...Diabetes Prevention as the Best Intervention Lorri Johnson Grand Canyon University Diabetes Prevention as the Best Intervention With diabetes having become an epidemic that is still growing, we as a society and healthcare community are seeing its effects on the economy. The exorbitant costs associated with diabetes and complications of diabetes have hit an all-time high. “The total cost of diabetes and its complications, along with gestational diabetes and prediabetes, was estimated to be $218 billion in 2007.” (Anderson, Riley & Everette 2012) Healthcare professionals and diabetes advocates alike have begun pushing policymakers to recognize and take action with regard to focusing on the prevention of type 2 diabetes to slow down these costly trends. Clinical Trial The Diabetes Prevention Program (DDP) is a landmark National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases clinical trial which provided the best evidence indicating individuals at high risk for type 2 diabetes can prevent or delay the onset of the disease. The DDP was a major randomized trial that had the one simple goal, “to determine whether modest weight loss and physical activity could prevent or delay type 2 diabetes in individuals with prediabetes.” (Anderson, Riley & Everette 2012) The subjects were categorized randomly into the Metformin group and the Lifestyle group. It was the Lifestyle group that showed the greatest success. Results1 The Lifestyle...
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...Diabetes A Growing Health Concern in the U.S. Diabetes A Growing Health Concern In The U.S. According to (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011). Diabetes can affect many parts of the body and therefore can result in serious complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney failure. The pancreas makes a hormone called insulin, which in turn helps glucose to get into the cells of our bodies. When the pancreas does not produce enough insulin blood glucose levels can then become elevated and other metabolic abnormalities can occur, leading to more serious and disabling complications. Obesity is directly linked to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. According to World Heart Federation (2015), “your risk of developing Type 2 diabetes and hypertension rises steeply. Statistics show that 58% of diabetes and 21% of ischemic heart disease are attributable to a BMI above 21.” (Why Obesity Causes Cardiovascular Disease). According to "Healthy People 2020" (2014), “diabetes affects an estimated 23.6 million people in the United States and is the 7th leading cause of death.” There are three common types of diabetes (Diabetes). 1. Type II – “Results from a combination of resistance to the action of insulin and insufficient insulin production.” (HealthyPeople.gov, 2014). Type II can be controlled by a person’s diet and physical activity, losing weight and when needed, medications. 2. Type I – The body is no longer able to produce...
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...not to take time to be physically active is not a reason alone that depreciates the health of each individual; this also includes their eating habits. Readily available foods such as junk food, processed canned food and fast foods also assist in the reduction of each individual’s health. The consumptions of these unhealthy foods and the decrease in physical activity pose risks on the human body, increasing their chances of developing diseases and illness. According to the Journal of School Health a study was conducted regarding the risks for developing type 2 diabetes in school aged children, it concluded that “Children who reported watching TV/playing video games 2 or more hours/day were 73% more likely to be at risk” [ (Urrutia-Rojas & Menchaca, 2006) ] for developing type 2 diabetes. The study also concluded that “...There is a need to apply screening strategies that guide the development of appropriate primary prevention efforts” [ (Urrutia-Rojas & Menchaca,...
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...Diabetology, June 2010; 3 :4 http://www.journalofdiabetology.org/ Review Article: Diabetes in Prevention Abstract: Pakistan: Epidemiology, Determinants and * R. Hakeem 1 , 2 , A . Fawwad 2 Epidemiology and determinants of diabetes in Pakistan have peculiar combination of risk factors. Strong gene and environment interplay along with in-utero programming in context of low birth weight and gestational diabetes are the main contributors of a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pakistan. The real burden of diabetes is due to its chronic complications leading to increased morbidity and mortality. The unique combination of various risk factors necessitates research studies to make appropriate risk assessment tools to control this diabetes pandemic. Better understanding of aetio-pathological genetic and environmental factors are suggesting prevention should begin much before the start of disease process and interventions in high-risk subjects alone will not be sufficient. It is necessary to initiate population based programmes for primary prevention of diabetes including a range of activities targeted at different age groups from fetal life to old age. Synchronized and coordinated efforts from public and private sectors are needed to combat this mammoth health and economic issue. Key words: Diabetes, Pakistan, Introduction: Escalation in rates of diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes in Pakistan is posing threats to the economy and quality of life of people due to...
