...Concept Analysis: Heat-related Illness The Dangers of Children Left in Cars Edward Hynes Abstract An understanding of the concept of heat-related illness on children in enclosed vehicles and the impact on their families is necessary for Advanced Life Support (ALS) in order to appropriately assess the situation and determine the most appropriate actions to take. This paper will present various aspects of heat-related illness on children in enclosed vehicles, including the causes and outcomes of these situations, the impact on the families, and preventative measures. Concept Analysis: Heat-related illness What is the concept of Heat related illness on children in enclosed vehicles and the impact on the family? In todays’ families both parents have to work in order to pay the bills. As a result, both parents have to split the responsibilities of getting the kids from one place to another. The results are we all get involved in our routines that when you change that routine something always gets forgotten. Unfortunately the add responsibility of drop our child off at daycare sometime gets forgotten. And our days go on as normal. Until the dreaded question comes up “Can you pick up the children from daycare?” And your world gets turned upside down and inside out and will never be the same. As you remember you forgot to drop your child off at daycare. You run franticly to your vehicle to find out you are too late and you have lost your child to a heat related illness called...
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...Cerebrovascular Accident A stroke or cerebrovascular accident happens when oxygen is blocked from a certain part of the brain, depriving it of needed nutrients in order to function properly. This can occur from a clot or bleeding in the brain. Symptoms include “sudden weakness, numbness of the face or extremities, trouble speaking or understanding, and trouble seeing” (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2014). If any of the symptoms are noticed, it is important that immediate care is provided and the person goes to the hospital as soon as possible. Once the person is in the hospital, a doctor will diagnose and treat the CVA. Complementary and alternative medicine may be suggested, prognosis will be explained when the severity of...
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...Causes and Effects of Stroke Thesis: To gain better knowledge and understanding of the disease called stroke, one must be familiar with how it is caused, its forms, symptoms, facilitators, how it is diagnosed, treated, and prevented. I. Introduction II. Stroke A. Definition B. Types C. Causes III. Demographics IV. Symptoms V. Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention VI. Conclusion Causes and Effects of Stroke Many individuals know or have friends, relatives, loved ones, or someone close to them who have either experienced firsthand or have seen the effects of a stroke, in addition to the toll it takes on the victim and the victim’s life. However, what remains unclear to most families is exactly what the condition is and what causes it. To gain better knowledge and understanding of the disease called stroke, one must be familiar with how it is caused, its forms, symptoms, facilitators, how it is diagnosed, treated, and prevented. By definition, a stroke is a condition where a blood clot or ruptured artery or blood vessel blocks the flow of blood to a specific area of the brain. It is a lack of flowing oxygen and glucose to the brain that leads to the deterioration of brain cells and the start of brain damage, thus resulting in the person developing speech impairment, memory, and movement. There are two main categories in which strokes are classified, ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. The ischemic stroke is what accounts for...
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...‘Biology is the study of life and living things (organisms), and is an enormous, rapidly developing subject involving many allied disciplines such as chemistry, physics, mathematics, geology and psychology’ (Roberts et al, 2000, p.1). ‘Psychology is a science in which behavioural and other evidence (including individuals’ reports of their thoughts and feelings) is used to understand the internal processes leading people (and members of other species) to behave as they do’ (Eysenk, 2009, p.36). ‘Sociology provides a critical and systematic understanding of the processes which structures the society in which we live’ (University of Surrey 2009). The above quotations shortly define biology, psychology and sociology as three individual topics, which will be discussed throughout the whole assignment in order to gain an understanding of the relation of their individual influences to the outcome of my chosen patient’s current health status, a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). Rana and Upton (2009) were the first to research these three factors individually, relating them to poor health and well-being. Roberts’ (2000) definition above describes the certain issues explored within biology today; however, psychological and sociological issues can influence the biological status of the human body. Despite sociology influencing ones behaviour, it is also based around the effect it has upon groups and external events. Sociology does not only target the individual involved, but the way the...
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...What is Stroke? Also called CVA, or Cerebrovascular Accident, the stroke is a very interesting medical phenomenon. With more than 800,000 people experiencing new or reoccurring strokes each year (stroke.org), it is hard to just brush this off as another case that doesn’t need to be looked at. Stroke works much like a water hose with a knot in it, in the sense that the water will stop flowing while the knot is present. Strokes happen when blood flow has been restricted from the brain, causing the brain cells that were present in that area to die off. This often results in the victim losing control of one side of the body depending on which side of the brain was attacked, loss of basic motor and communication skills, quick or slow behavioral...
