |θ3 |178° |173° | |θ4 ...
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...* * * * Distance Perception and Throwing Bean-Bags * Does Verbal Training Improve Perception Estimates and Actions * Emily Satel * Texas Tech University * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Abstract * Our research examined the relationship between verbal estimates of depth perception and active tasks involving depth perception by studying 20 participants in two conditions: the feedback condition and the no feedback condition. Participants in each condition completed tasks related to depth perception then underwent training involving making verbal estimations of distances before finally completing the task again. The only difference between the two groups was that those in the feedback condition were given feedback about the accuracy of their judgments during training and those in the no feedback condition were not. Our results suggest that verbal estimate training helps participants who receive feedback complete their active tasks more accurately. This suggests that training can help improve peoples abilities to make verbal estimates about distance and thus complete tasks related to depth perception with greater ease and more accuracy. * * * * * * * * * * Introduction * Our ability to accurately judge distances and perceive depths is an important skill in everyday tasks like driving. Unfortunately this is...
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...However, in trial 1 the empirical formula was __ and in trial 2 was __ .The percentage error for trial 1 was 20% signifying that the experimental value of the ratio was not as accurate as it could be. Trial 2 has a 30% of percentage error which is more inaccurate than trial 1. The measurement that gave the most inaccuracy was the mass of oxygen which had a 2.6% uncertainty (in trial 1), mainly due to systematic errors. However, the uncertainty of the ratio Mg:O is, 3.1% for trial 1 and for trial 2 it was 3.3%. Although the experiment wasn’t perfectly accurate, the precision was high because the ratio of Mg:O for the two trials were close to each other. Trial 1’s ratio was 1.2 and trial 2 had a ratio of 1.3. They are just 0.1mol away from each...
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...object’s mass (grams) to its volume (mL or cm^3). Therefore once we knew the mass and volume of the water being used then the density was calculated using the following formula: Density = mass/volume This calculated density was then be compared to the expected, theoretical density of water at the current temperature (°c) by using the following percent error formula: % Error = (experimental-theoretical)/theoretical Additionally, significant figure rules are used to ensure accuracy in this lab. With this information on all glassware, it was determined which lab glassware was the most precise and/or accurate. Procedure/Experiment: This experiment required many different kinds of glassware to be used in order to successfully carry out the experiment. The types of glassware and other tools used are as follows: 50mL beaker, buret, electronic balance, 125mL Erlenmeyer flask, 10mL graduated cylinder, pipet, thermometer, and sand. In experiment 1, the accuracy of a 50mL beaker was tested. The clean beaker was first weighed on an electronic balance and the mass was recorded. For the first trial, 30mL of water was added to the beaker and then weighed again. That mass was recorded and then the mass of the water was recorded by subtracting the mass of the empty beaker from the mass of...
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...are many sources of error in this experiment as we got some percentage differences in the two different trials. For the Trial 1 and Trial 2, the percentage difference is 3.7 % which is significant difference to be noted. This percentage difference could occur due to many reasons such as not measuring the KHP properly as we got 0.42 g for first trial and 0.4139 g for second trial of KHP for performing titration but it is more than required value as per literature value is concerned (0.40 g). The almost same percentagedifference occurs for next two trials (1.9 % and 2.5 %). The KHP is always 99.9 % pure, so the titration should give perfect results (Lab Manual). The other possible...
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...Looking back at our hypotheses and looking at our results collected in our lab, I can see that our results support the first hypotheses regarding objective 1, but not our second hypotheses regarding objective 2. As seen in Figure 1 in the results section, we can see that during the prism glasses training trial we started off to the far left and gradually both participants got closer to the target. Therefore, this data can help support our first hypothesis. On the other hand, as seen in Table 1 in the results section, the post-training average error of both types of participants has a very small difference. Furthermore, looking at Figure 1, we can see that even though participant 2 started of further to the left in the training trial, they still...
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...Assignment Three Problem One: The 31 May 2014 trial balance of Lee Childs, Chiropractor, Ltd is shown below. Lee Childs, CHIROPRACTOR, LTD Trial Balance as at 31 May 2014 Account Debit Credit Cash Accounts receivable Supplies Prepaid insurance Furniture and equipment Accounts payable Electricity account payable Unearned revenue Share Capital Dividends Services revenue Salary expense Electricity expense Rent expense $ 96 300 43 380 11 160 7 380 236 880 146 520 154 840 8 600 21 240 $ 8 820 8 600 2 640 286 240 420 000 $726 300 $726 300 The following transactions were completed during June: June 1 3 6 10 14 20 23 24 26 27 29 30 Purchased supplies on credit for $5230. Received $22 200 from patients as payment on account. Paid the electricity expense of $8600, previously recorded. Performed services for $2000 that was recorded previously as unearned revenue. Recorded revenue of $162 350 in cash and $12 450 on credit. Paid salaries of $73 200. Purchased furniture for $14 000 and paid by electronic transfer. Paid creditors $6400. Paid $80 000 in additional dividends. Purchased insurance policy for $4200 to cover business assets. Received $12 000 from patients as payment on account. Recorded revenue of $143 600 in cash and $21 000 on credit. Paid rent of $24 500. Required A. Prepare journal entries to...
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