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...Subject area: Diabetes • What is Type 1 Diabetes? Type 1 Diabetes is when the body does not produce insulin, usually children and young adults are diagnosed with this disease. Roach, D. P. (2011, November 20). American diabetic association. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/type-1/ • What is Type 2 Diabetes? Type 2 Diabetes is when the body's cells ignore the insulin or the body does not produce enough insulin. Bryan, S. (2011, January 26). American diabetes association. Retrieved from http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/type-2/ • Briefly describe how to distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes. Type 1 is when you are insulin dependent and you are born without a functioning pancreas. Type 2 Diabetes can be controlled through diet and exercise. • What are the current statistics for type 2 Diabetes? Type 2 Diabetes is more common in the following ethnicities Latinos, African Americans, Pacific Islanders, Native Americans, Hawaiian Natives, and Asian Americans. 8.3% of the population has diabetes and nearly 7 million are undiagnosed. 0.26% of adolescence under the age of 20 have Type 2 Diabetes. (06 M). Retrieved from http://localtvwghp.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/diabetes-statistics.pdf • How can type 2 Diabetes be prevented? (cite a source and explain it in your own words) Almost half of people with IGT (impaired glucose tolerance) end up developing Type 2 Diabetes in their lifetime. This means that...
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...Presentation on the affects of Heart disease, Diabetes, & Glaucoma with the main focus on Diabetes Types I & II Outline: I. Diabetes Type I a. Diabetes Type I is where the body does not produce insulin and "American Diabetes Association" (1995-2014), was "formally known as juvenile diabetes " (Diabetes Basics Type 1) It is called hypoglycemia when there is too little insulin. b. About 5% of people diagnosed with diabetes are type one. c. Symptoms include: Hige levels of sugar in the urine, frequent urination, increased thirst and a high blood glucose.("American Diabetes Association", 1995-2014) Symtoms of a diabetic coma include" a dry mouth, vomiting, shortness of breath or a breath which smells fruity. d. Treatments is insulin shots but can include excercising , only if the blood glucose is above the 240 mg/dl and the urinedoes not have ketones (fat waste See f. below). Diet is also a large portion of the treatment and lowering the amount of food the is taken in along with insulin shots. e. The dangers of not treating type I diabetes can include a condition called ketoacidosis (diabetic coma) .("American Diabetes Association", 1995-2014) f. To better explain this process when the body is not producing insulin and has no enegry it begins to break down fats. These fats have waste produces in them lovingly known as ketones. The body is not set up to handle the ketones in large amounts so t will eventually lead to a diabetic coma. This is...
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...as the "Minority Population Diabetes Prevention and Control Act of 2003" was introduced to Congress, and then referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce. According to this bill's findings, "minority populations, including African Americans, Hispanics, Native Americans, and Asians, have the highest incidence of diabetes and the highest complications of the disease" (1). The alarming rate at which the incidence of diabetes is affecting African American and Hispanic American communities has led the government, health care professionals, clinics, and other organizations to begin to question the process by which information and treatment is being accessed by members of these communities. African American[->0] African American[->1]s have the biggest problem and that is 13 of all African American[->2]s have diabetes but of those 13 don"tmt even know that they have diabetes. Another big problem for African American[->3]s is the number of diabetics has tripled in the last thirty years and it is steal rising. The rates of illness and death related to the complications of diabetes are high, and the disease is ranked as the seventh leading cause[->4] of death in the United States. African American[->5] are 2 times more likely to have diabetes then non Latino whites. 3-5 of all pregnancies of women with diabetes cause death of new born The prevalence of type II diabetes is highest in African Americans among ethnic and racial groups. African American type II diabetic populations have...
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...Developing an Advocacy Campaign for Diabetes Emmanuel Besong Walden University Policy & Advocacy for Population Health Nursing 6050N DR. Trudy Tappan March 27, 2016 Introduction Population health is defined as the health outcomes and its distribution in a community. Population health includes policies and interventions that affect health outcomes. Diabetes is a population health issue. Data is used to trend diabetes outcome of the diabetic population (healthcatalyst.com, 2013). According to CDC (2014), 9.3% of the population of the United States of America live with diabetes. This percentage amount to 29.1 million people diagnosed or undiagnosed with diabetes. Each year approximately 200000 deaths occur in the United States of America alone. The disease is the 7th leading cause of death in the United States of America (CDC, 2014). National Data trend estimates that by the year 2050, 1 in every 3 American will have developed diabetes (CDC, 2014). The American Diabetes Association defines Diabetes mellitus as a metabolic disease caused by low insulin secretion or inaction of insulin resulting in hyperglycemia. Long term effect of diabetes mellitus results in failure of many organs, such as eyes, blood vessels, kidneys, nerves, heart disease, stroke, amputations of the legs and feet, and early death. Diabetes Mellitus can be classified type 1 and Type 2. Insulin dependent diabetes is called type 1 diabetes and it is caused by a lack of insulin due to the damage of beta cells...