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...rather what he did. The 58-year-old former athlete and civil engineer had been fighting in the British courts for the right to end his suffering from Locked-In Syndrome, an incurable condition, following a stroke he suffered in 2005 (Burns). According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Locked-In Syndrome is “a rare neurological disorder characterized by complete paralysis of voluntary muscles in all parts of the body except for those that control eye movement…Individuals with locked-in syndrome are conscious and can think and reason, but are unable to speak or move…Communication may be possible with blinking eye movements.” Nicklinson’s only way of communicating was through a system that allowed him to write messages on a computer screen by blinking his eyes (Burns). His message was clear—“I want permission to die.” Before his case went to trial, Tony wrote an essay to the courts expressing his astonishment that a 21st century British court would deny him the right to take his own life just because he was handicapped (Burns). His case was emotionally charged and highly profiled; nevertheless, the British courts rejected his request to die. Lord Justice Sir Roger Toulson, the judge writing for the three-panel court that heard Nicklinson’s case said a decision in his favor would constitute “a major change in the law” (Burns). Nicklinson died six days after the court’s decision. Currently, euthanasia, or its more politically correct term, assisted...
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...different division of the body such as the eyes, muscles, brain, ears, spinal cord, and all other neurons. Neurons are also responsible for the basic things we do, our movement, thinking process, recollections and emotions (Garrett, 2011).Without neurons, it will be difficult to function daily. A case study: Joseph is a 59-year-old construction worker who recently suffered a stroke. A small blood clot became lodged in one of the vessels serving the right side of his brain and restricted blood flow to a portion of his right precentral gyrus. Many neurons in that area were damaged or destroyed and, as a result, Joseph is partially paralyzed on the left side of his body. He can move his left leg and walk, and can also move his left arm, but his left hand and the left side of his face are paralyzed. To determine the process of neural communication and how different functioning affects a particular part of the brain can help understand how the brain damage can originate from stroke and which method would best work in the recovery from brain damage. According to the case study, Joseph's left face and hand are paralyzed, but not the rest of his arm or his leg, reasons for this are when a stroke occurs on the right side of the brain several nerve cells in the brain tissue become wounded or damage, resulting to the nerve cells unable to communicate with other cells and it functions are damage, on the left side of the body, resulting to his left face and hand paralyzed. Another reason Joseph...
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...the physicians ultimately in charge of the care. Many complicated scenarios can occur for the RN at any time and they must base their decisions on the ethical and legal guidelines that govern the nursing profession. Body In the world of nursing we are faced with ethical decisions on a regular basis but it is how we handle these situations that makes the difference. As a nurse we are bound by the guidelines of the code of ethics. The ANA (2014) states the “Code of Ethics for Nurses is a succinct statement of the ethical obligations and duties of every individual who enters the nursing profession. “It is the profession’s nonnegotiable ethical standard” and “an expression of nursing’s own understanding of its commitment to society”. In the case of the patient admitted with a hemorrhagic stroke whose family disagreed on the plan of care, the code of ethics outlines that the patient is our primary concern. When faced with conflict the nurse should help coordinate discussion with all parties involved. Once the ethics committee convenes the final resolution as per the code of ethics is to do what’s best for the patient. The nurse involved in the malpractice lawsuit is required by the code of ethics to provide competent care and protect the patients from harm. The nurse did not demonstrate...
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...The Use of Music Therapy on Stroke Victims When normal blood flow to the brain fails, a stroke occurs, there are more than 780,000 strokes every year in the United States causing more serious long-term disabilities than any other disease that number is expected to increase in the coming years. (Know Stroke). While preventing strokes is obviously a goal, the development of successful rehabilitation strategies is equally important. Music therapy has shown promise as a way to help stroke victims recover a variety of lost functionality. In this paper I will be describing the beneficial effects that music has on stroke victims. There are two main types of stroke ischemic and hemorrhagic. Ischemic stroke occurs when blood vessels are blocked, usually by a clot. This accounts for four in five strokes. Hemorrhagic stroke is caused by a broken or leaking blood vessel in the brain (NIH). The effects of a stroke vary by its type, severity and location within the brain. A stroke may affect only one side of the body or part of one side. It can cause cognitive deficits, muscle weakness or paralysis. A stroke in the right half of the brain can cause visuospatial issues, impaired judgment and behavior, along with short-term memory loss. A stroke in the left half of the brain can cause speech and language problems, slow and cautious behavior, as well as memory problems. A stroke in the cerebellum can cause abnormal reflexes, balance problems, and dizziness, nausea, or vomiting (Office on...
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...Stroke Introduction The brain is disputably the most complex organ in our body. The tissues in the body compose the main nerve center of the body. These tissues coordinate all of our body functions, including our behavior, thought and our emotions. The brain is a very hardworking organ and it requires continuous supplies of oxygen and nutrients from the blood for it to function properly. The heart pumps blood throughout the cerebral arteries, sending blood to the brain. A disturbance to this supply of nutrients and oxygen will destroy the brain cells. Destruction of brain cells occurs immediately upon the interruption or even substantial restriction of blood flow to the brain. The minor damages to any part of the brain can cause a serious negative...