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...Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Specific Purpose: I want my audience to know the cause, affects, treatment, and prevention of type 2 diabetes. * Introduction I. You would never think a disease as common as diabetes mellitus would have such a large impact on your lifestyle. II. Although it is a chronic disease, it can be managed and in some cases, even prevented. III. 4 years ago, my dad was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the result of one’s insulin either not working properly or not enough being produced. After being diagnosed, my dad had to make a lot of changes in his lifestyle in order to manage the disease. IV. Fortunately, since it was first discovered in 1552 B.C., scientists have learned a lot about the causes, affects, treatments, and prevention of diabetes. First, I will discuss the causes of diabetes. Body I. Diabetes is a disease in which ones blood sugar levels are higher than normal. Depending on the type, different things can cause this. a. There are three types of diabetes: i. Type 1- occurs in children due to the pancreas either not making enough or no insulin. ii. Type 2- one’s insulin is not working properly or not enough is being produced. iii. Gestational- results from fluctuating hormones in pregnant women affecting their blood glucose levels. b. In non-diabetics, the insulin helps glucose enter cells, which then use the glucose for energy. In diabetics, the insulin...
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...Type 2 diabetes, once known as adult-onset or noninsulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition that affects the way our body metabolizes sugar. With type 2 diabetes, the body either resists the effects of insulin — a hormone that regulates the movement of sugar into cells — or doesn't produce enough insulin to maintain a normal glucose level (Type 2 Diabetes, 2012). This condition is very prevalent in the United States with approximately 26 million Americans being affected (Stoppler, 2012). Of this 26 million, type 2 diabetes accounts for up to 95 percent of all cases (One-Third of Adults, 2006). However, even with these significant numbers, it’s found that about 2.8 percent of U.S. adults or one-third of those with diabetes, still are unaware of their condition. This is substantial considering that if left untreated, type 2 diabetes can lead to blindness, kidney failure, nerve damage, and over time, can be life-threatening. In an attempt to lower these numbers, the government, sponsored organizations, and other groups have developed websites explaining signs, symptoms, prevention, risk factors, etc. of type 2 diabetes. Nonetheless, are these websites beneficial? Are they easy to scroll through and find information, or could they be improved to better meet the needs of the average website browser? The first website I chose to critique was the website for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Overall, this website was very easy to browse through. They clearly...
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...Type 2 diabetes in Hispanic adults Gerald Jean University of phoenix NUR/427 July1, 2014 Week 1 Type 2 diabetes in Hispanic adults Chronic disease is very significant in the health care professions. When considering the model it gives us the ability to assess, implement, and evaluates the effectiveness of the care we delivered to our patients in the daily basis. Type 2 diabetes is a progressive, chronic illness that affects a lot of Americans in many ethnic groups, but it is found that Hispanic adults have the highest percentage of developing type 2 diabetes (American academy of nurse Practitioners, 2007). The purpose of this paper is to motivate Hispanic adults to adopt healthy behaviors, increase motivation, and build skills, to enhance a positive health practices and self- management. According to American Diabetes Association, 2014, type 2 diabetes is the fifth leading cause of death in Hispanic American. Also it is estimated that by 2025 the percentage of Hispanic living with this chronic illness will increase to 18 %( ADA, 2014). As a registered nurse it is our responsibility to educate the patients how to maintain a healthy lifestyles by motivativating them to resist for optimal health, and supporting them in changing their lifestyle to maintain a better health. We have to do our best so they can meet their ultimate goals. When consider working with patients...
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...Epidemiology Paper In this epidemiological paper, I will be discussing about my chosen vulnerable population of elderly and the disease of type II diabetes among elderly population. I will also be discussing epidemiology and what it means, the steps and methods of epidemiology and how it was done for my chosen population and disease. Ethical and legal considerations, how to provide culturally competent care, and at last, I will discuss whether the research was descriptive or analytical, and the process of feasibility and evaluation of prevention of diseases. As stated in Nursing Standard, epidemiology is a scientific research discipline concerned with observing, measuring and analyzing health-related occurrences in human populations (Last 1995, Trichopoulos 1996). Mausner and Kramer (1985) suggest that epidemiological studies can be applied to all diseases, conditions and health-related events (Whitehead, 2000). Although epidemiology is focused on observing, measuring, and analyzing, it also evaluates diseases and health services, rationalizes resources, and prioritizes as to how to formulate strategies for health promotion. Epidemiology can also help to determine the health of the population, planning of health policies and services, and maintaining a healthy environment for all. When it comes to nursing, epidemiology offers nurses many benefits in incorporating health practices into their professional roles, helps them in having a better understanding in regards to the disease...
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...Diabetes a silent killer; Diabetes affects 20.8 million people in the United States alone and unfortunately, 6.2 million people in the United State are unaware that they have this disease. (CDC, 2007) Until they do, they have already developed life-threatening complications. According to the CDC the rates of Diabetes Type II are rising so quickly that they have declared the disease an epidemic. Complications may include blindness, kidney disease, nerve disease, heart and vascular disease and strokes."Diabetes is the leading cause of blindness, kidney failure, and leg amputations. In fact, it is the third leading cause of death in the United States." (Magee, 1999 p. 2) There are three main types of diabetes--Type I, which affects primarily the younger population; Type II, which primarily affects the population above 40; and gestational diabetes, which affects women during the third trimester of their pregnancy. Some causes of diabetes are heredity, being overweight, and problems with beta cells, which are located in the pancreas. Type II diabetes is most commonly seen in adults (another name for the disease is Adult Onset Diabetes). However, with poor diet, nutrition and lack of exercise there are and increasing number of children and adolescents developing type II diabetes. Diabetes mellitus type II is a metabolic disorder in which the cells in the body do not recognize and ignore the insulin produced. Insulin is a type of hormone that converts sugar, starches, and other types...
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...Diabetes: Types, Risk Factors and Treatments Diabetes is one of the most common chronic medical disorders. Diabetes occurs either because of a lack of insulin or because of the presence of factors that oppose the action of insulin (Watkins 1). Clark explains that insulin is a hormone that is used to convert sugar and other food into energy. It is the body’s means of lowering blood sugar levels and when it fails, everything is out of balance (3). Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells for the body to use for energy. In order to have a better understanding of diabetes, it is important to know the types, risk factors and treatments. To begin with, there are actually three different types of diabetes. Type 1 and Type 2 are the most common. Gestational diabetes, which is only diagnosed during pregnancy, will not be discussed here. The clinical symptoms of diabetes can include frequent urination, unusual thirst, blurred vision, bruises that are slow to heal, fatigue and numbness of the hands and feet. Type 1 diabetes is caused by the destruction of the insulin producing cells of the pancreas (Tuch, Dunlop and Proietto 43). Simply put, when the cells are destroyed, the body does not produce insulin. Previously known as insulin dependent diabetes it is also referred to as juvenile diabetes since it is usually diagnosed in children and young adults. It affects around 15% of all people...
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...Diabetes, breast cancer, and tuberculosis are three important health concerns issues in the United States and in other parts of the world, but let’s be clear about this, there are several other important health issues affecting our people that have very significant importance. My criterion for selection is the United State, English language, and no specific age group. Diabetes as we know is when the body fails to produce enough insulin, which then causes sugar to build up in your blood. Diabetes affects over 25.8 million people, which is 8.3% of the U.S population, of that 18.8million people are diagnosed and 7.0 million undiagnosed. Among U.S. residents aged 65 years and older 10.9 million, or 26.9%, had diabetes in 2010. About 215,000 people younger than 20 years had diabetes (type 1 or type 2) in the United States in 2010. About 1.9 million people aged 20 years or older were newly diagnosed with diabetes in 2010 in the United States. Type I diabetes was previously called insulin dependent mellitus or juvenile-onset diabetes. Type I diabetes develops when the body’s immune system destroys pancreatic beta cells, the cells that produce insulin that regulates blood glucose. To survive, people with this type must have insulin delivered by injection or pump. This type normally strikes children and young adults, but may occur at any age according and type I diabetes accounts for 5% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Risk factors can be may be autoimmune, genetic, or environmental...
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