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...Community Interest Company: a Social Enterprise Organisation Project Report Health Needs Assessment: Stroke in South West and South East London Author: Version: Date: Client: Ref No: Dr John Hayward, Sarah Martin, Dr Michael Soljak Final Version 16.03.09 South West and South East London Cardiac and Stroke Network Boards P132 A Social Enterprise organisation and Community Interest Company Registered office: PO Box 1295, 20 Station Road, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, SL9 8EL English Company Number: 06480440 VAT Registration: 926 9466 78 www.phast.org.uk E&OE Final Project Report P132 Health Needs Assessment: Stroke in South West and South East London Public Health Action Support Team (PHAST) The Public Health Action Support Team (PHAST) is a Community Interest Company. This is a type of social enterprise that is committed to using its surpluses and assets for the public good. Social enterprises are social mission driven organisations which trade in goods or services for a social purpose.1 PHAST is based at Imperial College, London. It has over 60 experienced and expert public health professionals whose aim is to improve the health of the population and reduce inequalities. Many have worked at high level in the NHS, the Department of Health or in academia. Quality assurance and due diligence processes are in place to ensure all associates work to the highest standard. PHAST also has associates with economic, ethical and legal expertise. For further details see www.phast...
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...Case Study: Treating a Patient with Vascular Dementia Grand Canyon University Case Study: Treating a Patient with Vascular Dementia Vascular dementia is one of the most common causes of dementia, Alzheimer being the most common. Vascular dementia causes around 10% of cases while Alzheimer causes around an estimate of 60% to 80% of cases. NHS Choice (2015) defines dementia as “a loss of mental ability (cognitive impairment) associated with gradual death of brain cells” (para. 2). Vascular dementia occurs when the blood flow to the brain is reduced and usually happens from strokes, it also can be caused by a variety of diseases and damages that affects the brain. One of the most common type of vascular dementia is the Multi-infarct dementia which is caused by minor strokes or (which sometimes are called “mini strokes” or silent strokes”) that at times could go unnoticed. Unlike Alzheimer's disease, there are no licensed treatments for vascular dementia (O’Brien and Thomas, 2015) Multi-infarct dementia is more common in older men than women around the ages of 60 to 75 years old. Vascular dementia is really rare in anyone younger than 65. Global, 48.5 million people have dementia, about 70% of that is Alzheimer’s and around 10% are vascular dementia, there are 7.7 million new cases every year. This case study looks further into Vascular Dementia and the people who have them and shows how a great care system and collaboration can help the patient. A case study will be conducted...
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...Dom (case study) By: Dian Herron ota/s Diagnosis • Dom has a CVA • He has a history of hypertension • Dom also had a coronary bypass • His CVA has affected his left side Demographics • Dom is 56yrs old • He lives with his wife of 30yrs in a first floor condominum on Miami beach. • Dom's primary residence is in NY, but lives in FL during the winter months. • He is on disability from the NY fire department due to cardiac problems and a CVA 3yrs ago. Etiology • Stroke can affect many aspects of vision, and visual losses after stroke decrease safety. • As in Dom's case he has a left visual field cut and left side inattention. Tactile deficits in touch, pain, pressure, temperature, and proprioception are common after a stroke. Body awareness deficits affects knowledge of body construction, spatial relationships, awareness of body parts in relation to one another and right and left discrimination. • Dom's sensation in his left upper extremities are mildly impaired for light touch, superficial pain, and stereognosis. • Dom suffered a CVA during surgery for a coronary bypass. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to your brain is interrupted or reduced. This deprives your brain of oxygen and nutrients, which can cause your brain cells to die. Medications, medical management, surgical intervention Dom's case makes no mention of any medications in the past or currently that he is taking. For scenario process a doctor may probably...
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...the key to success. In this paper we will be examining the definition and description of epidemiology, the steps and methods of epidemiology, reviewing the data of the selected population. We will also be looking at the epidemiological triangle as well as various levels of prevention. Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events (including disease), and the application of this study to the control of diseases and other health problems. Various methods can be used to carry out epidemiological investigations: surveillance and descriptive studies can be used to study distribution; analytical studies are used to study determinants (WHO, 2012). Epidemiology is a type of science that guides our understanding of the strong points of how exposure and the relation to how it effects our health. Epidemiology can be used for many things such as the use of occupationally associated illnesses (Stanhope & Lancaster, p. 222, 2012). According to the Center of Disease and Control, epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this study to control health problems (CDC,...
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...In their pre-post case studies they observed five patients who had suffered from a CVA at least one-year prior to the start of the study and demonstrated upper limb hemiparesis on their dominant side. The subjects participated in thirty-minute session of physical practice focusing on activities of daily living (ADL’s) using their affected limbs twice a week for six weeks. After each therapy session the subjects would then perform mental practice of performing the same ADL’s for thirty minutes. The examiners used a three-dimensional motion analysis to observe each subject perform two functional reaching tasks in order as their outcome measure. The objects that they were to reach for were a plastic cylinder that was placed either at elbow or shoulder height. The results of this study showed that the subjects had a greater reaching distance after performing the physical practice with the addition of mental practice whether the cylinder was placed at elbow or shoulder height. The examiners also noted that the subjects were able to reach farther after the study because they had an increase in shoulder flexion and elbow...
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